Imaging of anal carcinoma

American Journal of Roentgenology

Volumn 199, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

  Kochhar, Rohit ^a   Plumb, Andrew A ^a   Carrington, Bernadette M ^a   Saunders, Mark ^a  

^a CHRISTIE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anal carcinoma; MRI; PET CT

Indexed keywords

FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18;

ANUS CARCINOMA; CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY; CANCER STAGING; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CLINICAL FEATURE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; IMAGING SYSTEM; INTESTINE RADIOGRAPHY; LYMPH NODE BIOPSY; LYMPH NODE METASTASIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIMARY TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT CANCER; REVIEW; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ANUS NEOPLASMS; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY; ENDOSCOPY, GASTROINTESTINAL; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F18; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEOPLASM RECURRENCE, LOCAL; POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; PROGNOSIS; RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS;

EID: 84865575283     PISSN: 0361803X     EISSN: 15463141     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2214/AJR.11.8027     Document Type: Review

References (45)

1. Uronis HE, Bendell JC. Anal cancer: an overview. Oncologist 2007; 12:524-534 (Pubitemid 350012115)
2. Roach SC, Hulse PA, Moulding FJ, Wilson R, Carrington BM. Magnetic resonance imaging of anal cancer. Clin Radiol 2005; 60:1111-1119 (Pubitemid 41372366)
3. Koh DM, Dzik-Jurasz A, O'Neill B, Tait D, Husband JE, Brown G. Pelvic phased-array MR imaging of anal carcinoma before and after chemoradiation. Br J Radiol 2008; 81:91-98 (Pubitemid 351294205)
4. Goh V, Gollub FK, Liaw J, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal before and after chemoradiation: can MRI predict for eventual clinical outcome? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 78:715-721
5. Grigsby PW. FDG-PET/CT: new horizons in anal cancer. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 2009; 33:456-458
6. Edge S, Byrd D, Compton C, Fritz A, Greene F, Trotti A, eds. AJCC cancer staging manual, 7th ed. 2010
7. Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin 2010; 60:277-300 [Erratum in CA Cancer J Clin 2011; 61:133-134]
8. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Website. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, et al., eds. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2008. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975-2008/. Accessed June 5, 2011
9. Daling JR, Madeleine MM, Johnson LG, et al. Human papillomavirus, smoking, and sexual practices in the etiology of anal cancer. Cancer 2004; 101:270-280 (Pubitemid 38890829)
10. Palefsky JM. Human papillomavirus infection and anogenital neoplasia in human immunodeficiency virus-positive men and women. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 1998; 23:15-20
11. Johnson LG, Madeleine MM, Newcomer LM, Schwartz SM, Daling JR. Anal cancer incidence and survival: the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results experience, 1973-2000. Cancer 2004; 101:281-288 (Pubitemid 38890830)
12. Chiao EY, Giordano TP, Richardson P, El-Serag HB. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated squamous cell cancer of the anus: epidemiology and outcomes in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:474-479 (Pubitemid 351171702)
13. Daling JR, Sherman KJ, Hislop TG, et al. Cigarette smoking and the risk of anogenital cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1992; 135:180-189
14. Ryan DP, Compton CC, Mayer RJ. Carcinoma of the anal canal. N Engl J Med 2000; 342:792-800 (Pubitemid 30151924)
15. Otto SD, Lee L, Buhr HJ, Frericks B, Höcht S, Kroesen AJ. Staging anal cancer: prospective comparison of transanal endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. J Gastrointest Surg 2009; 13:1292-1298
16. James R, Meadows H, Wan S. ACT II: the second UK phase III anal cancer trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2005; 17:364-366 (Pubitemid 40932110)
17. Eng C. Anal cancer: current and future methodology. Cancer Invest 2006; 24:535-544 (Pubitemid 44576408)
18. Das P, Bhatia S, Eng C, et al. Predictors and patterns of recurrence after definitive chemoradiation for anal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007; 68:794-800 (Pubitemid 46818735)
19. Huang K, Haas-Kogan D, Weinberg V, Krieg R. Higher radiation dose with a shorter treatment duration improves outcome for locally advanced carcinoma of anal canal. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:895-900 (Pubitemid 46470300)
20. Svensson C, Kaigas M, Goldman S. Induction chemotherapy with carboplatin and 5-fluorouracil in combination with radiotherapy in loco-regionally advanced epidermoid carcinoma of the anus: preliminary results. Int J Colorectal Dis 1992; 7:122-124
21. Glynne-Jones R, Northover JMA, Cervantes A; ESMO Guidelines Working Group. Anal cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010; 21(suppl 5):v87-v92
22. Bipat S, Glas AS, Slors FJM, Zwinderman AH, Bossuyt PMM, Stoker J. Rectal cancer: local staging and assessment of lymph node involvement with endoluminal US, CT, and MR imaging-a meta-analysis. Radiology 2004; 232:773-783 (Pubitemid 39100263)
23. Engstrom PF, Arnoletti JP, Benson AB 3rd, et al. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: anal carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2010; 8:106-120
24. Salerno G, Daniels I, Heald RJ, Brown G, Moran BJ. Management and imaging of low rectal carcinoma. Surg Oncol 2004; 13:55-61 (Pubitemid 39572079)
25. Matsuoka H, Nakamura A, Masaki T, et al. Comparison between endorectal coil and pelvic phasedarray coil magnetic resonance imaging in patients with anorectal tumor. Am J Surg 2003; 185:328-332 (Pubitemid 36351471)
26. Raghunathan G, Mortele KJ. Magnetic resonance imaging of anorectal neoplasms. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009; 7:379-388
27. Krengli M, Milia ME, Turri L, et al. FDG-PET/CT imaging for staging and target volume delineation in conformal radiotherapy of anal carcinoma. Radiat Oncol 2010; 5:10
28. de Winton E, Heriot AG, Ng M, et al. The impact of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography on the staging, management and outcome of anal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:693-700
29. Nguyen BT, Joon DL, Khoo V, et al. Assessing the impact of FDG-PET in the management of anal cancer. Radiother Oncol 2008; 87:376-382
30. Esen G. Ultrasound of superficial lymph nodes. Eur J Radiol 2006; 58:345-359 (Pubitemid 43729061)
31. Damin DC, Rosito MA, Gus P, et al. Sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: early experience. Dis Colon Rectum 2003; 46:1032-1037 (Pubitemid 36992984)
32. de Jong JS, Beukema JC, van Dam GM, Slart R, Lemstra C, Wiggers T. Limited value of staging squamous cell carcinoma of the anal margin and canal using the sentinel lymph node procedure: a prospective study with long-term follow-up. Ann Surg Oncol 2010; 17:2656-2662
33. Ulmer C, Bembenek A, Gretschel S, et al. Refined staging by sentinel lymph node biopsy to individualize therapy in anal cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2004; 11(suppl):259S-262S
34. Rabbitt P, Pathma-Nathan N, Collinson T, Hewett P, Rieger N. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. ANZ J Surg 2002; 72:651-654
35. Péley G, Farkas E, Sinkovics I, et al. Inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy for staging anal cancer. Scand J Surg 2002; 91:336-338 (Pubitemid 36142786)
36. Schlienger M, Krzisch C, Pene F, et al. Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal treatment results and prognostic variables in a series of 242 cases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1989; 17:1141-1151 (Pubitemid 20028629)
37. Chapet O, Gerard JP, Riche B, Alessio A, Mornex F, Romestaing P. Prognostic value of tumor regression evaluated after first course of radiotherapy for anal canal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005; 63:1316-1324 (Pubitemid 41628024)
38. [No authors listed]. Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR randomised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin - UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party, UK Co-ordinating Committee on Cancer Research. Lancet 1996; 348:1049-1054
39. Grabenbauer GG, Kessler H, Matzel KE, Sauer R, Hohenberger W, Schneider IHF. Tumor site predicts outcome after radiochemotherapy in squamous- cell carcinoma of the anal region: long-term results of 101 patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48:1742-1751 (Pubitemid 41243129)
40. Schwarz JK, Siegel BA, Dehdashti F, Myerson RJ, Fleshman JW, Grigsby PW. Tumor response and survival predicted by post-therapy FDG-PET/CT in anal cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2008; 71:180-186 (Pubitemid 351492591)
41. Heriot AG, Day FL, Link E, et al. Utility of post-treatment FDG-PET in predicting outcomes in anal cancer managed with chemoradiotherapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology: 2010 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings 2010; 28(suppl May 20):4105
42. Akbari RP, Paty PB, Guillem JG, et al. Oncologic outcomes of salvage surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the anus initially managed with combined modality therapy. Dis Colon Rectum 2004; 47:1136-1144 (Pubitemid 38857060)
43. Ghouti L, Houvenaeghel G, Moutardier V, et al. Salvage abdominoperineal resection after failure of conservative treatment in anal epidermoid cancer. Dis Colon Rectum 2005; 48:16-22 (Pubitemid 40895652)
44. Myerson RJ, Kong F, Birnbaum EH, et al. Radiation therapy for epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal, clinical and treatment factors associated with outcome. Radiother Oncol 2001; 61:15-22 (Pubitemid 32913457)
45. Touboul E, Schlienger M, Buffat L, et al. Epidermoid carcinoma of the anal canal: results of curative-intent radiation therapy in a series of 270 patients. Cancer 1994; 73:1569-1579 (Pubitemid 24085255)