Homophobia and the Transition to Adulthood: A Three Year Panel Study among Belgian Late Adolescents and Young Adults, 2008-2011

Journal of Youth and Adolescence

Volumn 41, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1197-1207

  Hooghe, Marc ^a   Meeusen, Cecil ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Adolescents; Belgium; Conditional change models; Gender roles; Homophobia; Panel research; Prejudice; Social dominance orientation; Young adulthood

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BELGIUM; FEMALE; FEMININITY; GENDER IDENTITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; MALE; MASCULINITY; PEER GROUP; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY; SOCIAL SUPPORT;

ADOLESCENT; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; BELGIUM; FEMALE; FEMININITY; GENDER IDENTITY; HOMOSEXUALITY; HUMANS; INTERGENERATIONAL RELATIONS; MALE; MASCULINITY; PEER GROUP; PREJUDICE; SOCIAL IDENTIFICATION; SOCIAL SUPPORT; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84865439888     PISSN: 00472891     EISSN: 15736601     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-012-9786-3     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Aboud, F. E. (1988). Children and prejudice. New York: Blackwell.
2. Amato, P. R., & Booth, A. (1995). Changes in gender role attitudes and perceived marital quality. American Sociological Review, 60(1), 58-66.
3. Andrew, M., & Hauser, R. (2011). Adoption? Adaption? Evaluating the formation of education expectations. Social Forces, 90(2), 497-520.
4. Asbrock, F., Sibley, C., & Duckitt, J. (2010). Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation and the dimensions of generalized prejudice: A longitudinal test. European Journal of Personality, 24(4), 324-340.
5. Baker, J. G., & Fishbein, H. D. (1998). The development of prejudice towards gays and lesbians by adolescents. Journal of Homosexuality, 36(1), 89-100.
6. Berrington, A., Smith, P. W. F., & Sturgis, P. (2006). An overview of methods for the analysis of panel data. ESRC National Centre for Research Methods Briefing Paper.
7. Bigler, R. S., & Liben, L. S. (2007). Developmental intergroup theory. Explaining and reducing children's social stereotyping and prejudice. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 162-166.
8. Black, B., Oles, T. P., & Moore, L. (1998). The relationship between attitudes: Homophobia and sexism among social work students. Affilia, 13, 166-189.
9. Bobo, L., & Licari, F. (1989). Education and political tolerance. Testing the effects of cognitive sophistication and target group affect. Public Opinion Quarterly, 53(3), 285-308.
10. Collier, K., Bos, H., & Sandfort, Th. (forthcoming). Intergroup contact, attitudes toward homosexuality, and the role of acceptance of gender non-conformity in young adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, in press.
11. Duncan, S. C., Duncan, T. E., & Strycker, L. A. (2000). Risk and protective factors influencing adolescent problem behavior: A multivariate latent growth curve analysis. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 22, 103-109.
12. ESS (2012). European Social Survey. Retrieved from http://www. europeansocialsurvey. org/.
13. Finkel, S. E. (1995). Causal analysis with panel data. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
14. Finlay, B., & Walther, C. S. (2003). The relation of religious affiliation, service attendance, and other factors to homophobic attitudes among university students. Review of Religious Research, 44(4), 370-393.
15. Heinze, J., & Horn, S. (2009). Intergroup contact and beliefs about homosexuality in adolescence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38(7), 937-951.
16. Herek, G. M., & Capitanio, J. P. (1996). "Some of my best friends": Intergroup contact, concealable stigma, and heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 412-424.
17. Herek, G. M., & Glunt, E. K. (1993). Interpersonal contact and heterosexuals' attitudes toward gay men: Results from a national survey. Journal of Sex Research, 30(3), 239-244.
18. Hodson, G., Harry, H., & Mitchell, A. (2009). Independent benefits of contact and friendship on attitudes toward homosexuals among authoritarians and highly identified heterosexuals. European Journal of Social Psychology, 39, 509-525.
19. Hooghe, M. (2011). The impact of gendered friendship patterns on the prevalence of homophobia among Belgian late adolescents. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 543-550.
20. Hooghe, M., Claes, E., Harell, A., Quintelier, E., & Dejaeghere, Y. (2010). Anti-gay sentiment among adolescents in Belgium and Canada. A comparative investigation into the role of gender and religion. Journal of Homosexuality, 57(3), 384-400.
21. Hooghe, M., Havermans, N., Quintelier, E., & Dassonneville, R. (2011). Belgian political panel survey (BPPS), 2006-2011. Technical report. KU Leuven: Leuven.
22. Hoover, R., & Fishbein, H. (1999). The development of prejudice and sex role stereotyping in white adolescents and white young adults. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 20(3), 431-448.
23. Horn, S. (2006). Heterosexual adolescents' and young adults' beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality and gay and lesbian peers. Cognitive Development, 21(4), 420-440.
24. Horn, S. (2007). Adolescents' acceptance of same-sex peers based on sexual orientation and gender expression. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(3), 363-371.
25. Jennings, M. K., & Niemi, R. G. (1981). Generations and politics. A panel study of young adults and their parents. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
26. Kimmel, M. S., & Mahler, M. (2003). Adolescent masculinity, homophobia, and violence-random school shootings, 1982-2001. American Behavioral Scientist, 46(10), 1439-1458.
27. Kite, M. E., & Whitley, B. E. (1996). Sex differences in attitudes toward homosexual persons, behaviors, and civil rights: A meta-analysis. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 336-352.
28. Kunkel, L. E., & Temple, L. L. (1992). Attitudes towards AIDS and homosexuals: Gender, marital status and religion. Journal of Applied Psychology, 22(13), 1030-1040.
29. Lewis, A., & White, J. (2009). The defense mechanisms of homophobic adolescent males. Journal of Adolescence, 32, 435-441.
30. Marsiglio, W. (1993). Attitudes toward homosexual activity and gays as friends: A national survey of heterosexual 15- to 19-year-old males. Journal of Sex Research, 30(1), 12-17.
31. Mata, J., Ghavami, N., & Wittig, M. (2010). Understanding gender differences in early adolescents' sexual prejudice. Journal of Early Adolescence, 30(1), 50-75.
32. Oransky, M., & Marecek, J. (2009). I'm not going to be a girl. Masculinity and emotions in boys' friendships and peer groups. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24, 218-241.
33. Poteat, V. P., & Anderson, C. J. (forthcoming). Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: The effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Developmental Psychology, in press.
34. Poteat, V. P., & Espelage, D. L. (2007). Predicting psychosocial consequences of homophobic victimization in middle school students. Journal of Early Adolescence, 27(2), 175-191.
35. Poteat, V. P., Espelage, D. L., & Koenig, B. W. (2009). Willingness to remain friends and attend school with lesbian and gay peers: relational expressions of prejudice among heterosexual youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 38, 952-962.
36. Pratto, F., Sidanius, J., Stallworth, L. M., & Malle, B. F. (1994). Social dominance orientation: A personality variable predicting social and political attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 67(4), 741-763.
37. Sakalh, N., & Ugurlu, O. (2002). Effects of social contact with homosexuals on heterosexual Turkish university students' attitudes towards homosexuality. Journal of Homosexuality, 42(1), 53-62.
38. Smith, S. J., Axelton, A. M., & Saucier, D. A. (2009). The effects of contact on sexual prejudice: a meta-analysis. Sex Roles, 61, 178-191.
39. Stevens, L., & Hooghe, M. (2003). The detraditionalisation of the regulation of sexuality and intimacy in Belgium (1973-2003). International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 31(2), 131-151.
40. Štulhofer, A., & Rimac, I. (2009). Determinants of homonegativity in Europe. Journal of Sex Research, 46(1), 24-32.
41. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J. C. (1986). The social identity theory of inter-group behavior. In S. Worchel & L. W. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations (pp. 7-24). Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
42. Taris, T. W. (2000). A primer in longitudinal data. London: Sage.
43. Trevino, K. M., Desai, K., Lauricella, S., Pargament, K. I., & Mahoney, A. (2012). Perceptions of lesbian and gay (LG) individuals as desecrators of Christianity as predictors of anti-LG attitudes. Journal of Homosexuality, 59(4), 535-563.
44. van de Ven, P. (1994). Comparisons among homophobic reaction of undergraduates, high school students, and young offenders. Journal of Sex Research, 31(2), 117-124.
45. van den Akker, H., van der Ploeg, R., & Scheepers, P. (2012). Disapproval of homosexuality: Comparative research on individual and national determinants of disapproval of homosexuality in 20 European countries. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, in press.
46. Whitley, B. E. (2009). Religiosity and attitudes toward lesbians and gay men: A meta-analysis. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 19(1), 21-38.
47. Whitley, B. E., & Lee, S. E. (2000). The relationship of authoritarianism and related constructs to attitudes toward homosexuality. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 30(1), 144-170.
48. Wright, L. W., Adams, H. E., & Bernat, J. (1999). Development and validation of the Homophobia Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 21(4), 337-347.