The role of the self in perspective-taking and empathy: Ease of self-simulation as a heuristic for inferring empathic felings

Social Cognition

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 153-180

  Chambers, John R ^a   Davis, Mark H ^b  

^a University of Florida ^*  (United States)

^b ECKERD COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865714797     PISSN: 0278016X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1521/soco.2012.30.2.153     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ames, D. R. (2004). Strategies for social infer ence: A similarity contingency model of projection and stereotyping in attribute prevalence estimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 573-585. (Pubitemid 39525573)
2. Aquino, K., Reed, A. II., Thau, S., & Freeman, D. (2007). A grotesque and dark beauty: How moral identity and mechanisms of moral disengagement infuence cognitive and emotional reactions to war. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 385-392.
3. Batson, C. D. (1991). The altruism question: Toward a social-psychological answer. Hills-dale, NJ: Erlbaum.
4. Batson, C. D., Early, S., & Salvarani, G. (1997). Perspective-taking: Imagining how another feels versus imagining how you would feel. Personality and Social Psycho I logy Bulletin, 23, 751-758.
5. Batson, C. D., Sympson, S. C, Hindman, J. L., Decruz, P., Todd, R. M, Weeks, J. L., et al. (1996). "I've been there, Too": Effect on empathy of prior experience with a need. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 474-482.
6. I Betancourt, H. (1990). An attribution-empathy model of helping behavior. Persona lity and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, 573-591.
7. I Caruso, E. M. (2008). Use of experienced re trieval ease in self and social judgments. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 148-155.
8. Chambers, J. R., Kruger, J., & Chan, S. (2009). Out of sight, out of mind: Self-other accessibility differences as a source of egocentric social comparison biases. Manuscript submitted for publication.
9. Chapman, G. B., & Johnson, E. J. (2002). Incorporating the irrelevant: Anchors in judgments of belief and value. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffn, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 120-138). New York: Cambridge University Press.
10. Clark, C. (1997). Misery and company: Sympathy in everyday life. Chicago: The University I of Chicago Press.
11. Coke, J. S., Batson, C. D., & McDavis, K. (1978). Empathic mediation of helping: A two stage model. Journal of Personality and I Social Psychology, 36, 752-766.
12. Davis, M. H. (1994). Empathy: A social psycho logy approach. Madison, WI: Brown and Benchmark.
13. I Davis, M. H., Conklin, L., Smith, A., & Luce, C. (1996). Effect of perspective-taking on the cognitive representation of persons: A merging of self and other. Jour I nal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 713-726. (Pubitemid 126420705)
14. Davis, M. H., & Oathout, H. A. (1987). Main tenance of satisfaction in romantic rela I tionships: Empathy and relational competence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 397-410.
15. Davis, M. H., & Oathout, H. A. (1992). The ef I fect of dispositional empathy on romantic relationship behaviors: Heterosocial anxiety as a moderating infuence. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 76-83.
16. Davis, M. H., Soderlund, T., Cole, J., Gadol, E., Kute, M., Myers, M., & Weihing, J. (2004). Cognitions associated with attempts to empathize: How do we imagine the perspective of another? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 30, 1625-1635. (Pubitemid 39604624)
17. El Leithy, S., Brown, G. P., & Robbins, I. (2006). Counterfactual thinking and post-traumatic stress reactions. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115, 629-635. (Pubitemid 44763694)
18. Epley, N., Keysar, B., Van Boven, L., & Gilovich, T. (2004). Perspective-taking as egocentric anchoring and adjustment. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 327-339.
19. Frijda, N. H. (1986). The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
20. Hoffman, M. L. (1984). Empathy, its limitations, and its role in a comprehensive moral theory. In J. Gewirtz & W. Kurtines (Eds.), Morality, moral development, and moral behavior (pp. 283-302). New York: Wiley.
21. Hoffman, M. L. (1985). Interaction of affect and cognition in empathy. In C. E. Izard, J. Kagan, & R. Zajonc (Eds.), Emotions, cognitions and behavior (pp. 103-131). New York: Cambridge University Press.
22. Karniol, R. (2003) Egocentrism versus pro-tocentrism: The status of self in social prediction. Psychological Review, 110, 564-580. (Pubitemid 37189438)
23. Keller, C., Siegrist, M., & Gutscher, H. (2006). The role of affect and availability heuristics in risk communication. Risk Analysis, 26, 631-639. (Pubitemid 43944581)
24. Kenig, S., & Ryan, J. (1986). Sex differences in level of tolerance and attribution of blame for sexual harassment on a university campus. Sex Roles, 15, 535-549.
25. Kruger, J., Wirtz, D., Van Boven, L., & Altermatt, T. W. (2003). The effort heuristic. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 91-98. (Pubitemid 38955903)
26. Kruger, J., Wirtz, D., Van Boven, L., & Altermatt, T. W. (2004). The effort heuristic. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40, 91-98. (Pubitemid 38955903)
27. Lazarus, R. S. (1982). Thoughts on the relations between emotions and cognition. American Psychologist, 37, 1019-1024.
28. Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, self, and society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
29. Mooradian, T. A., Davis, M. H., & Matzler, K. (2011). Dispositional empathy and the hierarchical structure of personality. American Journal of Psychology, 124, 99-109.
30. Piaget, J. (1972). The psychology of the child. New York: Basic Books.
31. Reed, A. II, & Acquino, K. F. (2003). Moral identity and the expanding circle of moral regard toward out-groups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1270-1286. (Pubitemid 37189383)
32. Robbins, J. M., & Krueger, J. I. (2005). Social projection to ingroups and outgroups: A review and meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 9, 32-47. (Pubitemid 40447984)
33. Schwarz, N., Bless, H., Strack, F., Klumpp, G., Rittenauer-Schatka, H., & Simons, A. (1991). Ease of retrieval as information: Another look at the availability heuristic. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 195-202.
34. Schwarz, N., & Vaughn, L. A. (2002). The availability heuristic revisited: Ease of recall and content of recall as distinct sources of information. In T. Gilovich, D. Griffn, & D. Kahneman (Eds.), Heuristics and biases: The psychology of intuitive judgment (pp. 103-119). New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. Smith, A. (1759). The theory of moral sentiments. (6th Ed.) London: A. Miller.
36. Smith, E. R., & DeCoster, J. (2000). Dual-process models in social and cognitive psychology: Conceptual integration and links to underlying memory systems. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 4, 108-131.
37. Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185, 124-131.
38. Verhofstadt, L. L., Buysse, A., Ickes, W., Davis, M. H., & Devoldre, I. (2008). Support provision in marriage: The role of emotional similarity and empathic accuracy. Emotion, 8, 792-802.
39. Weiner, B. (1980). A cognitive (attribution)-emotion-action model of motivated behavior: An analysis of judgments of help-giving. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 186-200.