Damage in step-overs may enable large cascading earthquakes

Geophysical Research Letters

Volumn 39, Issue 16, 2012, Pages

  Finzi, Y ^a   Langer, S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FAULTING; IGNITION; INTERFACES (MATERIALS);

ACCUMULATED DAMAGE; EARTHQUAKE MAGNITUDES; EARTHQUAKE SIMULATION; FAULT SEGMENTATION; MATERIAL INTERFACES; MATERIAL PROPERTY; RE-EVALUATION; RUPTURE LENGTH; RUPTURE PROPAGATION; SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS; STEP-OVERS;

EARTHQUAKES;

EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE; EARTHQUAKE EVENT; EARTHQUAKE RUPTURE; FAULT ZONE; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HISTORICAL RECORD; NUMERICAL MODEL; RIGIDITY;

EID: 84865517053     PISSN: 00948276     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012GL052436     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Ampuero, J.-P., and Y. Ben-Zion (2008), Cracks, pulses and macroscopic asymmetry of dynamic rupture on a bimaterial interface with velocity-weakening friction, Geophys. J. Int., 173(2), 674-692, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03736. x.
2. Antolik, M., R. E. Abercrombie, and G. Ekström (2004), The 14 November 2001 Kokoxili (Kunlunshan), Tibet, earthquake: Rupture transfer through a large extensional step-over, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 94(4), 1173-1194, doi:10.1785/012003180. (Pubitemid 39437299)
3. Ben-Zion, Y., and C. G. Sammis (2003), Characterization of fault zones, Pure Appl. Geophys., 160(3), 677-715, doi:10.1007/PL00012554. (Pubitemid 36073292)
4. Bilham, R. (2005), A flying start, then a slow slip, Science, 308(5725), 1126-1127, doi:10.1126/science.1113363. (Pubitemid 40696424)
5. Cocco, M., and J. R. Rice (2002), Pore pressure and poroelasticity effects in Coulomb stress analysis of earthquake interactions, J. Geophys. Res., 107(B2), 2030, doi:10.1029/2000JB000138.
6. Cochran, E. S., Y.-G. Li, P. M. Shearer, S. Barbot, Y. Fialko, and J. E. Vidale (2009), Seismic and geodetic evidence for extensive, long-lived fault damage zones, Geology, 37(4), 315-318, doi:10.1130/G25306A.1.
7. Duan, B., and S. M. Day (2008), Inelastic strain distribution and seismic radiation from rupture of a fault kink, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B12311, doi:10.1029/2008JB005847.
8. Duan, B., and D. D. Oglesby (2005), Multicycle dynamics of non-planar strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B03304, doi:10.1029/2004JB003298. (Pubitemid 40959091)
9. Duan, B., and D. D. Oglesby (2006), Heterogeneous fault stresses from previous earthquakes and the effect on dynamics of parallel strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 111, B05309, doi:10.1029/2005JB004138.
10. Finzi, Y., E. H. Hearn, Y. Ben-Zion, and V. Lyakhovsky (2009), Structural properties and deformation patterns of evolving strike-slip faults: Numerical simulations incorporating damage rheology, Pure Appl. Geophys., 166, 1537-1573, doi:10.1007/s00024-009-0522-1.
11. Finzi, Y., E. H. Hearn, V. Lyakhovsky, and L. Gross (2011), Fault-zone healing effectiveness and the structural evolution of strike-slip fault systems, Geophys. J. Int., 186, 963-970.
12. Finzi, Y., H. Muhlhaus, L. Gross, and A. Amirbekyan (2012), Shear band formation in numerical simulations applying a continuum damage rhe-ology model, Pure Appl. Geophys., doi:10.1007/s00024-012-0463-y, in press.
13. Geuzaine, C., and J.-F. Remacle (2009), Gmsh: A 3-D finite element mesh generator with built-in pre-and post-processing facilities, Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 79(11), 1309-1331, doi:10.1002/nme.2579.
14. Gomberg, J., P. Bodin, K. Larson, and H. Dragert (2004), Earthquake nucleation by transient deformations caused by the m = 7.9 Denali, Alaska, earthquake, Nature, 427, 621-624. (Pubitemid 38248478)
15. Gross, L., L. Bourgouin, A. J. Hale, and H. B. Muhlhaus (2007), Interface modeling in incompressible media using level sets in Escript, Phys. Earth Planet. Inter., 163, 23-34, doi:10.1016/j.pepi.2007.04.004. (Pubitemid 47250418)
16. Hamiel, Y., V. Lyakhovsky, and A. Agnon (2005), Poroelastic damage rheology: Dilation, compaction, and failure of rocks, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 6, Q01008, doi:10.1029/2004GC000813.
17. Hamiel, Y., O. Katz, V. Lyakhovsky, Z. Reches, and Y. Fialko (2006), Stable and unstable damage evolution in rocks with implications to fracturing of granite, Geophys. J. Int., 167, 1005-1016, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03126. x. (Pubitemid 44697455)
18. Harris, R. A., and S. M. Day (1993), Dynamics of fault interaction: Parallel strike-slip faults, J. Geophys. Res., 98(B3), 4461-4472, doi:10.1029/92JB02272. (Pubitemid 23391333)
19. Harris, R. A. and S. M. Day (1999), Dynamic 3D simulations of earthquakes on En Echelon Faults, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(14), 2089-2092, doi:10.1029/1999GL900377.
20. Harris, R. A., R. J. Archuleta, and S. M. Day (1991), Fault steps and the dynamic rupture process: 2-D numerical simulations of a spontaneously propagating shear fracture, Geophys. Res. Lett., 18(5), 893-896, doi:10.1029/91GL01061.
21. Harris, R. A., F. D. Dolan, R. Hartleb, and S. M. Day (2002), The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 92, 245-255, doi:10.1785/0120000825. (Pubitemid 34476190)
22. Hill, D. P., et al. (1993), Seismicity remotely triggered by the magnitude 7.3 Landers, California, earthquake., Science, 260(5114), 1617-1623, doi:10.1126/science.260.5114.1617. (Pubitemid 23394191)
23. Hok, S., M. Campillo, F. Cotton, P. Favreau, and I. Ionescu (2010), Off-fault plasticity favors the arrest of dynamic ruptures on strength heterogeneity: Two-dimensional cases, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02306, doi:10.1029/2009GL041888.
24. Kim, Y.-S., D. C. P. Peacock, and D. J. Sanderson (2004), Fault damage zones, J. Struct. Geol., 26(3), 503-517, doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2003.08.002. (Pubitemid 38171723)
25. Langer, S., L. M. Olsen-Kettle, D. K. Weatherley, L. Gross, and H.-B. Mühlhaus (2010), Numerical studies of quasi-static tectonic loading and dynamic rupture of bi-material interfaces, Concurrency Comput. Pract. Exper., 22(12), 1684-1702, doi:10.1002/cpe.1540.
26. Langer, S., L. Olsen-Kettle, and D. Weatherley (2012), Identification of supershear transition mechanisms due to material contrast at bimaterial faults, Geophys. J. Int., doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05535.x, in press.
27. Lay, T. (2011), Earthquakes: A Chilean surprise, Nature, 471, 174-175, doi:10.1038/471174a.
28. Lyakhovsky, V., and Y. Ben-Zion (2008), Scaling relations of earthquakes and aseismic deformation in a damage rheology model, Geophys. J. Int., 172, 651-662, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03652.x.
29. Lyakhovsky, V., Y. Ben-Zion, and A. Agnon (1997), Distributed damage, faulting, and friction, J. Geophys. Res., 102(B12), 27,635-27,649, doi:10.1029/97JB01896.
30. Ma, S., and D. J. Andrews (2010), Inelastic off-fault response and three-dimensional dynamics of earthquake rupture on a strike-slip fault, J. Geophys. Res., 115, B04304, doi:10.1029/2009JB006382.
31. Ma, S., and G. C. Beroza (2008), Rupture dynamics on a bimaterial interface for dipping faults, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 98(4), 1642-1658, doi:10.1785/0120070201.
32. Manighetti, I., G. King, and C. G. Sammis (2004), The role of off-fault damage in the evolution of normal faults, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 217(3-4), 399-408, doi:10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00601-0. (Pubitemid 38106845)
33. Manighetti, I., D. Zigone, M. Campillo, and F. Cotton (2009), Self-similarity of the largest-scale segmentation of the faults: Implications for earthquake behavior, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 288(3-4), 370-381, doi:10.1016/j. epsl.2009.09.040.
34. Nanjo, K. Z., D. L. Turcotte, and R. Shcherbakov (2005), A model of damage mechanics for the deformation of the continental crust, J. Geophys. Res., 110, B07403, doi:10.1029/2004JB003438. (Pubitemid 41358552)
35. Oglesby, D. D. (2005), The dynamics of strike-slip step-overs with linking dip-slip faults, Bull. Seismol. Soc. Am., 95(5), 1604-1622, doi:10.1785/0120050058. (Pubitemid 41694016)
36. Olsen, K. B., R. Madariaga, and R. J. Archuleta (1997), Three-dimensional dynamic simulation of the 1992 Landers earthquake, Science, 278, 834-838, doi:10.1126/science.278.5339.834. (Pubitemid 27467915)
37. Olsen-Kettle, L. M., D. Weatherley, E. Saez, L. Gross, H.-B. Mühlhaus, and H. L. Xing (2008), Analysis of slip-weakening frictional laws with static restrengthening and their implications on the scaling, asymmetry, and mode of dynamic rupture on homogeneous and bimaterial interfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 113, B08307, doi:10.1029/2007JB005454.
38. Shen, Z. K., et al. (2009), Slip maxima at fault junctions and rupturing of barriers during the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Nat. Geosci., 2(10), 718-724.
39. Shipton, Z. K., J. P. Evans, R. E. Abercrombie, and E. E. Brodsky (2006), The missing sinks: Slip localization in faults, damage zones, and the seismic energy budget, in Earthquakes: Radiated Energy and the Physics of Faulting, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 170, edited by R. Abercrombie et al., pp. 217-222, AGU, Washington, D. C.
40. Sparkes, R., F. Tilmann, N. Hovius, and J. Hillier (2010), Subducted sea-floor relief stops rupture in south american great earthquakes: Implications for rupture behaviour in the 2010 Maule, Chile earthquake, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 298(1-2), 89-94.
41. Stein, S., and E. Okal (2011), The size of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake needn't have been a surprise, Eos Trans. AGU, 92, 227.
42. Wesnousky, S. G. (2006), Predicting the endpoints of earthquake ruptures, Nature, 444(7117), 358-360, doi:10.1038/nature05275. (Pubitemid 44764109)
43. Xu, X., W. Chen, W. Ma, G. Yu, and G. Chen (2002), Surface rupture of the Kunlunshan earthquake (ms 8.1), northern Tibetan Plateau, China, Seismol. Res. Lett., 73(6), 884-892, doi:10.1785/gssrl.73.6.884. (Pubitemid 36006250)