The depression treatment cascade in primary care: A public health perspective

Current Psychiatry Reports

Volumn 14, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 328-335

  Pence, Brian W ^a   O'Donnell, Julie K ^a,b   Gaynes, Bradley N ^c  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b IL   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Depression treatment cascade; Major depressive disorder; Primary care; Public health; Recognition; Remission; Treatment

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CHRONIC DISEASE; COMORBIDITY; DEPRESSION; HUMAN; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; PATIENT SELECTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; PUBLIC HEALTH; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; REMISSION; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SCREENING TEST; TREATMENT PLANNING; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

CONTINUITY OF PATIENT CARE; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; HUMANS; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; PUBLIC HEALTH; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84865629664     PISSN: 15233812     EISSN: 15351645     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-012-0274-y     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA. 2003;289(23):3095-105. (Pubitemid 37432885)
2. World Health Organization. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. 2004; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global-burden-disease/2004-report-update/en/ index.html. Accessed 25 October 2010.
3. Greenberg PE, Kessler RC, Birnbaum HG, et al. The economic burden of depression in the United States: how did it change between 1990 and 2000? J Clin Psychiatry. 2003;64(12):1465-75. (Pubitemid 41270106)
4. Birnbaum HG, Ben-Hamadi R, Greenberg PE, et al. Determinants of direct cost differences among US employees with major depressive disorders using antidepressants. Pharmacoeconomics. 2009;27 (6):507-17.
5. Pincus H, Tanielian T, Marcus S, et al. Prescribing trends in psychotropic medications: primary care, psychiatry, and other medical specialities. JAMA. 1998;279(7):526-31. (Pubitemid 28113431)
6. Harman JS, Veazie PJ, Lyness JM. Primary care physician office visits for depression by older Americans. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(9):926-30. (Pubitemid 44141760)
7. Gaynes BN, Rush AJ, Trivedi M, et al. A direct comparison of presenting characteristics of depressed outpatients from primary vs. specialty care settings: preliminary findings from the STAR*D clinical trial. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2005;27(2):87-96. (Pubitemid 40348772)
8. Gaynes BN, Rush AJ, TrivediMH, et al.Major depression symptoms in primary care and psychiatric care settings: a cross-sectional analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2007;5(2):126-34. (Pubitemid 46513481)
9. World Health Organization. The global burden of disease: 2004 update. 2004; http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global-burden-disease/2004-report-update/en/ index.html.
10. Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Morgan LC, et al. Comparative benefits and harms of second-generation antidepressants for treating major depressive disorder: an updated meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(11):772-85.
11. Katon WJ, Lin EH, Von Korff M, et al. Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. N Engl J Med. 2011;363(27):2611-2620. This randomized controlled trial of a collaborative care treatment model for depression and chronic medical conditions demonstrated improvements in clinical indicators of cardiovascular disease and diabetes in the intervention arm relative to usual care.
12. Trivedi MH, Rush AJ, Gaynes BN, et al. Maximizing the adequacy of medication treatment in controlled trials and clinical practice: STAR*D measurement-based care. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2007;32:2479-89. (Pubitemid 350126843)
13. Mugavero MJ. Guidelines for improving HIV treatment "adherence" : The big picture. 6th International Conference on HIV Treatment and Prevention Adherence. Miami, FL 2011.
14. Hasin DS, Goodwin RD, Stinson FS, Grant BF. Epidemiology of major depressive disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcoholism and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(10):1097-106. (Pubitemid 41396935)
15. Vasiliadis HM, Lesage A, Adair C, et al. Do Canada and the United States differ in prevalence of depression and utilization of services? Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58(1):63-71.
16. Mitchell AJ, Rao S, Vaze A. International comparison of clinicians' ability to identify depression in primary care: meta-analysis and meta-regression of predictors. Br J Gen Pract.;61(583):e72-80. This meta-analysis compares the prevalence of depression in primary care practices across countries as well as primary care providers' ability to identify depression.
17. Mitchell AJ, Vaze A, Rao S. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Lancet. 2009;374(9690):609-19.
18. Wang PS, Berglund P, Olfson M, et al. Failure and delay in initial treatment contact after first onset of mental disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):603-13. (Pubitemid 40973435)
19. Wang PS, Lane M, Olfson M, et al. Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62(6):629-40. (Pubitemid 40973438)
20. American Psychiatric Association. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. 3rd ed. Washington: American Psychiatric Association Press; 2010.
21. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Depression in Primary Care: Vol 2: Treatment of Major Depression. Rockville: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 1993.
22. Gaynes BN, Warden D, Trivedi MH, et al. What did STAR*D teach us? Results from a large-scale, practical, clinical trial for patients with depression. Psychiatr Serv. 2009;60(11):1439-45.
23. Rush AJ, Kraemer HC, Sackeim HA, et al. Report by the ACNP Task Force on response and remission in major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(9):1841-53.
24. Carlin BP, Louis TA. Bayesian methods for data analysis. 3rd ed. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC Press; 2009.
25. Katon WJ, Von Korff M, Lin EH, et al. The Pathways Study: a randomized trial of collaborative care in patients with diabetes and depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2004;61(10):1042-9. (Pubitemid 39336538)
26. Pyne JM, Fortney JC, Curran GM, et al. Effectiveness of collaborative care for depression in human immunodeficiency virus clinics. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(1):23-31. This randomized controlled trial of a collaborative care treatment model for depression and HIV in VA facilities (the HITIDES intervention) demonstrated improvements in depression and HIV-related symptomatology but not HIV medication adherence.
27. Katon WJ, Lin EH, Von Korff M, et al. Collaborative care for patients with depression and chronic illnesses. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(27):2611-20.
28. O'Connor EA, Whitlock EP, Beil TL, Gaynes BN. Screening for depression in adult patients in primary care settings: a systematic evidence review. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(11):793-803. This review argues in favor of routine screening for depression in primary care settings.
29. Screening for depression in adults: U.S. preventive services task force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151(11):784-792.
30. Thombs BD, Coyne JC, Cuijpers P, et al. Rethinking recommendations for screening for depression in primary care. CMAJ. 2009;184(4):413-8. This review identifies concerns with routine screening for depression in primary care. This review identifies concerns with routine screening for depression in primary care
31. Rost K, Nutting P, Smith J, et al. Improving depression outcomes in community primary care practice: a randomized trial of the quEST intervention. Quality Enhancement by Strategic Teaming. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(3):143-9. (Pubitemid 34208867)
32. Wells KB, Sherbourne C, Schoenbaum M, et al. Impact of disseminating quality improvement programs for depression in managed primary care: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000;283(2):212-20. (Pubitemid 30039221)
33. Whooley MA, Stone B, Soghikian K. Randomized trial of casefinding for depression in elderly primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2000;15(5):293-300. (Pubitemid 30333826)
34. Callahan CM, Hendrie HC, Dittus RS, et al. Improving treatment of late life depression in primary care: a randomized clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1994;42(8):839-46. (Pubitemid 24249280)
35. Bergus GR, Hartz AJ, Noyes Jr. R, et al. The limited effect of screening for depressive symptoms with the PHQ-9 in rural family practices. J Rural Health Fall. 2005;21(4):303-9. (Pubitemid 41346044)
36. Jarjoura D, Polen A, Baum E, et al. Effectiveness of screening and treatment for depression in ambulatory indigent patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2004;19(1):78-84. (Pubitemid 38221955)
37. Bosmans J, de Bruijne M, van Hout H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a disease management program for major depression in elderly primary care patients. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(10):1020-6. (Pubitemid 44337729)
38. Rubenstein LZ, Alessi CA, Josephson KR, et al. A randomized trial of a screening, case finding, and referral system for older veterans in primary care. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2007;55(2):166-74. (Pubitemid 46184390)
39. Anderson IM. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors versus tricyclic antidepressants: a meta-analysis of efficacy and tolerability. J Affect Disord. 2000;58(1):19-36. (Pubitemid 30173208)
40. Arroll B, Macgillivray S, Ogston S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs compared with placebo for treatment of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2005;3(5):449-56. (Pubitemid 41512663)
41. Beasley Jr. CM, Nilsson ME, Koke SC, Gonzales JS. Efficacy, adverse events, and treatment discontinuations in fluoxetine clinical studies of major depression: a meta-analysis of the 20-mg/day dose. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61(10):722-8.
42. Gartlehner G, Hansen RA, Thieda P, et al. Comparative Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antidepressants in the Pharmacologic Treatment of Adult Depression. Rockville (MD)2007.
43. MacGillivray S, Arroll B, Hatcher S, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors compared with tricyclic antidepressants in depression treated in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2003;326(7397):1014.
44. Mottram P, Wilson K, Strobl J. Antidepressants for depressed elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006(1):CD003491.
45. Mulrow CD, Williams Jr. JW, Chiquette E, et al. Efficacy of newer medications for treating depression in primary care patients. Am J Med. 2000;108(1):54-64. (Pubitemid 30058278)
46. Williams Jr. JW,Mulrow CD, Chiquette E, et al. A systematic review of newer pharmacotherapies for depression in adults: evidence report summary. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132(9):743-56. (Pubitemid 30244176)
47. Gilbody S, Bower P, Fletcher J, et al. Collaborative care for depression: a cumulative meta-analysis and review of longerterm outcomes. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166(21):2314-21. (Pubitemid 44833355)
48. Mitchell AJ. Clinical utility of screening for clinical depression and bipolar disorder. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2012;25(1):24-31.
49. Williams Jr. JW, Pignone M, Ramirez G, Perez Stellato C. Identifying depression in primary care: a literature synthesis of case-finding instruments. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2002;24 (4):225-37. (Pubitemid 34718149)
50. Benedetti F, Lanotte M, Lopiano L, Colloca L. When words are painful: unraveling the mechanisms of the nocebo effect. Neuroscience. 2007;147(2):260-71. (Pubitemid 46907442)
51. Mora MS, Nestoriuc Y, Rief W. Lessons learned from placebo groups in antidepressant trials. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2011;366(572):1879- 88.
52. Bing EG, BurnamMA, Longshore D, et al. Psychiatric disorders and drug use among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adults in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58(8):721-8. (Pubitemid 32717795)
53. Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, Clouse RE, Lustman PJ. The prevalence of comorbid depression in adults with diabetes: a metaanalysis. Diabetes Care. 2001;24(6):1069-78. (Pubitemid 33716379)
54. Hedayati SS, Minhajuddin AT, Toto RD, et al. Prevalence of major depressive episode in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;54(3):424-32.
55. Lippi G, Montagnana M, Favaloro EJ, Franchini M. Mental depression and cardiovascular disease: a multifaceted, bidirectional association. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2009;35(3):325-36.
56. Asch SM, Kilbourne AM, Gifford AL, et al. Underdiagnosis of depression in HIV: who are we missing? J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(6):450-60. (Pubitemid 36836674)
57. Katon WJ, Simon G, Russo J, et al. Quality of depression care in a population-based sample of patients with diabetes and major depression. Med Care. 2004;42(12):1222-9. (Pubitemid 39627299)
58. Hedayati SS, Minhajuddin AT, Afshar M, et al. Association between major depressive episodes in patients with chronic kidney disease and initiation of dialysis, hospitalization, or death. JAMA. 2010;303(19):1946-53.
59. Mugavero M, Ostermann J, Whetten K, et al. Barriers to antiretroviral adherence: the importance of depression, abuse, and other traumatic events. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2006;20(6):418-28. (Pubitemid 43993096)
60. Leserman J. Role of depression, stress, and trauma in HIV disease progression. Psychosom Med. 2008;70(5):539-45.
61. De Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE, et al. Association of depression and diabetes complications: a meta-analysis. Psychosom Med. 2001;63(4):619-30. (Pubitemid 32695143)
62. Lustman PJ, Anderson RJ, Freedland KE, et al. Depression and poor glycemic control: a meta-analytic review of the literature. Diabetes Care. 2000;23(7):934-42. (Pubitemid 30480020)
63. Bush DE, Ziegelstein RC, Patel UV, et al. Post-myocardial infarction depression. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2005 (123):1-8.
64. Gaynes BN, Rush AJ, Trivedi MH, et al. Primary versus specialty care outcomes for depressed outpatientsmanaged withmeasurementbased care: results from STAR*D. J Gen Intern Med. 2008;23 (5):551-60.