메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 175-190

Anesthetic Management of Patients with Acute Stroke

Author keywords

Anesthesia; Clinical outcome; Stroke; Thrombolysis

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALTEPLASE; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; ENALAPRIL; ESMOLOL; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; HYDRALAZINE; LABETALOL; NICARDIPINE; NITROPRUSSIDE SODIUM;

EID: 84865286421     PISSN: 19322275     EISSN: 22103538     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.anclin.2012.04.002     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (8)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 34447532439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischaemic stroke: acute management, intensive care, and future perspectives
    • Kollmar R., Schwab S. Ischaemic stroke: acute management, intensive care, and future perspectives. Br J Anaesth 2007, 99(1):95-101.
    • (2007) Br J Anaesth , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-101
    • Kollmar, R.1    Schwab, S.2
  • 2
    • 0043013350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century
    • Feigin V.L., Lawes C.M., Bennett D.A., et al. Stroke epidemiology: a review of population-based studies of incidence, prevalence, and case-fatality in the late 20th century. Lancet Neurol 2003, 2(1):43-53.
    • (2003) Lancet Neurol , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-53
    • Feigin, V.L.1    Lawes, C.M.2    Bennett, D.A.3
  • 3
    • 0023866516 scopus 로고
    • The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators
    • The World Health Organization MONICA Project (monitoring trends and determinants in cardiovascular disease): a major international collaboration. WHO MONICA Project Principal Investigators. J Clin Epidemiol 1988, 41(2):105-114.
    • (1988) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.41 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-114
  • 4
    • 77249150238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group
    • Broderick J., Connolly S., Feldmann E., et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007, 116(16):e391-e413.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , Issue.16
    • Broderick, J.1    Connolly, S.2    Feldmann, E.3
  • 5
    • 33646694809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Flaherty M.L., Haverbusch M., Sekar P., et al. Long-term mortality after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2006, 66(8):1182-1186.
    • (2006) Neurology , vol.66 , Issue.8 , pp. 1182-1186
    • Flaherty, M.L.1    Haverbusch, M.2    Sekar, P.3
  • 6
    • 0025125821 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project-1981-86. 2. Incidence, case fatality rates and overall outcome at one year of cerebral infarction, primary intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage
    • Bamford J., Sandercock P., Dennis M., et al. A prospective study of acute cerebrovascular disease in the community: the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project-1981-86. 2. Incidence, case fatality rates and overall outcome at one year of cerebral infarction, primary intracerebral and subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990, 53(1):16-22.
    • (1990) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-22
    • Bamford, J.1    Sandercock, P.2    Dennis, M.3
  • 7
    • 77953202391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What will anesthesiologists be anesthetizing? Trends in neurosurgical procedure usage
    • Hughey A.B., Lesniak M.S., Ansari S.A., et al. What will anesthesiologists be anesthetizing? Trends in neurosurgical procedure usage. Anesth Analg 2010, 110(6):1686-1697.
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , Issue.6 , pp. 1686-1697
    • Hughey, A.B.1    Lesniak, M.S.2    Ansari, S.A.3
  • 8
    • 40349093039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke: insights from imaging, and implications for therapy and drug discovery
    • Moustafa R.R., Baron J.C. Pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke: insights from imaging, and implications for therapy and drug discovery. Br J Pharmacol 2008, 153(Suppl 1):S44-S54.
    • (2008) Br J Pharmacol , vol.153 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Moustafa, R.R.1    Baron, J.C.2
  • 9
    • 77951761476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage: a clinical review
    • Elliott J., Smith M. The acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage: a clinical review. Anesth Analg 2010, 110(5):1419-1427.
    • (2010) Anesth Analg , vol.110 , Issue.5 , pp. 1419-1427
    • Elliott, J.1    Smith, M.2
  • 10
    • 0035837503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage
    • Qureshi A.I., Tuhrim S., Broderick J.P., et al. Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2001, 344(19):1450-1460.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , Issue.19 , pp. 1450-1460
    • Qureshi, A.I.1    Tuhrim, S.2    Broderick, J.P.3
  • 11
    • 18644380701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is this patient having a stroke?
    • Goldstein L.B., Simel D.L. Is this patient having a stroke?. JAMA 2005, 293(19):2391-2402.
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , Issue.19 , pp. 2391-2402
    • Goldstein, L.B.1    Simel, D.L.2
  • 12
    • 33644874026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time is brain-quantified
    • Saver J.L. Time is brain-quantified. Stroke 2006, 37(1):263-266.
    • (2006) Stroke , vol.37 , Issue.1 , pp. 263-266
    • Saver, J.L.1
  • 13
    • 34247844511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology
    • Adams H.P., del Zoppo G., Alberts M.J., et al. Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council, Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an educational tool for neurologists. Stroke 2007, 38(5):1655-1711.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 1655-1711
    • Adams, H.P.1    del Zoppo, G.2    Alberts, M.J.3
  • 14
    • 0028343127 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin
    • Hylek E.M., Singer D.E. Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin. Ann Intern Med 1994, 120(11):897-902.
    • (1994) Ann Intern Med , vol.120 , Issue.11 , pp. 897-902
    • Hylek, E.M.1    Singer, D.E.2
  • 15
    • 0041917474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent poststroke hyperglycemia is independently associated with infarct expansion and worse clinical outcome
    • Baird T.A., Parsons M.W., Phanh T., et al. Persistent poststroke hyperglycemia is independently associated with infarct expansion and worse clinical outcome. Stroke 2003, 34(9):2208-2214.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.9 , pp. 2208-2214
    • Baird, T.A.1    Parsons, M.W.2    Phanh, T.3
  • 16
    • 34047255739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK)
    • Gray C.S., Hildreth A.J., Sandercock P.A., et al. Glucose-potassium-insulin infusions in the management of post-stroke hyperglycaemia: the UK Glucose Insulin in Stroke Trial (GIST-UK). Lancet Neurol 2007, 6(5):397-406.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.5 , pp. 397-406
    • Gray, C.S.1    Hildreth, A.J.2    Sandercock, P.A.3
  • 17
    • 0028783948 scopus 로고
    • Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke
    • The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group
    • Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med 1995, 333(24):1581-1587. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , Issue.24 , pp. 1581-1587
  • 18
    • 0034595403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaphylactoid reactions and angioedema during alteplase treatment of acute ischemic stroke
    • Hill M.D., Barber P.A., Takahashi J., et al. Anaphylactoid reactions and angioedema during alteplase treatment of acute ischemic stroke. CMAJ 2000, 162(9):1281-1284.
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.162 , Issue.9 , pp. 1281-1284
    • Hill, M.D.1    Barber, P.A.2    Takahashi, J.3
  • 19
    • 77951768941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute ischemic stroke: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
    • Lee M., Hong K.S., Saver J.L. Efficacy of intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute ischemic stroke: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Stroke 2010, 41(5):932-937.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 932-937
    • Lee, M.1    Hong, K.S.2    Saver, J.L.3
  • 20
    • 67249130782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indications for the performance of intracranial endovascular neurointerventional procedures: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
    • Meyers P.M., Schumacher H.C., Higashida R.T., et al. Indications for the performance of intracranial endovascular neurointerventional procedures: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, Stroke Council, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Circulation 2009, 119(16):2235-2249.
    • (2009) Circulation , vol.119 , Issue.16 , pp. 2235-2249
    • Meyers, P.M.1    Schumacher, H.C.2    Higashida, R.T.3
  • 21
    • 0029914446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Malignant' middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs
    • Hacke W., Schwab S., Horn M., et al. 'Malignant' middle cerebral artery territory infarction: clinical course and prognostic signs. Arch Neurol 1996, 53(4):309-315.
    • (1996) Arch Neurol , vol.53 , Issue.4 , pp. 309-315
    • Hacke, W.1    Schwab, S.2    Horn, M.3
  • 22
    • 0021327807 scopus 로고
    • Brain edema after stroke. Clinical syndrome and intracranial pressure
    • Ropper A.H., Shafran B. Brain edema after stroke. Clinical syndrome and intracranial pressure. Arch Neurol 1984, 41(1):26-29.
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 26-29
    • Ropper, A.H.1    Shafran, B.2
  • 23
    • 51449120463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decompressive craniectomy for acute stroke: early is better
    • [discussion: 286]
    • Lanzino G. Decompressive craniectomy for acute stroke: early is better. J Neurosurg 2008, 109(2):285. [discussion: 286].
    • (2008) J Neurosurg , vol.109 , Issue.2 , pp. 285
    • Lanzino, G.1
  • 24
    • 34548263227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (DESTINY): a randomized, controlled trial
    • Juttler E., Schwab S., Schmiedek P., et al. Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (DESTINY): a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 2007, 38(9):2518-2525.
    • (2007) Stroke , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 2518-2525
    • Juttler, E.1    Schwab, S.2    Schmiedek, P.3
  • 25
    • 33846892907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials
    • Vahedi K., Hofmeijer J., Juettler E., et al. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 2007, 6(3):215-222.
    • (2007) Lancet Neurol , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 215-222
    • Vahedi, K.1    Hofmeijer, J.2    Juettler, E.3
  • 26
    • 78650962352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DESTINY II: DEcompressive Surgery for the Treatment of malignant INfarction of the middle cerebral arterY II
    • Juttler E., Bosel J., Amiri H., et al. DESTINY II: DEcompressive Surgery for the Treatment of malignant INfarction of the middle cerebral arterY II. Int J Stroke 2011, 6(1):79-86.
    • (2011) Int J Stroke , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-86
    • Juttler, E.1    Bosel, J.2    Amiri, H.3
  • 27
    • 0036093482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and clinical outcomes in the International Stroke Trial
    • Leonardi-Bee J., Bath P.M., Phillips S.J., et al. Blood pressure and clinical outcomes in the International Stroke Trial. Stroke 2002, 33(5):1315-1320.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.5 , pp. 1315-1320
    • Leonardi-Bee, J.1    Bath, P.M.2    Phillips, S.J.3
  • 28
    • 0842289192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure decrease during the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated with brain injury and poor stroke outcome
    • Castillo J., Leira R., Garcia M.M., et al. Blood pressure decrease during the acute phase of ischemic stroke is associated with brain injury and poor stroke outcome. Stroke 2004, 35(2):520-526.
    • (2004) Stroke , vol.35 , Issue.2 , pp. 520-526
    • Castillo, J.1    Leira, R.2    Garcia, M.M.3
  • 29
    • 54749116055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic significance of blood pressure variability after thrombolysis in acute stroke
    • Delgado-Mederos R., Ribo M., Rovira A., et al. Prognostic significance of blood pressure variability after thrombolysis in acute stroke. Neurology 2008, 71(8):552-558.
    • (2008) Neurology , vol.71 , Issue.8 , pp. 552-558
    • Delgado-Mederos, R.1    Ribo, M.2    Rovira, A.3
  • 30
    • 79952103780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
    • Sandset E.C., Bath P.M., Boysen G., et al. The angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan for treatment of acute stroke (SCAST): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Lancet 2011, 377(9767):741-750.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.377 , Issue.9767 , pp. 741-750
    • Sandset, E.C.1    Bath, P.M.2    Boysen, G.3
  • 31
    • 0038261970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ACCESS Study: evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors
    • Schrader J., Luders S., Kulschewski A., et al. The ACCESS Study: evaluation of Acute Candesartan Cilexetil Therapy in Stroke Survivors. Stroke 2003, 34(7):1699-1703.
    • (2003) Stroke , vol.34 , Issue.7 , pp. 1699-1703
    • Schrader, J.1    Luders, S.2    Kulschewski, A.3
  • 32
    • 84856493262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetic management and outcome in patients during endovascular therapy for acute stroke
    • Davis M.J., Menon B.K., Baghirzada L.B., et al. Anesthetic management and outcome in patients during endovascular therapy for acute stroke. Anesthesiology 2012, 116(2):396-405.
    • (2012) Anesthesiology , vol.116 , Issue.2 , pp. 396-405
    • Davis, M.J.1    Menon, B.K.2    Baghirzada, L.B.3
  • 33
    • 54449089917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure and clinical outcome among patients with acute stroke in Inner Mongolia, China
    • Zhang Y., Reilly K.H., Tong W., et al. Blood pressure and clinical outcome among patients with acute stroke in Inner Mongolia, China. J Hypertens 2008, 26(7):1446-1452.
    • (2008) J Hypertens , vol.26 , Issue.7 , pp. 1446-1452
    • Zhang, Y.1    Reilly, K.H.2    Tong, W.3
  • 34
    • 77952229640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of systolic blood pressure reduction on hematoma expansion, perihematomal edema, and 3-month outcome among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage study
    • Qureshi A.I., Palesch Y.Y., Martin R., et al. Effect of systolic blood pressure reduction on hematoma expansion, perihematomal edema, and 3-month outcome among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the antihypertensive treatment of acute cerebral hemorrhage study. Arch Neurol 2010, 67(5):570-576.
    • (2010) Arch Neurol , vol.67 , Issue.5 , pp. 570-576
    • Qureshi, A.I.1    Palesch, Y.Y.2    Martin, R.3
  • 35
    • 34548676161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthetics and brain protection
    • Head B.P., Patel P. Anesthetics and brain protection. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007, 20(5):395-399.
    • (2007) Curr Opin Anaesthesiol , vol.20 , Issue.5 , pp. 395-399
    • Head, B.P.1    Patel, P.2
  • 36
    • 74049151086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No association between intraoperative hypothermia or supplemental protective drug and neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery: findings from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial
    • Hindman B.J., Bayman E.O., Pfisterer W.K., et al. No association between intraoperative hypothermia or supplemental protective drug and neurologic outcomes in patients undergoing temporary clipping during cerebral aneurysm surgery: findings from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial. Anesthesiology 2010, 112(1):86-101.
    • (2010) Anesthesiology , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-101
    • Hindman, B.J.1    Bayman, E.O.2    Pfisterer, W.K.3
  • 37
    • 77957836723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?
    • Schifilliti D., Grasso G., Conti A., et al. Anaesthetic-related neuroprotection: intravenous or inhalational agents?. CNS Drugs 2010, 24(11):893-907.
    • (2010) CNS Drugs , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 893-907
    • Schifilliti, D.1    Grasso, G.2    Conti, A.3
  • 38
    • 11844268070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm
    • Todd M.M., Hindman B.J., Clarke W.R., et al. Mild intraoperative hypothermia during surgery for intracranial aneurysm. N Engl J Med 2005, 352(2):135-145.
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.352 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-145
    • Todd, M.M.1    Hindman, B.J.2    Clarke, W.R.3
  • 39
    • 62649133870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothermia in focal ischemia: implications of experiments and experience
    • Kollmar R., Schwab S. Hypothermia in focal ischemia: implications of experiments and experience. J Neurotrauma 2009, 26(3):377-386.
    • (2009) J Neurotrauma , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 377-386
    • Kollmar, R.1    Schwab, S.2
  • 41
    • 0033966133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of poststroke pyrexia on stroke outcome: a meta-analysis of studies in patients
    • Hajat C., Hajat S., Sharma P. Effects of poststroke pyrexia on stroke outcome: a meta-analysis of studies in patients. Stroke 2000, 31(2):410-414.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 410-414
    • Hajat, C.1    Hajat, S.2    Sharma, P.3
  • 42
    • 77953153046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute anterior circulation stroke: preliminary results from a retrospective, multicenter study
    • Abou-Chebl A., Lin R., Hussain M.S., et al. Conscious sedation versus general anesthesia during endovascular therapy for acute anterior circulation stroke: preliminary results from a retrospective, multicenter study. Stroke 2010, 41(6):1175-1179.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 1175-1179
    • Abou-Chebl, A.1    Lin, R.2    Hussain, M.S.3
  • 43
    • 77953131990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of safety and clinical and radiographic outcomes in endovascular acute stroke therapy for proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion with intubation and general anesthesia versus the nonintubated state
    • Jumaa M.A., Zhang F., Ruiz-Ares G., et al. Comparison of safety and clinical and radiographic outcomes in endovascular acute stroke therapy for proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion with intubation and general anesthesia versus the nonintubated state. Stroke 2010, 41(6):1180-1184.
    • (2010) Stroke , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 1180-1184
    • Jumaa, M.A.1    Zhang, F.2    Ruiz-Ares, G.3
  • 44
    • 77957988296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is periprocedural sedation during acute stroke therapy associated with poorer functional outcomes?
    • Nichols C., Carrozzella J., Yeatts S., et al. Is periprocedural sedation during acute stroke therapy associated with poorer functional outcomes?. J Neurointerv Surg 2010, 2(1):67-70.
    • (2010) J Neurointerv Surg , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 67-70
    • Nichols, C.1    Carrozzella, J.2    Yeatts, S.3
  • 45
    • 84860882364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anesthesia and sedation practices among neurointerventionalists during acute ischemic stroke endovascular therapy
    • McDonagh D.L., Olson D.M., Kalia J.S., et al. Anesthesia and sedation practices among neurointerventionalists during acute ischemic stroke endovascular therapy. Front Neurol 2010, 1:118.
    • (2010) Front Neurol , vol.1 , pp. 118
    • McDonagh, D.L.1    Olson, D.M.2    Kalia, J.S.3
  • 46
    • 3042640280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combination of isoflurane and caspase inhibition reduces cerebral injury in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia
    • Inoue S., Drummond J.C., Davis D.P., et al. Combination of isoflurane and caspase inhibition reduces cerebral injury in rats subjected to focal cerebral ischemia. Anesthesiology 2004, 101(1):75-81.
    • (2004) Anesthesiology , vol.101 , Issue.1 , pp. 75-81
    • Inoue, S.1    Drummond, J.C.2    Davis, D.P.3
  • 47
    • 0036237417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol anesthesia compared to awake reduces infarct size in rats
    • Gelb A.W., Bayona N.A., Wilson J.X., et al. Propofol anesthesia compared to awake reduces infarct size in rats. Anesthesiology 2002, 96(5):1183-1190.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , Issue.5 , pp. 1183-1190
    • Gelb, A.W.1    Bayona, N.A.2    Wilson, J.X.3
  • 48
    • 33845949949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isoflurane provides long-term protection against focal cerebral ischemia in the rat
    • [discussion: 98-10]
    • Sakai H., Sheng H., Yates R.B., et al. Isoflurane provides long-term protection against focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Anesthesiology 2007, 106(1):92-99. [discussion: 98-10].
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.106 , Issue.1 , pp. 92-99
    • Sakai, H.1    Sheng, H.2    Yates, R.B.3
  • 49
    • 80055094988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review article: neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs in the developing brain
    • Stratmann G. Review article: neurotoxicity of anesthetic drugs in the developing brain. Anesth Analg 2011, 113(5):1170-1179.
    • (2011) Anesth Analg , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 1170-1179
    • Stratmann, G.1
  • 50
    • 84856232590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cognitive function in humans
    • Zhang B., Tian M., Zhen Y., et al. The effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cognitive function in humans. Anesth Analg 2012, 114(2):410-415.
    • (2012) Anesth Analg , vol.114 , Issue.2 , pp. 410-415
    • Zhang, B.1    Tian, M.2    Zhen, Y.3
  • 51
    • 78649473962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential impacts of modes of anaesthesia on the risk of stroke among preeclamptic women who undergo Caesarean delivery: a population-based study
    • Huang C.J., Fan Y.C., Tsai P.S. Differential impacts of modes of anaesthesia on the risk of stroke among preeclamptic women who undergo Caesarean delivery: a population-based study. Br J Anaesth 2010, 105(6):818-826.
    • (2010) Br J Anaesth , vol.105 , Issue.6 , pp. 818-826
    • Huang, C.J.1    Fan, Y.C.2    Tsai, P.S.3
  • 52
    • 44949133981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GALA: an international multicentre randomised trial comparing general anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery
    • Gough M.J., Bodenham A., Horrocks M., et al. GALA: an international multicentre randomised trial comparing general anaesthesia versus local anaesthesia for carotid surgery. Trials 2008, 9:28.
    • (2008) Trials , vol.9 , pp. 28
    • Gough, M.J.1    Bodenham, A.2    Horrocks, M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.