Nosocomial sepsis in neonatal intensive care: Inevitable or preventable?

Zeitschrift fur Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie

Volumn 216, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 186-190

  Bersani, I ^a,b   Speer, C P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b University Hospital A Gemellio   (Italy)

Author keywords

granulocyte colony stimulating factor; granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor; hygienic strategies; intravenous immunoglobulins; neonates; nosocomial sepsis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CROSS INFECTION; GERMANY; HUMAN; NEWBORN; NEWBORN DISEASE; NEWBORN INTENSIVE CARE; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPSIS; STATISTICS;

CROSS INFECTION; GERMANY; HUMANS; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFANT, NEWBORN, DISEASES; INTENSIVE CARE, NEONATAL; PREVALENCE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEPSIS;

EID: 84865308721     PISSN: 09482393     EISSN: 14391651     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1321837     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Makhoul I R, Sujov P, Smolkin T et al. Epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of late-onset sepsis among very low birth weight infants in Israel: a national survey. Pediatrics: 2002; 109 34 39
2. Stoll B J, Hansen N, Fanaroff A A et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: the experience of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network. Pediatrics: 2002; 110 285 291
3. Stoll B J, Gordon T, Korones S B et al. Late-onset sepsis in very low birth weight neonates: a report from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. J Pediatr: 1996; 129 63 71
4. Karlowicz M G, Buescher E S, Surka A E. Fulminant late-onset sepsis in a neonatal intensive care unit, 1988-1997, and the impact of avoiding empiric vancomycin therapy. Pediatrics: 2000; 106 1387 1390
5. Zafar N, Wallace C M, Kieffer P et al. Improving survival of vulnerable infants increases neonatal intensive care unit nosocomial infection rate. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med: 2001; 155 1098 1104
6. Gill A W. Analysis of neonatal nosocomial infection rates across the Australian and New Zealand Neonatal Network. J Hosp Infect: 2009; 72 155 162
7. Vergnano S, Menson E, Kennea N et al. Neonatal infections in England: the NeonIN surveillance network. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2011; 96 F9 F14
8. Isaacs D, Barfield C, Clothier T et al. Late-onset infections of infants in neonatal units. J Paediatr Child Health: 1996; 32 158 161
9. Isaacs D. A ten year, multicentre study of coagulase negative staphylococcal infections in Australasian neonatal units. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2003; 88 F89 93
10. Ballow M, Cates K L, Rowe J C et al. Development of the immune system in very low birth weight (less than 1 500 g) premature infants: concentrations of plasma immunoglobulins and patterns of infections. Pediatr Res: 1986; 20 899 904
11. Brodie S B, Sands K E, Gray J E et al. Occurrence of nosocomial bloodstream infections in six neonatal intensive care units. Pediatr Infect Dis J: 2000; 19 56 65
12. Glasgow T S, Young P C, Wallin J et al. Association of intrapartum antibiotic exposure and late-onset serious bacterial infections in infants. Pediatrics: 2005; 116 696 702
13. Bizzarro M J, Dembry L M, Baltimore R S et al. Case-control analysis of endemic Serratia marcescens bacteremia in a neonatal intensive care unit. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2007; 92 F120 F126
14. Samanta S, Farrer K, Breathnach A et al. Risk factors for late onset Gram-negative infections: a case-control study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2011; 96 F15 F18
15. Freeman J, Platt R, Epstein M F et al. Birth weight and length of stay as determinants of nosocomial coagulase-negative staphylococcal bacteremia in neonatal intensive care unit populations: potential for confounding. Am J Epidemiol: 1990; 132 1130 1140
16. Graham P L 3rd, Begg M D, Larson E et al. Risk factors for late onset Gram-negative sepsis in low birth weight infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit. Pediatr Infect Dis J: 2006; 25 113 117
17. Birch P, Ogden S, Hewson M. A randomised, controlled trial of heparin in total parenteral nutrition to prevent sepsis associated with neonatal long lines: the Heparin in Long Line Total Parenteral Nutrition (HILLTOP) trial. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2010; 95 F252 F257
18. Anderson-Berry A, Brinton B, Lyden E et al. Risk factors associated with development of persistent coagulase-negative staphylococci bacteremia in the neonate and associated short-term and discharge morbidities. Neonatology: 2011; 99 23 31
19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC Early-onset and late-onset neonatal group B streptococcal disease - United States, 1996-2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep: 2005; 54 1205 1208
20. Stoll B J, Hansen N I, Sanchez P J et al. Early onset neonatal sepsis: the burden of group B streptococcal and E. coli disease continues. Pediatrics: 2011; 127 817 826
21. Tosson A M, Speer C P. Microbial pathogens causative of neonatal sepsis in Arabic countries. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med: 2011; 24 990 994
22. Macharashvili N, Kourbatova E, Butsashvili M et al. Etiology of neonatal blood stream infections in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia. Int J Infect Dis: 2009; 13 499 505
23. Daley A J, Isaacs D. Ten-year study on the effect of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis on early onset group B streptococcal and Escherichia coli neonatal sepsis in Australasia. Pediatr Infect Dis J: 2004; 23 630 634
24. Manzoni P, Rizzollo S, Decembrino L et al. Recent advances in prevention of sepsis in the premature neonates in NICU. Early Hum Dev: 2011; 87 01 S31 S33
25. Aiello A E, Larson E L. What is the evidence for a causal link between hygiene and infections? Lancet Infect Dis: 2002; 2 103 110
26. Boyce J M, Pittet D. Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2002; 51 1 45 quiz CE41-CE44
27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention New CD C. hand hygiene guidelines. Home Healthc Nurse: 2003; 21 367 369
28. Ng P C, Wong H L, Lyon D J et al. Combined use of alcohol hand rub and gloves reduces the incidence of late onset infection in very low birthweight infants. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed: 2004; 89 F336 F340
29. McLaughlin A C, Walsh F. Individual differences in judgments of hand hygiene risk by health care workers. Am J Infect Control: 2011; 39 456 463
30. Tibballs J. Teaching hospital medical staff to handwash. Med J Aust 1006 164Ö 395 398
31. Lam B C, Lee J, Lau Y L. Hand hygiene practices in a neonatal intensive care unit: a multimodal intervention and impact on nosocomial infection. Pediatrics: 2004; 114 e565 e571
32. Rubin L G, Sanchez P J, Siegel J et al. Evaluation and treatment of neonates with suspected late-onset sepsis: a survey of neonatologists' practices. Pediatrics: 2002; 110 e42
33. Schwab F, Geffers C, Barwolff S et al. Reducing neonatal nosocomial bloodstream infections through participation in a national surveillance system. J Hosp Infect: 2007; 65 319 325
34. Urlichs F, Speer C P. Neutrophil function in preterm and term infants. NeoReviews: 2004; 5 e417 e429
35. Suri M, Harrison L, Van de Ven C et al. Immunotherapy in the prophylaxis and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Curr Opin Pediatr: 2003; 15 155 160
36. Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Benjamin D K Jr, Capparelli E. Immunotherapy in neonatal sepsis: advances in treatment and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Pediatr: 2009; 21 177 181
37. Tarnow-Mordi W, Isaacs D, Dutta S. Adjunctive immunologic interventions in neonatal sepsis. Clin Perinatol: 2010; 37 481 499
38. Bossi E, Meister B, Pfenninger J. Exchange transfusion for severe neonatal septicemia. Pediatrics: 1981; 67 941
39. Pammi M, Brocklehurst P. Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2011; CD003956
40. Mohan P, Brocklehurst P. Granulocyte transfusions for neonates with confirmed or suspected sepsis and neutropaenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2003; CD003956
41. Banerjea M C, Speer C P. The current role of colony-stimulating factors in prevention and treatment of neonatal sepsis. Semin Neonatol: 2002; 7 335 349
42. Carr R, Modi N, Dore C. G-CSF and GM-CSF for treating or preventing neonatal infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2003; CD003066
43. Carr R, Brocklehurst P, Dore C J et al. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor administered as prophylaxis for reduction of sepsis in extremely preterm, small for gestational age neonates (the PROGRAMS trial): a single-blind, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet: 2009; 373 226 233
44. Kuhn P, Messer J, Paupe A et al. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of prophylactic recombinant granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in preterm neonates with neutropenia. J Pediatr: 2009; 155 324 330 e321
45. Ohlsson A, Lacy J B. Intravenous immunoglobulin for preventing infection in preterm and/or low-birth-weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2004; CD000361
46. Ohlsson A, Lacy J. Intravenous immunoglobulin for suspected or subsequently proven infection in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2010; CD001239
47. Fanaroff A A, Korones S B, Wright L L et al. A controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin to reduce nosocomial infections in very-low-birth-weight infants. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. N Engl J Med: 1994; 330 1107 1113
48. Brocklehurst P, Farrell B, King A et al. Treatment of neonatal sepsis with intravenous immune globulin. N Engl J Med: 2011; 365 1201 1211
49. Shah P S, Kaufman D A. Antistaphylococcal immunoglobulins to prevent staphylococcal infection in very low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2009; CD006449
50. Alfaleh K, Bassler D. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2008; CD005496
51. Alfaleh K, Anabrees J, Bassler D. Probiotics reduce the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants: a meta-analysis. Neonatology: 2010; 97 93 99
52. Alfaleh K, Anabrees J, Bassler D et al. Probiotics for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2011; CD005496
53. Romeo M G, Romeo D M, Trovato L et al. Role of probiotics in the prevention of the enteric colonization by Candida in preterm newborns: incidence of late-onset sepsis and neurological outcome. J Perinatol: 2011; 31 63 69
54. Manzoni P, Mostert M, Leonessa M L et al. Oral supplementation with Lactobacillus casei subspecies rhamnosus prevents enteric colonization by Candida species in preterm neonates: a randomized study. Clin Infect Dis: 2006; 42 1735 1742
55. Mihatsch W A, Braegger C P, Decsi T et al. Critical systematic review of the level of evidence for routine use of probiotics for reduction of mortality and prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis in preterm infants. Clin Nutr: 2012; 31 6 15
56. Garland S M, Tobin J M, Pirotta M et al. The ProPrems trial: investigating the effects of probiotics on late onset sepsis in very preterm infants. BMC Infect Dis: 2011; 11 210
57. Venkatesh M P, Abrams S A. Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2010; CD007137
58. Pammi M, Abrams S A. Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2011; CD007137
59. Pammi M, Abrams S A. Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2011; CD007138
60. Manzoni P, Rinaldi M, Cattani S et al. Bovine lactoferrin supplementation for prevention of late-onset sepsis in very low-birth-weight neonates: a randomized trial. JAMA: 2009; 302 1421 1428
61. Manzoni P, Stolfi I, Messner H et al. Bovine lactoferrin prevents invasive fungal infections in very low birth weight infants: a randomized controlled trial. Pediatrics: 2012; 129 116 123
62. Tubman T R, Thompson S W, McGuire W. Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2005; CD001457
63. Tubman T R, Thompson S W, McGuire W. Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2008; CD001457
64. Moe-Byrne T, Wagner J V, McGuire W. Glutamine supplementation to prevent morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2012; 3 CD001457
65. Darlow B A, Austin N C. Selenium supplementation to prevent short-term morbidity in preterm neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2003; CD003312
66. Marti-Carvajal A J, Sola I, Lathyris D et al. Human recombinant activated protein C for severe sepsis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2012; 3 CD004388
67. Haque K N, Pammi M. Pentoxifylline for treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. Cochrane Database Syst Rev: 2011; CD004205