'Malignant' middle cerebral artery territory infarction: Clinical course and prognostic signs

Archives of Neurology

Volumn 53, Issue 4, 1996, Pages 309-315

  Hacke, Werner ^a   Schwab, Stefan ^a   Horn, Mareus ^a   Spranger, Matthias ^a   De Georgia, Michael ^b   Von Kummer, Rüdiger ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b TUFTS MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN DEATH; BRAIN HERNIA; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN SCINTISCANNING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DOPPLER FLOWMETRY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 0029914446     PISSN: 00039942     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.1996.00550040037012     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. White DB, Norris JW, Hachinski VC. Death in early stroke, causes and mechanisms. Stroke. 1979;10:743
2. Kaste M, Waltimo O. Prognosis of patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke. 1976;7:482-485.
3. Moulin DE, Lo R, Chiang J, Barnett HJM Prognosis in middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke. 1985;16:282-284.
4. Saito I, Segawa H, Shiokawa Y, Taniguchi M, Tsutsumi K. Middle cerebral artery occlusion: correlation of computed tomography with clinical outcome. Stroke. 1987;18:863-868
5. Silver FL, Norris JW, Lewis AJ, Hachinski VC. Early mortality following stroke a prospective review. Stroke. 1984;15 492-496
6. Ng LKY, Nimmannitya J Massive cerebral infarction with severe brain swelling: a clinicopathological study. Stroke. 1970;1:158-163
7. Steiger HJ Outcome of acute supratentorial cerebral infarction in patients under 60: development of a prognostic grading system. Acta Neurochir. 1991; 111:73-79.
8. Hacke W, Kaste M, Fieschi C, et al. Intravenous thrombolysis with a recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute hemispheric stroke: the European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS). JAMA. 1995;274:1017-1025.
9. Shaw CM, Alvord EC, Berry GR. Swelling of the brain following ischemic infarction with arterial occlusion. Arch Neurol. 1959;1:181-177.
10. Brown M, Glassenberg M. Mortality factors in patients with acute stroke JAMA. 1973;224:1493-1495
11. Berry GR, Alpers BJ Occlusion of the carotid circulation: pathologic considerations Neurology 1957;7:223-237.
12. Ropper AH, Shafran B Brain edema after stroke: clinical syndrome and intracranial pressure. Arch Neurol. 1984;41:26-29.
13. Rieke K, Schwab S, Krieger D, von Kummer R, Aschoff A, Hacke W. Decompressive surgery in space occupying hemispheric infarction. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1576-1587.
14. Hacke W, Schwab S, De Georgia M Intensive care of acute ischemic stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 1994;4:385-392.
15. Scandinavian Stroke Study Group Multicenter trial of hemodilution in ischemic stroke: background and study protocol. Stroke. 1985;16:885-890
16. Teasdale G, Jennett B Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage. Lancet. 1975;1:480-484.
17. Rankin J Cerebral vascular accidents in patients over the age of 60: prognosis Scott Med J. 1957;2:200-215.
18. Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index Md State Med J. 1965;14:61-65
19. Pessin MS, del Zoppo GJ, Estol C. Thrombolytic agents in the treatment of stroke. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1990;13:271-289.
20. ECASS Study Group European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study (ECASS): (rt-PA-thrombolysis in acute stroke) study design and progress report. Eur J Neurol. 1995;1:213-219
21. Bounds JV, Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Okazaki H. Mechanisms and timing of deaths from cerebral infarction Stroke. 1981;12:474-477.
22. Koudstaal PJ, Stibbe J, Vermeulen M. Fatal ischaemic brain oedema after early thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute stroke. BMJ. 1988; 297:1571-1574.
23. Hallenbeck JM, Dutka AJ. Background review and current concepts of reperfusion injury. Arch Neurol 1990;47:1245-1254.
24. von Kummer R, Holle R, Rosin L, Forsting M, Hacke W. Does arterial recanalization improve outcome in carotid territory stroke? Stroke. 1995;26:581-587
25. Wardlaw JM, Lindley R, Warlow CP, Dennis MS, Sellar RJ. Swelling in acute ischemic stroke and reperfusion: a prospective study in patients with large infarcts. Cerebrovasc Dis 1992;2:197. Abstract.
26. Mori E, Yoneda Y, Tabuchi M, et al. Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute carotid territory stroke. Neurology. 1992;42 976-982.
27. Wardlaw JM, Warlow CP. Thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke, does it work? Stroke. 1992;23 1826-1839.
28. Tijsen CC, Schulte BPM, Leyten ACM Prognostic significance of conjugate eye deviation in stroke patients Stroke. 1991;22:200-202
29. Burtin P, Bollaert PE, Feldmann L, et al. Prognosis of stroke patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 1994;20:32-36
30. Grotta J, Pasteur W, Khwaja G, Hamel T, Fisher M, Ramirez A Elective intubation for neurologic deterioration after stroke. Neurology. 1995;45:640-644
31. Woodcock J, Ropper AH, Kennedy S. High dose barbiturates in nontraumatic brain swelling: ICP reduction and effect on outcome. Stroke 1932;13:785-787.
32. Frank JI. Large hemispheric infarction, deterioration, and intracranial pressure. Neurology. 1995;45 1286-1290
33. von Kummer R, Meyding-Lamadé U, Forsting M, et al Sensitivity and prognostic value of early computed tomography in occlusion of the middle cerebral artery trunk. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1994;15:9-15
34. Lascelles RG, Burrows EH. Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Brain. 1965; 88:85-96.
35. Allcock JM Occlusion of the middle cerebral artery: serial angiography as a guide to conservative therapy. J Neurosurg 1967;27:353-363.
36. Bozzao L, Bastianello S, Fantozzi LM, Angeloni U, Argentino C, Fieschi C. Correlation of angiographic and sequential CT findings in patients with evolving cerebral infarction AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1989;10:1215-1222.
37. Horowitz SH, Zito JL, Donnarumma R, Patel M, Alvir J. Computed tomographic-angiographic findings within the first 5 hours of cerebral infarction. Stroke. 1991;22 1245-1253.
38. Ringelstein EB, Biniek R, Weiller C, Ammeling B, Nolte PN, Thron A. Type and extent of hemispheric brain infarctions and clinical outcome in early and delayed middle cerebral artery recanalization. Neurology. 1992;42:289-298.
39. Bozzao L, Fantozzi LM, Bastianello S, Bozzao A, Fieschi C Early collateral blood supply and late parenchymal brain damage in patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion Stroke 1989;20:735-740
40. Forsting M, Krieger D, von Kummer R, Hacke W, Sartor K. The prognostic value of collateral blood flow in acute middle cerebral artery occlusion In: del Zoppo GJ, Mori E, Hacke W, eds. Thrombolytic Therapy in Acute Ischemic Stroke II. Berlin, Germany: Springer-Verlag; 1993:160-167.
41. Heiss WD. Flow thresholds of functional and morphological damage of brain tissue. Stroke 1983;14:329-331
42. Von Kummer R, Hacke W. Safety and efficacy of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and heparin in acute middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke. 1992; 23:646-652.
43. del Zoppo GJ, Poeck K, Pessin MS, et al. Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in acute thrombotic and embolic stroke. Ann Neurol 1992;32:78-86.
44. Delashaw JB, Broaddus WC, Kassell NF, et al. Treatment of right hemispheric cerebral infarction by hemicraniectomy. Stroke. 1990;21 874-881.
45. Kondziolka D, Fazl M. Functional recovery after decompressive craniectomy for cerebral infarction. Neurosurgery. 1988;23:143-147