The Rational Southerner: Black Mobilization, Republican Growth, and the Partisan Transformation of the American South

The Rational Southerner: Black Mobilization, Republican Growth, and the Partisan Transformation of the American South

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 1-240

  Hood, M V ^a   Kidd, Quentin ^b   Morris, Irwin L ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA   (United States)

^b CHRISTOPHER NEWPORT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

Author keywords

Black mobilization; Party realignment; Racial politics; Relative advantage; Republican Party; South; V. O. Key

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865850180     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199873821.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (179)

1. Abramowitz, Alan I. 2011. The Disappearing Center: Engaged Citizens, Polarization, and American Democracy. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
2. Aistrup, Joseph A. 1996. The Southern Strategy Revisited: Republican Top-Down Advancement in the South. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky Press.
3. Aldrich, John H. 1993. "Rational Choice and Turnout." American Journal of Political Science. 37(1):246-78.
4. Aldrich, John H. 2000. "Presidential Address: Southern Parties in State and Nation." Journal of Politics. 62(3):643-70.
5. Aldrich, John H., and John D. Griffin. 2000. Ambition in the South: The Emergence of Republican Electoral Support, 1948-1998. Paper presented at the Twelfth Biennial Symposium on Southern Politics, March 2-3, 2000, The Citadel, Charleston, SC.
6. American National Election Studies (). Time Series Cumulative Data File [dataset]. Stanford University and the University of Michigan [producers and distributors]. 2010.
7. Anderson, R. Bruce. 1997. "Electoral Competition and Southern State Legislatures: The Dynamics of Change." In Southern Parties and Elections, Robert P. Steed, Laurence W. Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, eds. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
8. Atkinson, Frank B. 1992. The Dynamic Dominion, Realignment and the Rise of Virginia's Republican Party Since 1945. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University Press.
9. Bacote Collection. Robert W. Woodruff Archives Library. Atlanta, GA.
10. Banducci, Susan A., Todd Donovan, and Jeffrey A. Karp. 2004. "Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation." Journal of Politics. 66(2):534-56.
11. Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
12. Bartley, Numan V. 1970. From Thurmond to Wallace. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins Press.
13. Bartley, Numan V., and High D. Graham. 1978. Southern Elections, County and Precinct Data, 1950-1972. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
14. Bass, Jack, and Walter De Vries. 1976. The Transformation of the Southern Electorate. New York: Basic Books.
15. Beck, Nathaniel, and Jonathan N. Katz. 1995. "What to Do (And Not to Do) With Time-Series Cross-Section Data." American Political Science Review. 89(3):634-47.
16. Beck, Nathaniel, and Jonathan N. Katz. 1996. "Nuisance vs. Substance: Specifying and Estimating Time-Series-Cross-Section Models." Political Analysis. 6(1):1-36.
17. Beck, Paul Allen. 1977. "Partisan Dealignment in the Postwar South." American Political Science Review. 71(2):477-98.
18. Bennett, Stephen Earl, and Linda L. M. Bennett. 1986. "Political Participation: Meaning and Measurement." In Annual Review of Political Science, Samuel Long, ed. Norwood, NJ:Ablex Publishing.
19. Black, Earl. 1976. Southern Governors and Civil Rights. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
20. Black, Earl, and Merle Black. 1987. Politics and Society in the South. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
21. Black, Earl, and Merle Black. 1992. The Vital South. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
22. Black, Earl, and Merle Black. 2002. The Rise of Southern Republicans. Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
23. Black, Merle. 1978. "Racial Composition of Congressional Districts and Support for Federal Voting Rights in the American South." Social Science Quarterly. 59(3):435-50.
24. Bobo, Lawrence, and Franklin D. Gilliam. 1990. "Race, Sociopolitical Participation, and Black Political Empowerment." American Political Science Review. 84(2):377-97.
25. Brady, Henry E., Sidney Verba, and Kay Lehman Schlozman. 1995. "Beyond SES: A Resource Model of Political Participation." American Political Science Review. 89(2):271-94.
26. Browning, Rufus P., Dale Rogers Marshall, and David H. Tabb. 1984. Protest is Not Enough: The Struggle of Blacks and Hispanics for Equality in Urban Politics. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
27. Bullock III, Charles S. 1985. "Congressional Roll Call Voting in a Two-Party South." Social Science Quarterly. 66(4):789-804.
28. Bullock III, Charles S., and David J. Shafer. 1997. "Party Targeting and Electoral Success." Legislative Studies Quarterly. 22(4):573-84.
29. Bullock III, Charles S., and M. V. Hood III. 2006. "A Mile-Wide Gap: The Evolution of Hispanic Political Emergence in the Deep South." Social Science Quarterly, 87(5):1117-35.
30. Campbell, Angus, Philip E. Converse, Warren E. Miller, and Donald E. Stokes. 1960. The American Voter. New York: Wiley.
31. Campbell, Bruce A. 1977. "Change in the Southern Electorate." American Journal of Political Science. 21(1):37-64.
32. Campbell, Bruce A. 1977. "Patterns of Change in the Partisan Loyalties of Native Southerners: 1952-1972." Journal of Politics. 39(3):283-316.
33. Carlson, James M. 1980. "Political Context and Black Participation in the South." In Party Politics in the South. Robert P. Steed, Laurence W. Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, eds. New York: Praeger.
34. Carmines, Edward G. 1991. "The Logic of Party Alignments." Journal of Theoretical Politics. 3(1):65-80.
35. Carmines, Edward G., and Harold W. Stanley. 1990. "Ideological Realignment in the Contemporary South: Where Have All The Conservatives Gone?" In The Disappearing South? Studies in Regional Change and Continuity. Robert P. Steed, Laurence W. Moreland, and Tod A. Baker, eds. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press.
36. Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1980. "The Two Faces of Issue Voting." American Political Science Review. 74(1):78-91.
37. Carmines, Edward G., and James A. Stimson. 1989. Issue Evolution, Race and the Transformation of American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
38. Carmines, Edward G., and James Woods. 2002. "The Role of Party Activists in the Evolution of the Abortion Issue." Political Behavior. 24(4):361-77.
39. Clark, John A., and Brad Lockerbie. 1998. "Split-Partisan Identification." In Party Activists in Southern Politics: Mirrors and Makers of Change. Charles D. Hadley and Lewis Bowman, eds. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
40. Clark, John A., and Charles Prysby. Southern Grassroots Party Activists Project. 2001 [Computer file]. ICPSR04266-v1. Greensboro, NC: John A. Clark and Charles Prysby [producers]. 2005. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. 2006-03-17. doi:10.3886/ICPSR04266
41. Cobb, James C. 1999. Redefining Southern Culture: Mind and Identity in the Modern South. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
42. Cohen, Cathy J., and Michael C. Dawson. 1993. "Neighborhood Poverty and African American Politics." American Political Science Review. 87(2):286-302.
43. Colby, David C. 1986. "The Voting Rights Act and Black Registration in Mississippi." Publius: The Journal of Federalism. 16(4):123-37.
44. Conway, M. Margaret. 2000. Political Participation in the United States. Washington, DC:CQ Press.
45. Coombs, Michael W., John R. Hibbing, and Susan Welch. 1984. "Black Constituents and Congressional Roll Call Votes." Western Political Quarterly. 37(3):424-34.
46. Cotter, Cornelius P., James L. Gibson, John F. Bibby, and Robert J. Huckshorn. 1984. Party Organizations in American Politics. New York: Praeger.
47. Dabney, Virginius. 1971. Virginia, The New Dominion. Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Co.
48. David, Paul T. 1972. Party Strength in the United States, 1872-1970. Charlottesville, VA:University of Virginia Press.
49. Dawson, Michael C. 1994. Behind the Mule: Race and Class in African-American Politics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
50. Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.
51. Eamon, Thomas F. 2008. "The Seeds of Modern North Carolina Politics." In The New Politics of North Carolina. Christopher A. Cooper and H. Gibbs Knotts, eds. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
52. Eisenberg, Ralph. 1972. "Virginia, The Emergence of Two-Party Politics." In The Changing Politics of the South. William C. Harvard, ed. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
53. Fenster, Mark J. 1994. "The Impact of Allowing Day of Registration Voting on Turnout in U.S. Elections from 1960 to 1992." American Politics Quarterly. 22(1):74-87.
54. Fiorina, Morris P, Samuel J. Abrams, and Jeremy C. Pope. 2010. Culture War: The Myth of a Polarized America. 3rd ed. New York: Longman.
55. Fleer, Jack D. 1994. North Carolina Government and Politics. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
56. Gay, Claudine. 2001. "The Effect of Black Congressional Representation on Political Participation." American Political Science Review. 95(3):589-602.
57. Giles, Micheal W. 1977. "Percent Black and Racial Hostility: An Old Assumption Revisited." Social Science Quarterly. 58(3):412-17.
58. Giles, Micheal W., and Arthur Evans. 1986. "The Power Approach to Intergroup Hostility." Journal of Conflict Resolution. 30(3):460-85.
59. Giles, Micheal W., and Kaenan Hertz. 1994. "Racial Threat and Partisan Identification." American Political Science Review. 88(2):317-26.
60. Giles, Micheal W., and Melanie A. Buckner. 1993. "David Duke and Black Threat: An Old Hypothesis Revisited." Journal of Politics. 55(3):702-13.
61. Giles, Micheal W., and Melanie A. Buckner. 1996. "Comment." Journal of Politics. 58(4):1171-80.
62. Glaser, James M. 1994. "Back to the Black Belt: Racial Environment and White Racial Attitudes in the South." Journal of Politics. 56(1): 21-41.
63. Green, John C., James L. Guth, Corwin E. Smidt, and Lyman A. Kellstedt. 1996. Religion and the Culture Wars. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
64. Green, John C., Lyman A. Kellstedt, Corwin E. Smith, and James L. Guth. 1998. "The Soul of the South: Religion and the New Electoral Order." In The New Politics of the Old South. Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell, eds. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
65. Green, John C., Lyman A. Kellstedt, Corwin E. Smith, and James L. Guth. 2002. "The Soul of the South: Religion and Southern Politics in the New Millennium." In The New Politics of the Old South. 2nd ed. Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell, eds. New York:Rowman & Littlefield.
66. Green, John C., Lyman A. Kellstedt, Corwin E. Smith, and James L. Guth. 2010. "The Soul of the South: Religion and Southern Politics in the New Millennium." In The New Politics of the Old South. 4th ed. Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell, eds. New York:Rowman & Littlefield.
67. Green, John C., Mark J. Rozell, and Clyde Wilcox. 2003. The Christian Right in American Politics: Marching to the Millennium. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
68. Green, William H. 2000. Econometric Analysis. 4th ed. New York: Prentice Hall.
69. Griffin, John D., and Michael Keane. 2006. "Descriptive Representation and the Composition of African American Turnout." American Journal of Political Science. 50(4):998-1012.
70. Grofman, Bernard, Robert Griffin, and Amihai Glazer. 1992. "The Effect of Black Population on Electing Democrats and Liberals to the House of Representatives." Legislative Studies Quarterly. 17(3):365-79.
71. Grosser, Paul. 1982. "Political Parties." In Louisiana Politics, Festival in a Labyrinth. James Bolner, ed. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 255-83.
72. Gujarati, Damodar N. 1988. Basic Econometrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
73. Hadley, Charles D., and Lewis Bowman. Southern Grassroots Party Activists Project, 1991-1992: [Computer file]. 2nd ICPSR version. New Orleans, LA: Charles D. Hadley and Lewis Bowman [producers]. 1993. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor]. 1997. doi:10.3886/ICPSR06307
74. Hamilton, James D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
75. Harris, Frederick C. 1999. Something Within: Religion in African-American Political Activism. New York: Oxford University Press.
76. Harris, Frederick C., Valeria Sinclair-Chapman, and Brian D. McKenzie. 2005. "Macrodynamics of Black Political Participation in the Post-Civil Rights Era." Journal of Politics. 67(4):1143-63.
77. Heard, Alexander. A Two Party South? Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
78. Heinemann, Ronald L. 1996. Harry Byrd of Virginia. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
79. Hood III, M. V. 2005. "Race and the Ideological Transformation of the Democratic Party:Evidence from the Bayou State." American Review of Politics. 25:67-78.
80. Hood III, M. V., and Irwin L. Morris. 1998. "Boll Weevils and Roll-Call Voting: A Study in Time and Space." Legislative Studies Quarterly. 23(2):245-69.
81. Hood III, M. V., and Seth C. McKee. 2010. "What Made Carolina Blue? In-migration and the 2008 North Carolina Presidential Vote." American Politics Research. 38(2):266-302.
82. Hood III, M. V., Quentin Kidd, and Irwin Morris. 1999. "Of Byrd[s] and Bumpers: Using Democratic Senators to Analyze Political Change in the South, 1960-1995." American Journal of Political Science. 43(2):465-87.
83. Hood III, M. V., Quentin Kidd, and Irwin L. Morris. 2001. "The Key Issue: Constituency Effects and Southern Senators' Roll-Call Voting on Civil Rights." Legislative Studies Quarterly 26(4): 599-621.
84. Hood III, M. V., Quentin Kidd, and Irwin L. Morris. 2004. "A Report on the Reintroduction of the Elephas maximus in the Southern United States: Explaining the Rise of Republican State Parties, 1960-2000." American Politics Research. 32(1):68-101.
85. Hood III, M. V., Quentin Kidd, and Irwin L. Morris. 2008. "Two Sides of the Same Coin?:Employing Granger Causality Tests in a Time Series Cross-Section Framework." Political Analysis. 16(3):324-44.
86. Hood III, M. V., Quentin Kidd, and Irwin L. Morris. "The Reintroduction of the Elephas maximus to the Southern United States: The Rise of Republican State Parties, 1960-2000." 2010. In Controversies in Voting Behavior, 5th ed., David Kimball, Richard G. Niemi, and Herbert F. Weisberg, editors. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
87. Jackman, Robert W. 1993. "Rationality and Political Participation." American Journal of Political Science. 37(1):279-90.
88. Jang, Seung-Jin. 2009. "Get Out on Behalf of Your Group: Electoral Participation of Latinos and Asian Americans." Political Behavior. 31(4):511-35.
89. Jelen, Ted G., and Marthe A. Chandler. 2000. "Culture Wars in the Trenches: Short-Term Forces in Presidential Elections, 1968-1996." American Review of Politics. 21(1):69-87.
90. Katz, Richard S. 2001. "Are Cleavages Frozen in the English-Speaking Democracies?" In Party Systems and Voter Alignments Revisited. Lauri Karvonen and Stein Kuhnle, eds. New York: Routledge.
91. Keech, William R. 1968. The Impact of Negro Voting. Chicago: Rand McNally.
92. Keele, Luke, and Ismail White. 2011. "African American Turnout in Majority-Minority Districts." Unpublished manuscript.
93. Kellstedt, Lyman A. 1989. "Evangelicals and Political Realignment." In Contemporary Evangelical Political Involvement. Corwin E. Smidt, ed. New York: University Press of America.
94. Key, Jr., V. O. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Knopf.
95. King, Gary. 1997. A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
96. Knack, Stephen. 1995. "Does 'Motor Voter' Work? Evidence from State-Level Data." Journal of Politics. 57(3):796-811.
97. Kruse, Kevin M. 2005. White Flight, Atlanta and the Making of Modern Conservatism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
98. Ladd, Everett Carll, and Charles D. Hadley. 1978. Transformations of the American Party System. New York: W. W. Norton.
99. Lamis, Alexander P. 1988. The Two-Party South. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
100. Lamis, Alexander P. 1990. The Two-Party South. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
101. Lamis, Alexander P. 1999. Southern Politics in the 1990s. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
102. Landry, David M., and Joseph B. Parker. 1982. "The Louisiana Political Culture." In Louisiana Politics, Festival in a Labyrinth. James Bolner, ed. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
103. Lassiter, Matthew D. 2006. The Silent Majority. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
104. Latimer, James. 1961. Virginia Politics, 1950-1960. Unpublished manuscript in the James H. Latimer Papers, Library of Virginia, Richmond.
105. Leighley, Jan E. 2001. Strength in Numbers? The Political Mobilization of Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
106. Leighley, Jan E., and Arnold Vedlitz. 1999. "Race, Ethnicity, and Political Participation:Competing Models and Contrasting Explanations." Journal of Politics. 61(4):1092-114.
107. Levendusky, Matthew. 2009. The Partisan Sort: How Liberals Became Democrats and Conservatives Became Republicans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
108. Levin, Andrew, Chien-Fu Lin, and Chia-Shang James Chu. 2001. "Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties." Journal of Econometrics. 108(1):1-24.
109. Lipset, Seymour M., and Stein Rokkan. 1967. Party Systems and Voter Alignments. New York: The Free Press.
110. Lublin, David. 2004. The Republican South: Democratization and Partisan Change. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
111. Luebke, Paul. 1998. Tar Heel Politics, 2000. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.
112. Maggiotto, Michael A., and Gary D. Wekkin. 2000. Partisan Linkages in Southern Politics. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
113. Matsubayashi, Tetsuya. 2009. "Racial Environment and Political Participation." American Politics Research. 38(3):471-501.
114. Matthews, Donald R., and James W. Prothro. 1966. Negroes and the New Southern Politics. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World.
115. McKee, Seth C. 2009. Republican Ascendancy in Southern U.S. House Elections. Boulder, CO: Westview.
116. McKee, Seth C., M. V. Hood III, and David Hill. 2012. "Achieving Validation: Barack Obama and Black Turnout in 2008." State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 12(1):3-22.
117. Nadeau, Richard, and Harold W. Stanley. 1993. "Class Polarization in Partisanship among Native Southern Whites, 1952-90." American Journal of Political Science. 37(3):900-19.
118. Nye, Mary Alice, and Charles S. Bullock III. 1993. "Civil Rights Support: A Comparison of Southern and Border State Representatives." Legislative Studies Quarterly. 17(1): 81-94.
119. Oliver, J. Eric. 1996. "The Effects of Eligibility Restrictions and Party Activity on Absentee Voting and Overall Turnout." American Journal of Political Science. 40(2):498-513.
120. Ostrom Jr., Charles W. 1978. Time Series Analysis: Regression Techniques. Sage Paper series on Quantitative Applications in the Social Sciences, 07-001. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
121. Owens, Chris T. 2005. "Black Substantive Representation in State Legislatures from 1971-1994." Social Science Quarterly. 86(4):779-91.
122. Parent, Wayne. 2004. Inside the Carnival: Unmasking Louisiana Politics. Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press.
123. Parent, Wayne, and Huey Perry. 2010. "Louisiana: African Americans, Republicans, and Party Competition." In The New Politics of the Old South, 4th ed. Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell, eds. New York: Rowman & Littlefield.
124. Peirce, Neal R. 1975. The Border South States. New York: W. W. Norton.
125. Petrocik, John R. 1987. "Realignment: New Party Coalitions and the Nationalization of the South." Journal of Politics. 49(2):347-75.
126. Platt, Matthew. 2008. "Participation for What? A Policy-Motivated Approach to Political Activism." Political Behavior. 30(3):391-413.
127. Poole, Keith T., and Howard Rosenthal. 2007. Ideology and Congress. Piscataway, NJ:Transaction Press.
128. Preuhs, Robert R. 2006. "The Conditional Effects of Minority Descriptive Representation:Black Legislators and Policy Influence in the American States." Journal of Politics. 68(3):585-99.
129. Primo, David M., Matthew L. Jacobsmeier, and Jeffrey Milo. 2007. "Estimating the Impact of State Policies and Institutions with Mixed-Level Data." State Politics and Policy Quarterly. 7(4):446-59.
130. Prysby, Charles. 2010. "North Carolina: Tar Heel Politics in the Twenty-first Century." In The New Politics of the Old South, 4th ed. Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell, eds. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 155-80.
131. Rhine, Staci. 1995. "Registration Reform and Turnout Change in the American States." American Politics Quarterly. 23(4):409-26.
132. Rhodes, Terrel L. 2000. Republicans in the South: Voting for the State House, Voting for the White House. Westport, CT: Praeger.
133. Riker, William H., and Peter C. Ordeshook. 1968. "A Theory of the Calculus of Voting." American Political Science Review. 62(1):25-43.
134. Rocha, Rene R., Caroline J. Tolbert, Daniel C. Bowen, and Christopher J. Clark. 2010. "Race and Turnout: Does Descriptive Representation in State Legislatures Increase Minority Voting?" Political Research Quarterly. 63(4):890-907.
135. Rosenstone, Steven, and John Mark Hansen. 1993. Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America. New York: Macmillan.
136. Scher, Richard K. 1997. Politics in the New South: Republicanism, Race and Leadership in the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
137. Segura, Gary M., and Shaun Bowler, eds. 2005. Diversity in Democracy: Minority Representation in the United States. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
138. Shafer, Byron E., and R. G. C. Johnston. 2001. "The Transformation of Southern Politics Revisited: The House of Representatives as a Window." British Journal of Political Science. 31(October):601-25.
139. Shafer, Byron E., and R. G. C. Johnston. 2006. The End of Southern Exceptionalism: Class, Race, and Partisan Change in the Postwar South. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
140. Skowronek, Stephen. 1993. The Politics Presidents Make: Leadership from John Adams to George Bush. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press.
141. Skowronek, Stephen. 2008. Presidential Leadership in Political Time: Reprise and Reappraisal. Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas Press.
142. Sosna, Morton. 1987. "More Important than the Civil War? The Impact of World War II on the South." In Perspectives on the American South: An Annual Review of Society, Politics, and Culture, Vol. 4. James C. Cobb and Charles R. Wilson, eds. New York:Gordon and Breach.
143. Southern Focus Poll () 1992-2001 data files [dataset]. Odum Institute, University of North Carolina [distributor], 2011.
144. Stanley, Harold W. 1987. Voter Mobilization and the Politics of Race: The South and Universal Suffrage, 1952-1984. New York: Praeger.
145. Stanley, Harold W., and David S. Castle. 1988. "Partisan Changes in the South: Making Sense of Scholarly Dissonance," In The South's New Politics: Realignment and Dealignment. Robert Swansbrough and David Brodsky, eds. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press.
146. Stanley, Harold W. 2008. "Hispanics in the South." Keynote address at the biennial meeting of the Citadel Symposium on Southern Politics. Charleston, SC.
147. Stern, Mark. 1987. "Black Voter Registration in the South: Hypotheses and Occurrences." In Black in Southern Politics. Laurence W. Moreland, Robert P. Steed, and Tod A. Baker, eds. New York: Praeger.
148. Strong, Donald S. 1955. "The Presidential Election in the South, 1952." Journal of Politics. 17(3):343-89.
149. Strong, Donald S. 1960. Urban Republicanism in the South. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama, Bureau of Public Administration.
150. Sundquist, James L. 1983. Dynamics of the Party System: Alignment and Realignment of Political Parties in the United States. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
151. Swain, Carol M. 1993. Black Faces, Black Interests: The Representation of African Americans in Congress. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
152. Tate, Katherine. 1991. "Black Political Participation in the 1984 and 1988 Presidential Elections." American Political Science Review. 85(4):1159-76.
153. Tate, Katherine. 1993. From Protest to Politics: The New Black Voters in American Elections. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
154. Tate, Katherine. 2003. Black Faces in the Mirror: African Americans and their Representatives in the U.S. Congress. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
155. Teixeira, Ruy A. 1992. The Disappearing American Voter. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
156. Timpone, Richard J. 1995. "Mass Mobilization or Government Intervention: The Growth of Black Registration in the South." Journal of Politics. 57(2):425-42.
157. Timpone, Richard J. 1998. "Structure, Behavior, and Voter Turnout in the United States." American Political Science Review. 92(1):145-58.
158. Tindall, George Brown. 1972. The Disruption of the Solid South. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
159. U.S. Census Bureau. Current Population Survey. Table 4b. Reported Voting and Registration of the Voting-Age Population, by Sex, Race and Hispanic Origin, for States:November 2008. Internet.
160. U.S. Census Bureau. Statistical Abstract of the United States: various years and editions, 1954 to 2010. Washington, DC ().
161. U.S. Census Bureau. Table 3: Annual Estimates of the Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2008 (SC-EST2008-03-01).
162. Verba, Sidney, and Norman H. Nie. 1972. Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
163. Verba, Sidney, Kay Lehman Schlozman, and Henry E. Brady. 1995. Voice and Equality:Civic Voluntarism in American Politics. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
164. Vogt, George L. 1978. The Development of Virginia's Republican Party. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia dissertation.
165. Voss, D. Stephen. 1996. "Beyond Racial Threat: Failure of an Old Hypothesis in the New South." Journal of Politics. 58(4):1156-70.
166. Voter Registration for Fulton County. 1960-1980. Clarence Bacote Collection. Robert W. Woodruff Archives Library. Atlanta, GA.
167. Voter Registration. 1956-1964. Clarence Bacote Collection. Robert W. Woodruff Archives Library. Atlanta, GA.
168. Walton Jr., Hanes. 1997. African-American Power and Politics: The Political Context Variable. New York: Columbia University Press.
169. Washington, Ebonya. 2006. "How Black Candidates Affect Voter Turnout." Quarterly Journal of Economics. 121(3):973-98.
170. Watson, Stanley J. 1996. "Race and Realignment Reconsidered: Issue Evolution in the South Since 1972." American Review of Politics. 17 (Summer):145-70.
171. Wawro, Gregory. 2002. "Estimating Dynamic Panel Models in Political Science." Political Analysis. 10(1):25-48.
172. Whitby, Kenny J. 1985. "Effects of the Interaction Between Race and Urbanization on Votes of Southern Congressmen." Legislative Studies Quarterly. 10(4):505-17.
173. Wilcox, Clyde. 2000. Onward Christian Soldiers. 2nd ed. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
174. Wilkinson III, J. Harvie. 1968. Harry Byrd and the Changing Face of Virginia Politics 1945-1966. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press.
175. Wilson, Sven E. and Daniel M. Butler. 2007. "A Lot More to Do: The Sensitivity of Time-Series Cross-Section Analyses to Simple Alternative Specifications." Political Analysis. 15(2): 101-123.
176. Wolfinger, Raymond E., and Robert B. Arseneau. 1978. "Partisan Change in the South, 1952-1976." In Political Parties: Development and Decay. Louis Maisel and Joseph Cooper, eds. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
177. Wolfinger, Raymond E., and Steven J. Rosenstone. 1980. Who Votes? New Haven, CT:Yale University Press.
178. Wooldridge, Jeffrey M. 2000. Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach. Boston:South-Western College Publishing.
179. Wright, Gerald C. 1977. "Contextual Models of Electoral Behavior: The Southern Wallace Vote." American Political Science Review. 71(2):497-508.