Extremely short duration high-intensity training substantially improves endurance performance in triathletes

Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism

Volumn 37, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 976-981

  Jakeman, John ^a   Adamson, Simon ^b   Babraj, John ^b  

^a OXFORD BROOKES UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ABERTAY DUNDEE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Actate; High intensity; Onset of blood lactate accumulation; Sprint training; Triathlon

Indexed keywords

LACTIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; ATHLETE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; BLOOD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; ENDURANCE; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; FATIGUE; HUMAN; MIDDLE AGED; TIME;

ADULT; ATHLETES; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; EXERCISE; EXERCISE TEST; FATIGUE; HUMANS; LACTIC ACID; MIDDLE AGED; PHYSICAL ENDURANCE; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84865218310     PISSN: 17155312     EISSN: 17155320     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1139/H2012-083     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Abt, J.P., Sell, T.C., Chu, Y., Lovalekar, M., Burdett, R.G., and Lephart, S.M. 2011. Running kinematics and shock absorption do not change after brief exhaustive running. J. Strength Cond. Res. 25(6): 1479-1485. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181ddfcf8. PMID: 21386724.
2. Babraj, J.A., Vollaard, N.B.J., Keast, C., Guppy, F., Cottrell, G., and Timmons, J.A. 2009. Extremely short duration high intensity interval training substantially improves insulin action in young healthy males. BMC Endocr. Disord. 9(1): 3. doi:10.1186/1472-6823-9-3. PMID:19175906.
3. Baker, S.K., McCullagh, K.J.A., and Bonen, A. 1998. Training intensity-dependent and tissue-specific increases in lactate uptake and MCT-1 in heart and muscle. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(3): 987-994. PMID:9480961.
4. Baldari, C., Di Luigi, L., Da Silva, S.G., Gallota, M.C., Emerenziani, G.P., Pesce, C., et al. 2007. Relationship between optimal lactate removal power output and Olympic triathlon performance. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(4): 1160-1165. PMID:18076259.
5. Bogdanis, G.C., Nevill, M.E., Lakomy, H.K.A., and Boobis, L.H. 1998. Power output and muscle metabolism during and following recovery from 10 and 20s of maximal sprint exercise in humans. Acta Physiol. Scand. 163(3): 261-272. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201x. 1998.00378.x. PMID:9715738.
6. Bosquet, L., Leger, L., and Legros, P. 2001. Blood lactate response to overtraining in male endurance athletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 84 (1-2): 107-114. doi:10.1007/s004210000343. PMID:11394238.
7. Burgomaster, K.A., Hughes, S.C., Heigenhauser, G.J., Bradwell, S.N., and Gibala, M.J. 2005. Six sessions of sprint interval training increases muscle oxidative potential and cycle endurance capacity in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 98(6): 1985-1990. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01095.2004. PMID:15705728.
8. Burgomaster, K.A., Heigenhauser, G.J.F., and Gibala, M.J. 2006. Effect of short-term sprint interval training on human skeletal muscle carbohydrate metabolism during exercise and time-trial performance. J. Appl. Physiol. 100(6): 2041-2047. doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.01220.2005. PMID:16469933.
9. Burgomaster, K.A., Cermak, N.M., Phillips, S.M., Benton, C.R., Bonen, A., and Gibala, M.J. 2007. Divergent response of metabolite transport proteins in human skeletal muscle after sprint interval training and detraining. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 292(5): R1970-R1976. doi:10.1152/ajpregu. 00503.2006. PMID:17303684.
10. Burgomaster, K.A., Howarth, K.R., Phillips, S.M., Rakobowchuk, M., MacDonald, M.J., McGee, S.L., and Gibala, M.J. 2008. Similar metabolic adaptations during exercise after low volume sprint interval and traditional endurance training in humans. J. Physiol. 586(1): 151-160. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.142109. PMID:17991697.
11. Casey, A., Short, A.H., Curtis, S., and Greenhaff, P.L. 1996. The effect of glycogen availability on power output and the metabolic response to repeated bouts of maximal, isokinetic exercise in man. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 72(3): 249-255. doi:10. 1007/BF00838647. PMID:8820894.
12. Cohen, J. 1988. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed. Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Hillsdale, N.J., USA.
13. Currell, K., and Jeukendrup, A.E. 2008. Validity, reliability and sensitivity of measures of sporting performance. Sports Med. 38 (4): 297-316. doi:10.2165/00007256-200838040-00003. PMID: 18348590.
14. De Vito, G., Bernardi, M., Sproviero, E., and Figura, F. 1995. Decrease of endurance performance during Olympic triathlon. Int. J. Sports Med. 16(1): 24-28. doi:10.1055/s-2007-972958. PMID: 7713626.
15. Denadai, B.S., Gomide, E.B.G., and Greco, C.C. 2005. The relationship between onset of blood lactate accumulation, critical velocity and maximal lactate steady state in soccer players. J. Strength Cond. Res. 19(2): 364-368. PMID:15903376.
16. Gaitanos, G.C., Williams, C., Boobis, H., and Brooks, S. 1993. Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 75(2): 712-719. PMID:8226473.
17. Gibala, M.J., Little, J.P., van Essen, M., Wilkin, G.P., Burgomaster, K.A., Safdar, A., et al. 2006. Short-term sprint interval versus traditional endurance training: similar initial adaptations in human skeletal muscle and exercise performance. J. Physiol. 575(3): 901-911. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112094. PMID:16825308.
18. Gosling, C.M., Gabbe, B.J., and Forbes, A.B. 2008. Triathlon related musculoskeletal injuries: The status of injury prevention knowledge. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 11(4): 396-406. doi:10.1016/j.jsams. 2007.07.009. PMID:17869584.
19. Heck, H., Mader, A., Hess, G., Mucke, S., Muller, R., and Hollmann, W. 1985. Justification of the 4 mmol/L lactae threshold. Int. J. Sports Med. 6(3): 117-130. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1025824. PMID: 4030186.
20. Hirakoba, K., Maruyama, A., Inaki, M., and Misaka, K. 1992. Effect of endurance training on excessive CO2 expiration due to lactate production in exercise. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 64 (1): 73-77. doi:10.1007/BF00376444. PMID:1735416.
21. Holloszy, J.O., and Booth, F.W. 1976. Biochemical adaptations to endurance exercise in muscle. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 38(1): 273-291. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.38.030176.001421. PMID:130825.
22. Hopkins G.W. 2003. A spreadsheet for analysis of straightforward controlled trials. Sportscience, 7. Available from sportsci.org/jour/03/wghtrials.htm. [Accessed 10 January 2012.]
23. Hurley, B.F., Hagberg, J.M., Allen, W.K., Seals, D.R., Young, J.C., Cuddihee, R.W., and Holloszy, J.O. 1984. Effect of training on blood lactate levels during submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 56(5): 1260-1264. PMID:6725086.
24. Jacobs, R.A., Rasmussen, P., Siebenmann, C., Diaz, V., Gassmann, M., Pesta, D., et al. 2011. Determinants of time trial performance and maximal incremental exercise in highly trained endurance athletes. J. Appl. Physiol. 111(5): 1422-1430. doi:10.1152/ japplphysiol.00625.2011. PMID:21885805.
25. Jones, A.M., and Carter, H. 2000. The effect of endurance training on parameters of aerobic fitness. Sports Med. 29(6): 373-386. doi:10. 2165/00007256-200029060-00001. PMID:10870864.
26. Kohrt, W.M., O'Connor, J.S., and Skinner, J.S. 1989. Longitudinal assessment of responses by triathletes to swimming, cycling, and running. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21(5): 569-575. PMID:2607947.
27. Linossier, M.T., Denis, C., Dormois, D., Geyssant, A., and Lacour, J.R. 1993. Ergometric and metabolic adaptation to a 5-s sprint training programme. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 67 (5): 408-414. doi:10.1007/BF00376456. PMID:8299612.
28. Linossier, M.T., Dormois, D., Perier, C., Frey, J., Geyssant, A., and Denis, C. 1997. Enyme adaptations of human skeletal muscle during bicycle short sprint training and detraining. Acta Physiol. Scand. 161(4): 439-445. doi:10.1046/j.1365-201X.1997.00244.x. PMID:9429650.
29. MacDougall, J.D., Hicks, A.L., MacDonald, J.R., McKelvie, R.S., Green, H.J., and Smith, K.M. 1998. Muscle performance and enzymatic adaptations to sprint interval training. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(6): 2138-2142. PMID:9609810.
30. Millet, G.P., Dreano, P., and Bentley, D.J. 2003. Physiological characteristics of elite short and long distance triathletes. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 88(4-5): 427-430. doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0731-0. PMID:12527973.
31. Rakobowchuk, M., Tanguay, S., Burgomaster, K.A., Howarth, K.R., Gibala, M.J., and Macdonald, M.J. 2008. Sprint interval and traditional endurance training induce similar improvements in peripheral arterial stiffness and flow mediated dilation in healthy humans. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 295(1): R236-R242. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00069.2008. PMID:18434437.
32. Rodas, G., Ventura, J.L., Cadefau, J.A., Cusso, R., and Parra, J. 2000. A short training programme for the rapid improvement of both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5-6): 480-486. doi:10.1007/s004210000223. PMID:10985604.
33. Sjödin, B., Jacobs, I., and Svendenhag, J. 1982. Changes in onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and muscle enzymes after training at OBLA. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol. 49(1): 45-57. doi:10.1007/BF00428962. PMID:6213407.
34. Suriano, R., and Bishop, D. 2010. Physiological attributes of triathletes. J. Sci. Med. Sport, 13(3): 340-347. doi:10.1016/j. jsams.2009.03.008. PMID:19577959.
35. van Hall, G., Jensen-Urstad, M., Rosdahl, H., Holmberg, H.C., Saltin, B., and Calbet, J.A. 2003. Leg and arm lactate and substrate kinetics during exercise. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 284 (1): E193-E205. doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00273.2002. PMID: 12388120.