'We are farmers too': Agrarian change and gendered livelihoods in Kerala, South India

Journal of Gender Studies

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 271-284

  Arun, Shoba ^a  

^a MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

agrarian change; gender; Kerala; livelihoods; rural diversification

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865808706     PISSN: 09589236     EISSN: 14653869     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09589236.2012.691650     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Agarwal, B. 1997. Bargaining and gender relations: within and beyond the household. Feminist Economics, 3(1): 1-51.
2. Agarwal, B., 2011. DESA Working Paper No. 107, June. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. ST/ESA/2011/DWP/107 [Accessed 12 December 2011] Food crises and gender inequality. http://www.un.org/esa/desa/papers/2011/wp107_2011.pdf
3. Anandhi, S. 2007. Women, work and abortion: a case study from Tamil Nadu. Economic and Political Weekly, 42(12): 1054-1059.
4. Appleton, S. 1996. Women-headed households and household welfare: an empirical deconstruction for Uganda. World Development, 4(12): 1811-1827.
5. Arun, S., 1999. Gender, agriculture and development: the case of Kerala, South West India, Unpublished dissertation (PhD). University of Manchester
6. Arun, S. 2001. "Does land ownership make a difference? In: Cummings". In Gender Perspectives on Property and Inheritance, Edited by: S., Van Dam, H., Khadar, A. and Valk, M. KIT (Royal Tropical Institute): Amsterdam.
7. Bryceson, D. 2002. The scramble in Africa: reorienting rural livelihoods. World Development, 30(5): 725-739.
8. st century, IDS Discussion Paper No. 296.Brighton: Institute of Development Studies
9. Chant, S. 2003. Female household headship and the feminisation of poverty: facts, fictions and forward strategies. Gender Institute, New Working Paper Series, May (9)
10. Chari, S. 2004. Fraternal capital: peasant-workers, self-made men and globalisation in provincial India, Stanford: Stanford University Press and Permanent Black.
11. Coppard, D. 2004. Labour and drought: a social history of agrarian relations in a Chottanagpur Village of eastern India. Paper to the Conference on Livelihoods at the Margins, SOAS, London
12. Devereux, S. 2010. "Seasonal food crises and social protection in Africa". In The comparative political economy of development. Africa and South Asia, Edited by: Harriss-White, B. and Heyer, J. 111-224. New York: Routledge.
13. Devika, J. 2006. Negotiating women's social space: public debates on gender in early modern Kerala, India. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, 7(1): 43-61.
14. Dolan, C. 2004. I sell my labour now: gender and livelihood diversification. Canadian Journal of Development Studies, 25(4): 643-661.
15. Dwyer, D. and Bruce, J., eds. 1988. A home divided: women and income control in the third world, Stanford: Stanford University Press.
16. Eapen, M., 2004. Women and work mobility: some disquieting evidences from the Indian data, Working Paper 358. Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala: Centre for Development Studies
17. Ellis, F. 2000. Rural livelihoods and diversity in developing countries, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
18. Franke, R.W. and Chasin, B. 1992. Radical reforms as development in an Indian State, New Delhi: Promilla.
19. Fuwa, N. 2000. The poverty and heterogeneity among female-headed households revisited: the case of Panama. World Development, 28(8): 1515-1542.
20. Gangadharan, A., 2008. Paradoxes of agricultural transformation: changing gender roles and power relations in Kerala, India, Unpublished thesis (PhD). The University of Leicester, Department of Geography
21. Gonzalez de la Rocha, M. Private adjustments, household responses to the erosion of work. Washington DC: UNDP, SEPED, Conference Paper 6
22. Government of Kerala (GOK), 1996. Adhikaram janangilekku. Moorkanad Panchayat report. Moorkanad, Kerala
23. Government of Kerala (GOK). 2007. Economic review, Kerala: State Planning Board.
24. Gulati, L. 1993. In the absence of their men, New Delhi: Sage.
25. Harriss-White, B. 1999. Agricultural markets from theory to practice: field experience in developing countries, Basingstoke: Macmillan.
26. Harriss-White, B. 2003. India working: essays on society and economy, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Harriss-White, B. and Heyer, J. 2009. The comparative political economy of development. Africa and South Asia, New York: Routledge.
28. Heller, P. 2001. Moving the state: the politics of democratic decentralization in Kerala, South Africa, and Porto Alegre. Politics & Society, 29(1): 131-164.
29. ILO. 2008. Global employment trends for women, Geneva: International Labour Organisation.
30. Jackson, C. 1998. "Rescuing gender from the poverty trap". In Feminist visions of development, Edited by: Jackson, C. and Pearson, R. 77-85. London: Routledge.
31. Jackson, C. and Rao, N. 2008. "Gender inequality and agrarian change in liberalizing India". In The gendered impacts of liberalization: towards 'embedded liberalism'?, Edited by: Razavi, S. 63-98. New York: Routledge.
32. Jeffrey, R. 1992. Politics, women and well-being: how Kerala became 'a model', London: Macmillan.
33. Kabeer, N., 2007. Marriage, motherhood and masculinity in the global economy: reconfiguration of personal and economic life, IDS Working Paper 290.Institute of Development Studies. Available from: http://www.ids.ac.uk/ids/bookshop/wp/wp290.pdf [Accessed 12 December 2011]
34. Kabeer, N. and Van Anh, T.T. 2006. "Leaving the rice fields, but not the countryside". In Shifting burdens: gender and agrarian change under neo-liberalism, Edited by: Razavi, S. 109-150. Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
35. Kandiyoti, D. 1998. "Gender, power and contestation: rethinking bargaining with patriarchy". In Feminist visions of development, Edited by: Jackson, C. and Pearson, R. 135-152. London: Routledge.
36. Kapadia, K. 2002. "The politics of identity, social inequalities and economic growth". In The violence of development: the politics of identity, gender and social inequalities in India, Edited by: Kapadia, K. 1-40. New Delhi: Kali for Women.
37. Kapadia, K. 2009. "Liberalisation and transformations in India's informal economy: female breadwinners in working-class households in Chennai". In The comparative political economy of development. Africa and South Asia, Edited by: Harriss-White, B. and Heyer, J. 267-290. New York: Routledge.
38. Kepe, T., 2008. Beyond the numbers: understanding the value of vegetation to rural livelihoods in Africa, Available from: www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/geoforum). Geoforum 39.958-968 [Accessed 12 December 2011]
39. Kevane, M. and Gray, L. 1999. A woman's field is made at night: gendered land rights and norms in Burkino Faso. Feminist Economics, 5(3): 1-2.
40. Kodoth, P. 2004. Gender, property rights and responsibility for farming in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(19): 1911-1920.
41. Kodoth, P. and Eapen, M. 2005. Looking beyond gender parity gender inequities of some dimensions of well-being in Kerala. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(30): 3278-3286.
42. Lindberg, A. 2001. Class, caste, and gender among cashew workers in the south Indian state of Kerala 1930-2000. International Review of Social History, 46(2): 155-184.
43. Mukhopadhyay, S. 2007. The enigma of the Kerala woman. A failed promise of literacy, New Delhi: Social Science Press.
44. Nair, N. and Menon, V., 2007. Distress debt and suicides among agrarian households: findings from three village studies in Kerala, Working Paper No 397. Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala. Centre for Development Studies
45. Nakkeeran, N. 2003. Women's work, status and fertility: land, caste and gender in south Indian village. Economic and Political Weekly, 38(37): 3931-3939.
46. Osella, F. and Osella, C. 2000. Social mobility in Kerala: modernity and identity in conflict, London: Pluto.
47. Patnaik, U. 2002. "Deflation and Déjà Vu: Indian Agriculture in the World Economy. In". In Agrarian Studies: Essays on Agrarian Relations in Less-Developed Countries, Edited by: Ramachandran, V. K. and Swaminathan, Madhura. 111-143. New Delhi: Tulika Books.
48. Parayil, G. 2000. Kerala: the development experience, London: Zed Books.
49. Prakash, A. 2010. "Dalit entrepreneurs in middle India". In The comparative political economy of development. Africa and South Asia, Edited by: Harriss-White, B. and Heyer, J. 299-316. New York: Routledge.
50. Rajasenan, D. and De Groot, G. 2005. Kerala economy, trajectories, challenges and implications, Directorate of Public Relations and Publications Kochi, Kerala: CUSAT.
51. Razavi, S. 2006. Shifting burdens: gender and agrarian change under neo-liberalism, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
52. Razavi, S., ed. 2008. The gendered impacts of liberalization: towards 'embedded liberalism'?, New York: Routledge.
53. Saradamoni, K. 1994. Women, Kerala and some development issues. Economic and Political Weekly, 29(9): 501-509.
54. Thangarajah, C.Y. 2004. "Veiled constructions: conflict, migration and modernity in eastern Sri Lanka". In Migration, modernity and social transformation in South Asia, Edited by: Osella, F. and Gardner, K. 141-162. New Delhi: Sage Publications.
55. Tornquist, O. 2000. "The new popular politics of development: Kerala's experience". In The development experience: reflections on sustainability and replicability, Edited by: Parayil, G. 116-138. London: Zed Books.
56. Unni, J. 1996. Non-agricultural employment and rural livelihoods: macro vis-à-vis micro view. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 39(4): 795-808.
57. Unnithan-Kumar, M. 2001. Identity, gender and poverty: new perspectives on caste and tribe, New Delhi: Rawat Publications.
58. Vepa, S. 2005. Feminisation of agriculture and marginalisation of their economic stake. Economic and Political Weekly, 40(25): 2563-8.
59. Veron, R. 2001. The 'new' Kerala model: lessons for sustainable development. World Development, 29(4): 601-617.
60. Whitehead, A. 1984. "I'm hungry mum: the politics of domestic budgeting". In Of marriage and the market, Edited by: Young, K. 93-116. London: Routledge.
61. Yunez-Naude, A. and Taylor, E.J. 2001. The determinants of non-farm activities and incomes of rural households in Mexico, with emphasis on education. World Development, 29(3): 561-572.
62. Zachariah, K.C., Mathew, E.T. and Irudayarajan, S. 2003. Dynamics of migration in Kerala: dimension, differentials and consequences, Hyderabad: Orient Longman.