The changing face of chronic illness management in primary care: A qualitative study of underlying influences and unintended outcomes

Annals of Family Medicine

Volumn 10, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 452-460

  Hunt, Linda M ^a   Kreiner, Meta ^a   Brody, Howard ^b  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Institute for the Medical Humanities   (United States)

Author keywords

Chronic illness; Clinical practice guidelines; Diabetes mellitus; Drug therapy; Hypertension; Pharmaceutical marketing; Physician incentive programs; Polypharmacy; Prescribing patterns, physician

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; ECONOMICS; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MALE; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; POLYPHARMACY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH; STATISTICS; UNITED STATES;

ADULT; AGED; CHRONIC DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; MALE; MICHIGAN; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PHYSICIANS, PRIMARY CARE; POLYPHARMACY; PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; QUALITATIVE RESEARCH;

EID: 84866176725     PISSN: 15441709     EISSN: 15441717     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1370/afm.1380     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Kaiser Family Foundation. Prescription Drug Trends. May 2010. http://www.kff.org/rxdrugs/upload/3057-08.pdf. Accessed Feb 4, 2011.
2. Cory S, Ussery-Hall A, Griffin-Blake S, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence of selected risk behaviors and chronic diseases and conditions-Steps communities, United States, 2006-2007. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2010;59(SS08):1-37.
3. Herper M. America's most popular drugs: a narcotic painkiller tops Forbes' list of the most prescribed medicines. Forbes. May 11, 2010. http://www.forbes.com/2010/05/11/narcotic-painkiller-vicodinbusiness- healthcare-popular-drugs.html. Accessed Nov 15, 2010.
4. Gu Q, Dillon CF, Burt VL. Prescription drug use continues to increase: U.S. prescription drug data for 2007-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2010;(42):1-8.
5. Bushardt RL, Massey EB, Simpson TW, Ariail JC, Simpson KN. Polypharmacy: misleading, but manageable. Clin Interv Aging. 2008; 3(2):383-389.
6. Light DW. Bearing the risks of prescription drugs. In: Light DW, ed. The Risks of Prescription Drugs. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 2010:1-39.
7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes- 2010. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(Suppl 1):S11-S61.
8. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al; Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1206-1252.
9. Rosendorff C, Black HR, Cannon CP, et al; American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research; American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention. Treatment of hypertension in the prevention and management of ischemic heart disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research and the Councils on Clinical Cardiology and Epidemiology and Prevention. Circulation. 2007;115(21):2761-2788.
10. Woolf SH, Rothemich SF. New diabetes guidelines: a closer look at the evidence. Am Fam Physician. 1998;58(6):1287-1288, 1290.
11. Welch HG, Schwartz LM, Woloshin S. Overdiagnosed: Making People Sick in the Pursuit of Health. Boston, MA: Beacon Press; 2011:171-172.
12. US Census Bureau: Statistical Abstract of the United States 2011. Table 7: Resident Population by Sex and Age: 1980 to 2009. http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2011/tables/11s0007.pdf. Accessed Aug 15, 2011.
13. Brody H, Light DW. The inverse benefit law: how drug marketing undermines patient safety and public health. Am J Public Health. 2011;101(3):399-404.
14. Greene JA. Prescribing by Numbers: Drugs and the Definition of Disease. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press; 2007.
15. Rockhill B. The privatization of risk. Am J Public Health. 2001; 91(3):365-368.
16. National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA), Feb 15, 2007. Expanded HEDIS Specifications For Physician Measurement Opened To Public Comment. http://www.ncqa.org/tabid/191/Default.aspx. Accessed Nov 15, 2010.
17. Brody H. The commercialization of medical decisions: physicians and patients at risk. In: Light DW, ed. The Risks of Prescription Drugs. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 2010:70-91.
18. Rochon PA, Gurwitz JH. Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade. BMJ. 1997;315(7115):1096-1099.
19. Golomb BA, McGraw JJ, Evans MA, Dimsdale JE. Physician response to patient reports of adverse drug effects: implications for patienttargeted adverse effect surveillance. Drug Saf. 2007;30(8):669-675.
20. SPSS Inc. SPSS for Windows. Release 18. Chicago, IL: SPSS Inc; 2009.
21. QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Version 9. Cambridge, MA: QSR International Pty Ltd; 2010.
22. Bernard HR. Research Methods in Anthropology. New York, NY: Alta Mira Press; 2006.
23. Viktil KK, Blix HS, Moger TA, Reikvam A. Polypharmacy as commonly defined is an indicator of limited value in the assessment of drug-related problems. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2007;63(2):187-195.
24. Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, et al; ACCORD Study Group. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(9):818-828.
25. Pogach LM, Rajan M, Maney M, Tseng CL, Aron DC. Hidden complexities in assessment of glycemic outcomes: are quality rankings aligned with treatment? Diabetes Care. 2010;33(10):2133-2139.
26. Choe HM, Bernstein SJ, Standiford CJ, Hayward RA. New diabetes HEDIS blood pressure quality measure: potential for overtreatment. Am J Manag Care. 2010;16(1):19-24.
27. Cooper-DeHoff RM, Gong Y, Handberg EM, et al. Tight blood pressure control and cardiovascular outcomes among hypertensive patients with diabetes and coronary artery disease. JAMA. 2010; 304(1):61-68.
28. Zoungas S, Patel A, Chalmers J, et al; ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Severe hypoglycemia and risks of vascular events and death. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(15):1410-1418.
29. Currie CJ, Peters JR, Tynan A, et al. Survival as a function of HbA1c in people with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2010;375(9713):481-489.
30. Mold JW, Hamm RM, McCarthy LH. The law of diminishing returns in clinical medicine: how much risk reduction is enough? J Am Board Fam Med. 2010;23(3):371-375.
31. Kassirer JP. On the Take: How America's Complicity With Big Business Can Endanger Your Health. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2005.
32. Abramson J. Overdo$ed America: The Broken Promise of American Medicine. 1st ed. New York, NY: HarperCollins; 2004.
33. Avorn J. Powerful Medicines: The Benefits, Risks, and Costs of Prescription Drugs. 1st ed. New York, NY: Knopf; 2004.
34. Brody H. Hooked: Ethics, the Medical Profession, and the Pharmaceutical Industry. Lanham, MA: Rowman & Littlefield; 2007.
35. Angell M. The Truth About the Drug Companies: How They Deceive Us and What to Do About It. 1st ed. New York, NY: Random House; 2004.
36. Applbaum K. Getting to yes: corporate power and the creation of a psychopharmaceutical blockbuster. Cult Med Psychiatry. 2009; 33(2):185-215.
37. Applbaum K. Shadow science: Zyprexa, Eli Lilly and the globalization of pharmaceutical damage control. Biosocieties. 2010;5:236-255.
38. Light DW, ed. The Risks of Prescription Drugs. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 2010.
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes Data & Trends. Dec 9, 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics/prev/ national/figpersons.htm. Accessed Aug 15, 2011.
40. Yoon SS, Ostchega Y, Louis T. Recent trends in the prevalence of high blood pressure and its treatment and control, 1999-2008. NCHS Data Brief. 2010;Oct(48):1-8.
41. Hajjar I, Kotchen TA. Trends in prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the United States, 1988-2000. JAMA. 2003;290(2):199-206.
42. Elliott C. White Coat, Black Hat: Adventures on the Dark Side of Medicine. Boston, MA: Beacon Press; 2010.
43. Oldani MJ. Assessing the 'relative value' of diabetic patients treated through an incentivized, corporate compliance model. Anthropol Med. 2010;17(2):215-228.
44. Choudhry NK, Stelfox HT, Detsky AS. Relationships between authors of clinical practice guidelines and the pharmaceutical industry. JAMA. 2002;287(5):612-617.
45. Tanenbaum SJ. Pay for performance in Medicare: evidentiary irony and the politics of value. J Health Polit Policy Law. 2009;34(5):717-746.
46. Ohldin A, Mims A. The search for value in health care: a review of the National Committee for Quality Assurance efforts. J Natl Med Assoc. 2002;94(5):344-350.
47. Christianson JB, Leatherman S, Sutherland K. Lessons from evaluations of purchaser pay-for-performance programs: a review of the evidence. Med Care Res Rev. 2008;65(6 Suppl):5S-35S.
48. Serumaga B, Ross-Degnan D, Avery AJ, et al. Effect of pay for performance on the management and outcomes of hypertension in the United Kingdom: interrupted time series study. BMJ. 2011;342:d108.
49. Campbell EG, Rao SR, DesRoches CM, et al. Physician professionalism and changes in physician-industry relationships from 2004 to 2009. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(20):1820-1826.
50. Gagnon MA, Lexchin J. The cost of pushing pills: a new estimate of pharmaceutical promotion expenditures in the United States. PLoS Med. 2008;5(1):e1.
51. Rodwin MA. Conflicts of Interest and the Future of Medicine in the United States, France, and Japan. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 2010.
52. Mendelson TB, Meltzer M, Campbell EG, Caplan AL, Kirkpatrick JN. Conflicts of interest in cardiovascular clinical practice guidelines. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(6):577-584.
53. National Physicians Alliance. The Unbranded Doctor. http://npalliance. org/action/the-unbranded-doctor. Accessed Mar 17, 2011.