Democratic representation and the constituency paradox

Perspectives on Politics

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 599-616

  Disch, Lisa ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84865328676     PISSN: 15375927     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1537592712001636     Document Type: Review

References (176)

1. Achen, Christopher H. 1975. "Mass Political Attitudes and the Survey Response." American Political Science Review 69(4): 1218-31.
2. American Political Science Association Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy. 2004. "American Democracyin an Age of Rising Inequality." Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.
3. Austin, J.L. 1979 [1961]. Philosophical Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
4. Bachrach, Peter, and Morton S. Baratz. 1962. "Two Faces of Power." American Political Science Review 56(4): 947-52.
5. Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. New York and Princeton: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press.
6. Block, Fred, and Frances Fox Piven. 2010. "'Déjà vu All Over Again': A Comment on Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson's 'Winner-Take-All Politics.'" Politics and Society 38(2): 205-11.
7. Brandolini, Andrea. 2010. "Political Economy and the Mechanics of Politics." Politics and Society 38(2): 212-26.
8. Brennan, Geoffrey, and Alan Hamlin. 1999. "On Political Representation." British Journal of Political Science 29(1): 109-27.
9. Brown, Mark. 2009. Science in Democracy: Expertise, Institutions, and Representation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
10. Campbell, Andrea. 2005. How Policies Make Citizens: Senior Political Activism and the American Welfare State. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
11. -. 2010. "The Public's Role in Winner-Take-All Politics." Politics and Society 38(2): 227-32.
12. Chong, Dennis, and James R. Druckman. 2007. "Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies." American Political Science Review 101(4): 637-55.
13. Cohen, Robert. 2009. Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.
14. Cohen, Robert, and Reginald Zelnick, eds. 2002. The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s. Berkeley: University of California Press.
15. Connolly, William E. 1969. The Bias of Pluralism. NY: Atherton Press.
16. Derrida, Jacques. 1973 [1967]. Speech and Phenomena. Trans. David B. Allison. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
17. Derrida, Jacques. 1982. Margins of Philosophy. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
18. Dionne, E.J. 1991. Why Americans Hate Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster.
19. Druckman, James N. 2010. "What's It All About? Framing in Political Science." In Perspectives on Framing, ed. Gideon Keren. NewYork: Psychology Press/ Taylor and Francis.
20. Edsall, Thomas B., with Mary D. Edsall. 1991. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights and Taxes on American Politics. New York: Norton.
21. Euben, Peter. 1970. "Political Science and Political Silence." In Power and Community: Dissenting Essays in Political Science, ed. Philip Green and Sanford Levinson. New York: Pantheon Books.
22. Eulau, Heinz. 1967. "Changing Views of Representation." In Contemporary Political Science: Toward Empirical Theory, ed. Ithiel de Sola Pool. New York: McGraw Hill.
23. Eulau, Heinz, and Paul D. Karps. 1977. "The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying Components of Responsiveness." Legislative Studies Quarterly 2(3): 233-54.
24. Eulau, Heinz, John C. Wahlke, William Buchanan, and Leroy C. Ferguson. 1959. "The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke." American Political Science Review 53(3): 742-56.
25. Farr, James, and Raymond Seidelman, eds. 1993. Discipline and History: Political Science in the United States. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
26. Fiorina, Morris. 1974. Representatives, Roll Calls, and Constituencies. Lexington: Heath.
27. Frank, Thomas. 2004. What's the Matter with Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America. New York: Metropolitan books.
28. Gilens, Martin. 2005. "Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness." Public Opinion Quarterly 69(5): 778-96.
29. Gunnell, John G. 1993. The Descent of Political Theory: The Genealogy of an American Vocation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
30. Hacker, Jacob. 2004. "Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States." American Political Science Review 98(2): 243-60.
31. Hacker, Jacob S., and Paul Pierson. 2010. "Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organizations, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States." Politics & Society 38(2): 152-204.
32. Hansen, Susan B. 1975. "Participation, Political Structure, and Concurrence." American Political Science Review 69(4): 1181-99.
33. Isaac, Jeffrey C. 1987. "Beyond the Three Faces of Power: A Realist Critique." Polity 20(1): 4-31.
34. Jacobs, Lawrence R. 2010. "Democracy and Capitalism: Structure, Agency, and Organized Combat." Politics and Society 38(2): 243-54.
35. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Desmond King. 2009. The Unsustainable American State. New York: Oxford University Press.
36. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Benjamin I. Page. 2005. "Who Influences US Foreign Policy?" American Political Science Review 99(1): 107-23.
37. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Theda Skocpol, eds. 2005. Inequality and American Democracy: What We Know and What We Need to Learn. New York: Russell Sage.
38. Jewell, Malcolm. 1983. "Legislator-Constituency Relations and the Representative Process." Legislative Studies Quarterly 8(3): 303-37.
39. Kenworthy, Lance, and Jonas Pontusson. 2005. "Rising Inequality and the Politics of Redistribution in Affluent Countries." Perspectives on Politics 3(3): 449-71.
40. Kitchell, Mark. 1990. "Berkeley in the Sixties." Documentary. Director and producer M. Kitchell, cinematographer Stephen Lighthill, editor Veronica Selver. Kitchell Films and POV Theatrical Films.
41. Körösényi, András. 2009. "Beyond the Happy Consensus on Democratic Elitism." Comparative Sociology 8: 364-82.
42. Kuklinski, James H., and Gary M. Segura. 1995. "Endogeneity, Exogeneity, Time, and Space in Political Representation." Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(1): 3-21.
43. Kuklinski, James H., and John E. Stanga. 1979. "Political Participation and Government Responsiveness: The Behavior of the California Superior Courts." American Political Science Review 73(4): 1090-99.
44. Laclau, Ernesto. 1996. Emancipations. New York: Verso.
45. -. 2005. On Populist Reason. New York: Verso.
46. Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Sheldon Wolin, eds. 1965. The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations. Garden City: Anchor Books.
47. Lukes, Steven M. 1974. Power: A Radical View. London: Macmillan.
48. Lupia, Arthur. 1994. "Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections." American Political Science Review 88(1): 63-76.
49. Mansbridge, Jane J. 2003. "Rethinking Representation." American Political Science Review 97(4): 515-28.
50. Mathiowetz, Dean. 2011. Appeals to Interest: Language, Contestation and the Shaping of Political Agency. State College: Pennsylvania State University Press.
51. Mettler, Suzanne. 2010. "Reconstituting the Submerged State: The Challenges of Social Policy Reform in the Obama Era." Perspectives on Politics 8(3): 803-24.
52. -. 2011. The Submerged State: How Invisible Government Policies Undermine American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
53. Mettler, Suzanne, and Joe Soss. 2004. "The Consequences of Public Policy for Democratic Citizenship: Bridging Policy Studies and Mass Politics." Perspectives on Politics 2(1): 55-73.
54. Miller, W. E., and D. E. Stokes. 1963. "Constituency Influence in Congress." American Political Science Review 57(1): 45-56.
55. Mitchell, Timothy. 1991. Colonising Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
56. Muller, Edward N. 1970. "The Representation of Citizens by Political Authorities." American Political Science Review 64(4): 1149-66.
57. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
58. Page, Benjamin I., and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 2009. Class War? What Americans Really Think about Economic Inequality. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
59. Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
60. Peterson, Paul E. 1970. "Forms of Representation: Participation of the Poor in the Community Action Program." American Political Science Review 64(2): 491-507.
61. Phillips, Kevin. 1993. Boiling Point: Republicans, Democrats and the Decline of Middle-Class Prosperity. New York: Random House.
62. Pitkin, Hanna. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
63. -. 1993 [1975]. Wittgenstein and Justice. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
64. Prewitt, Kenneth, and Heinz Eulau. 1969. "Political Matrix and Political Representation: Prolegomenon to a New Departure from an Old Problem." American Political Science Review 63(2): 427-41.
65. Przeworski, Adam, Susan Stokes, and Bernard Manin. 1999. "Introduction." In Democracy, Accountability and Representation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
66. Rehfeld, Andrew. 2006. "Towards a General Theory of Political Representation." Journal of Politics 68(1): 1-21.
67. Rogowski, Ronald W. 1981. "Representation in Political Theory and in Law." Ethics 91(3): 395-430.
68. Rorabaugh, W.J. 1989. Berkeley at War: The 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.
69. Runciman, David. 2007. "The Paradox of Political Representation." Journal of Political Philosophy 15(1): 93-114.
70. Saward, Michael. 2006. "The Representative Claim." Contemporary Political Theory 5: 297-318.
71. -. 2010. The Representative Claim. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
72. Schattschneider, E.E. 1975 [1960]. The Semisovereign People. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
73. Searle, John. 1971. The Campus War: A Sympathetic Look at the University in Agony. New York: World Publishing Co.
74. Seidelman, Roy, and James Farr, ed. 1993. Discipline and History: Political Science in the United States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
75. Soss, Joe, Richard C. Fording, Sanford F. Schram. 2011. Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
76. Squires, Judith. 2008. "The Constitutive Representation of Gender: Extra-parliamentary Re-presentation of Gender Relations." Representation 44(2): 187-204.
77. Stepan, Al, and Juan J. Linz. 2011. "Comparative Perspectives on Inequality and the Quality of Democracy in the United States." Perspectives on Politics 9(4): 841-56.
78. Stimson, James A. 2009. "Perspectives on Unequal Democracy." Perspectives on Politics 7(1): 151-53.
79. Sunstein, Cass. 1991. "Preferences and Politics." Philosophy and Public Affairs 20(10): 3-34.
80. Urbinati, Nadia. 2006. RepresentativeDemocracy: Principles and Genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
81. Waddell, Brian. 2011. "Review Symposium: Class Politics, American-Style." Perspectives on Politics 9(3): 659-62.
82. Wahlke, John C. 1971. "Policy Demands and System Support: The Role of the Represented." British Journal of Political Science 1(3): 271-90.
83. Warren, Mark E., and Dario Castiglione. N.d. "Rethinking Democratic Representation: Eight Theoretical Issues." Unpublished manuscript. University of British Columbia, Canada.
84. Weissberg, Robert. 1978. "Collective vs. Dyadic Representation in Congress." American Political Science Review 72(5): 535-47.
85. Williamson, Vanessa, Theda Skocpol, and John Coggin. 2011. "The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism." Perspectives on Politics 9(1): 25-43.
86. Winters, Jeffrey A., and Benjamin I. Page. 2009. "Oligarchy in the United States?" Perspectives on Politics 7(4): 731-51.
87. Wolin, Sheldon, and John H. Schaar. 1970. The Berkeley Rebellion and Beyond: Essays on Politics and Education in the Technological Society. New York: Vintage Books/NY Review Books.
88. Young, Iris Marion. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
89. Achen, Christopher H. 1975. "Mass Political Attitudes and the Survey Response." American Political Science Review 69(4): 1218-31.
90. American Political Science Association Task Force on Inequality and American Democracy. 2004. "American Democracyin an Age of Rising Inequality." Washington, DC: American Political Science Association.
91. Austin, J.L. 1979 [1961]. Philosophical Papers. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
92. Bachrach, Peter, and Morton S. Baratz. 1962. "Two Faces of Power." American Political Science Review 56(4): 947-52.
93. Bartels, Larry M. 2008. Unequal Democracy: The Political Economy of the New Gilded Age. New York and Princeton: Russell Sage Foundation and Princeton University Press.
94. Block, Fred, and Frances Fox Piven. 2010. "'Déjà vu All Over Again': A Comment on Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson's 'Winner-Take-All Politics.'" Politics and Society 38(2): 205-11.
95. Brandolini, Andrea. 2010. "Political Economy and the Mechanics of Politics." Politics and Society 38(2): 212-26.
96. Brennan, Geoffrey, and Alan Hamlin. 1999. "On Political Representation." British Journal of Political Science 29(1): 109-27.
97. Brown, Mark. 2009. Science in Democracy: Expertise, Institutions, and Representation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
98. Campbell, Andrea. 2005. How Policies Make Citizens: Senior Political Activism and the American Welfare State. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
99. -. 2010. "The Public's Role in Winner-Take-All Politics." Politics and Society 38(2): 227-32.
100. Chong, Dennis, and James R. Druckman. 2007. "Framing Public Opinion in Competitive Democracies." American Political Science Review 101(4): 637-55.
101. Cohen, Robert. 2009. Freedom's Orator: Mario Savio and the Radical Legacy of the 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.
102. Cohen, Robert, and Reginald Zelnick, eds. 2002. The Free Speech Movement: Reflections on Berkeley in the 1960s. Berkeley: University of California Press.
103. Connolly, William E. 1969. The Bias of Pluralism. NY: Atherton Press.
104. Derrida, Jacques. 1973 [1967]. Speech and Phenomena. Trans. David B. Allison. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
105. Derrida, Jacques. 1982. Margins of Philosophy. Trans. Alan Bass. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
106. Dionne, E.J. 1991. Why Americans Hate Politics. New York: Simon and Schuster.
107. Druckman, James N. 2010. "What's It All About? Framing in Political Science." In Perspectives on Framing, ed. Gideon Keren. NewYork: Psychology Press/ Taylor and Francis.
108. Edsall, Thomas B., with Mary D. Edsall. 1991. Chain Reaction: The Impact of Race, Rights and Taxes on American Politics. New York: Norton.
109. Euben, Peter. 1970. "Political Science and Political Silence." In Power and Community: Dissenting Essays in Political Science, ed. Philip Green and Sanford Levinson. New York: Pantheon Books.
110. Eulau, Heinz. 1967. "Changing Views of Representation." In Contemporary Political Science: Toward Empirical Theory, ed. Ithiel de Sola Pool. New York: McGraw Hill.
111. Eulau, Heinz, and Paul D. Karps. 1977. "The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying Components of Responsiveness." Legislative Studies Quarterly 2(3): 233-54.
112. Eulau, Heinz, John C. Wahlke, William Buchanan, and Leroy C. Ferguson. 1959. "The Role of the Representative: Some Empirical Observations on the Theory of Edmund Burke." American Political Science Review 53(3): 742-56.
113. Farr, James, and Raymond Seidelman, eds. 1993. Discipline and History: Political Science in the United States. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
114. Fiorina, Morris. 1974. Representatives, Roll Calls, and Constituencies. Lexington: Heath.
115. Frank, Thomas. 2004. What's the Matter with Kansas? How Conservatives Won the Heart of America. New York: Metropolitan books.
116. Gilens, Martin. 2005. "Inequality and Democratic Responsiveness." Public Opinion Quarterly 69(5): 778-96.
117. Gunnell, John G. 1993. The Descent of Political Theory: The Genealogy of an American Vocation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
118. Hacker, Jacob. 2004. "Privatizing Risk without Privatizing the Welfare State: The Hidden Politics of Social Policy Retrenchment in the United States." American Political Science Review 98(2): 243-60.
119. Hacker, Jacob S., and Paul Pierson. 2010. "Winner-Take-All Politics: Public Policy, Political Organizations, and the Precipitous Rise of Top Incomes in the United States." Politics & Society 38(2): 152-204.
120. Hansen, Susan B. 1975. "Participation, Political Structure, and Concurrence." American Political Science Review 69(4): 1181-99.
121. Isaac, Jeffrey C. 1987. "Beyond the Three Faces of Power: A Realist Critique." Polity 20(1): 4-31.
122. Jacobs, Lawrence R. 2010. "Democracy and Capitalism: Structure, Agency, and Organized Combat." Politics and Society 38(2): 243-54.
123. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Desmond King. 2009. The Unsustainable American State. New York: Oxford University Press.
124. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Benjamin I. Page. 2005. "Who Influences US Foreign Policy?" American Political Science Review 99(1): 107-23.
125. Jacobs, Lawrence R., and Theda Skocpol, eds. 2005. Inequality and American Democracy: What We Know and What We Need to Learn. New York: Russell Sage.
126. Jewell, Malcolm. 1983. "Legislator-Constituency Relations and the Representative Process." Legislative Studies Quarterly 8(3): 303-37.
127. Kenworthy, Lance, and Jonas Pontusson. 2005. "Rising Inequality and the Politics of Redistribution in Affluent Countries." Perspectives on Politics 3(3): 449-71.
128. Kitchell, Mark. 1990. "Berkeley in the Sixties." Documentary. Director and producer M. Kitchell, cinematographer Stephen Lighthill, editor Veronica Selver. Kitchell Films and POV Theatrical Films.
129. Körösényi, András. 2009. "Beyond the Happy Consensus on Democratic Elitism." Comparative Sociology 8: 364-82.
130. Kuklinski, James H., and Gary M. Segura. 1995. "Endogeneity, Exogeneity, Time, and Space in Political Representation." Legislative Studies Quarterly 20(1): 3-21.
131. Kuklinski, James H., and John E. Stanga. 1979. "Political Participation and Government Responsiveness: The Behavior of the California Superior Courts." American Political Science Review 73(4): 1090-99.
132. Laclau, Ernesto. 1996. Emancipations. New York: Verso.
133. -. 2005. On Populist Reason. New York: Verso.
134. Lipset, Seymour Martin, and Sheldon Wolin, eds. 1965. The Berkeley Student Revolt: Facts and Interpretations. Garden City: Anchor Books.
135. Lukes, Steven M. 1974. Power: A Radical View. London: Macmillan.
136. Lupia, Arthur. 1994. "Shortcuts versus Encyclopedias: Information and Voting Behavior in California Insurance Reform Elections." American Political Science Review 88(1): 63-76.
137. Mansbridge, Jane J. 2003. "Rethinking Representation." American Political Science Review 97(4): 515-28.
138. Mathiowetz, Dean. 2011. Appeals to Interest: Language, Contestation and the Shaping of Political Agency. State College: Pennsylvania State University Press.
139. Mettler, Suzanne. 2010. "Reconstituting the Submerged State: The Challenges of Social Policy Reform in the Obama Era." Perspectives on Politics 8(3): 803-24.
140. -. 2011. The Submerged State: How Invisible Government Policies Undermine American Democracy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
141. Mettler, Suzanne, and Joe Soss. 2004. "The Consequences of Public Policy for Democratic Citizenship: Bridging Policy Studies and Mass Politics." Perspectives on Politics 2(1): 55-73.
142. Miller, W. E., and D. E. Stokes. 1963. "Constituency Influence in Congress." American Political Science Review 57(1): 45-56.
143. Mitchell, Timothy. 1991. Colonising Egypt. Berkeley: University of California Press.
144. Muller, Edward N. 1970. "The Representation of Citizens by Political Authorities." American Political Science Review 64(4): 1149-66.
145. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
146. Page, Benjamin I., and Lawrence R. Jacobs. 2009. Class War? What Americans Really Think about Economic Inequality. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press.
147. Page, Benjamin I., and Robert Y. Shapiro. 1992. The Rational Public: Fifty Years of Trends in Americans' Policy Preferences. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
148. Peterson, Paul E. 1970. "Forms of Representation: Participation of the Poor in the Community Action Program." American Political Science Review 64(2): 491-507.
149. Phillips, Kevin. 1993. Boiling Point: Republicans, Democrats and the Decline of Middle-Class Prosperity. New York: Random House.
150. Pitkin, Hanna. 1967. The Concept of Representation. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
151. -. 1993 [1975]. Wittgenstein and Justice. 2d ed. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
152. Prewitt, Kenneth, and Heinz Eulau. 1969. "Political Matrix and Political Representation: Prolegomenon to a New Departure from an Old Problem." American Political Science Review 63(2): 427-41.
153. Przeworski, Adam, Susan Stokes, and Bernard Manin. 1999. "Introduction." In Democracy, Accountability and Representation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
154. Rehfeld, Andrew. 2006. "Towards a General Theory of Political Representation." Journal of Politics 68(1): 1-21.
155. Rogowski, Ronald W. 1981. "Representation in Political Theory and in Law." Ethics 91(3): 395-430.
156. Rorabaugh, W.J. 1989. Berkeley at War: The 1960s. New York: Oxford University Press.
157. Runciman, David. 2007. "The Paradox of Political Representation." Journal of Political Philosophy 15(1): 93-114.
158. Saward, Michael. 2006. "The Representative Claim." Contemporary Political Theory 5: 297-318.
159. -. 2010. The Representative Claim. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
160. Schattschneider, E.E. 1975 [1960]. The Semisovereign People. New York: Holt, Reinhart and Winston.
161. Searle, John. 1971. The Campus War: A Sympathetic Look at the University in Agony. New York: World Publishing Co.
162. Seidelman, Roy, and James Farr, ed. 1993. Discipline and History: Political Science in the United States. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
163. Soss, Joe, Richard C. Fording, Sanford F. Schram. 2011. Disciplining the Poor: Neoliberal Paternalism and the Persistent Power of Race. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
164. Squires, Judith. 2008. "The Constitutive Representation of Gender: Extra-parliamentary Re-presentation of Gender Relations." Representation 44(2): 187-204.
165. Stepan, Al, and Juan J. Linz. 2011. "Comparative Perspectives on Inequality and the Quality of Democracy in the United States." Perspectives on Politics 9(4): 841-56.
166. Stimson, James A. 2009. "Perspectives on Unequal Democracy." Perspectives on Politics 7(1): 151-53.
167. Sunstein, Cass. 1991. "Preferences and Politics." Philosophy and Public Affairs 20(10): 3-34.
168. Urbinati, Nadia. 2006. RepresentativeDemocracy: Principles and Genealogy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
169. Waddell, Brian. 2011. "Review Symposium: Class Politics, American-Style." Perspectives on Politics 9(3): 659-62.
170. Wahlke, John C. 1971. "Policy Demands and System Support: The Role of the Represented." British Journal of Political Science 1(3): 271-90.
171. Warren, Mark E., and Dario Castiglione. N.d. "Rethinking Democratic Representation: Eight Theoretical Issues." Unpublished manuscript. University of British Columbia, Canada.
172. Weissberg, Robert. 1978. "Collective vs. Dyadic Representation in Congress." American Political Science Review 72(5): 535-47.
173. Williamson, Vanessa, Theda Skocpol, and John Coggin. 2011. "The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism." Perspectives on Politics 9(1): 25-43.
174. Winters, Jeffrey A., and Benjamin I. Page. 2009. "Oligarchy in the United States?" Perspectives on Politics 7(4): 731-51.
175. Wolin, Sheldon, and John H. Schaar. 1970. The Berkeley Rebellion and Beyond: Essays on Politics and Education in the Technological Society. New York: Vintage Books/NY Review Books.
176. Young, Iris Marion. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.