The caregiver stress process and health outcomes

Journal of Aging and Health

Volumn 19, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 871-887

  Son, Juheui ^a   Erno, Amy ^b   Shea, Dennis G ^a   Femia, Elia E ^a   Zarit, Steven H ^a,d   Parris Stephens, Mary Ann ^c  

^a PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Fetterolf Dental Medicine   (United States)

^c KENT STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d Department of Human Development and Family Studies ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

Caregivers; Dementia; Health costs; Stress

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CAREGIVER; COMMUNITY LIVING; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; HEALTH; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICE; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; RELATIVE; SELF REPORT; STRESS;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; CAREGIVERS; COST OF ILLNESS; DEMENTIA; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH SERVICES; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEW JERSEY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); PENNSYLVANIA; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 36249026318     PISSN: 08982643     EISSN: 15526887     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0898264307308568     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Alexander, D.A., & Klein, S. (2001). Caring for others can seriously damage your health. Hospital Medicine, 62 (5) 264-267.
2. Almberg, B., Grafström, M., & Winblad, B. (1997). Major strain and coping strategies as reported by family members who care for aged demented relatives. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 26, 683-691.
3. American Medical Association. (1997-1998). Socioeconomic characteristics of medical practice. Chicago: Center for Health Policy Research.
4. Aneshensel, C.S., Pearlin, L.I., Mullan, J.T., Zarit, S.H., & Whitlatch, C.J. (1995). Profiles in caregiving: The unexpected career. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
5. Asada, T., Kinoshita, T., & Kakuma, T. (2000). Analysis of behavioral disturbances among community-dwelling elderly with Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 14, 160-167.
6. Burns, A. (2000). The burden of Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 3 (Suppl. 2). S31 - S38.
7. Cacioppo, J.T., Poehlmann, K.M., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Malarkey, W.B., Burleson, M.H., Berntson, G.G., et al. (1998). Cellular immune responses to acute stress in female caregivers of dementia patients and matched controls. Health Psychology, 17, 182-189.
8. Ernst, R.L., & Hay, J.W. (1994). The U.S. economic and social costs of Alzheimer's disease revisited. American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1261-1264.
9. Esterling, B.A., Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., & Glaser, R. (1996). Psychosocial modulation of cytokine-induced natural killer cell activity in older adults. Psychosomatic Medicine, 58, 264-272.
10. Fauth, E.R., Zarit, S.H., Femia, E.E., & Hofer, S.M. (2006). Short-term trajectories of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 10, 563-573.
11. Femia, E.E., Leitsch, S.A., Zarit, S.H., & Stephens, M.A.P. (2001, November). Behavior problems in dementia: Measurement and comparison of daily and weekly reports. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Gerontological Society of America, Chicago.
12. Fillit, H.M. (2000). The pharmacoeconomics of Alzheimer's disease. The American Journal of Managed Care, 6, S1139 - S1148.
13. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). " Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
14. Gallant, M.P., & Connell, C.M. (1998). The stress process among dementia spouse caregivers. Research on Aging, 20, 267-297.
15. Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K. (1997). Chronic stress modulates the virus-specific immune response to latent herpes simplex virus type. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 78-82.
16. Haley, W.E., Roth, D.L., Coleton, M.I., Ford, G.R., West, C.A.C., Collins, R.P., et al. (1996). Appraisal, coping and social support as mediators of well-being in Black and White Alzheimer's family caregivers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 121-129.
17. Health Care Financing Administration, Office of the Actuary, Office of National Health Statistics. (1992). Medicare current beneficiary study: CY 1992 access to care. Baltimore: Public Use Documentation.
18. Jarrott, S.E., Zarit, S.H., Stephens, M.A.P., Townsend, A.L., & Greene, R. (2000). Effects of adult day service programs on time usage by employed and non-employed caregivers. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 19, 371-388.
19. Johnson, N., Davis, T., & Bosanquet, N. (2000). The epidemic of Alzheimer's disease. How can we manage the costs? Pharmacoeconomics, 18, 215-223.
20. Judd, C.M., & Kenny, D.A. (1981). Process analysis: Estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Evaluation Review, 5, 602-619.
21. Kiecolt-Glaser, J.K., Marucha, P.T., Malarkey, W.B., Mercado, A.M., & Glaser, R. (1995). Slowing of wound healing by psychological stress. The Lancet, 346, 1194-1196.
22. Lazarus, R.S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer.
23. Lieberman, M.A., & Fisher, L. (1995). The impact of chronic illness on the health and well-being of family members. The Gerontologist, 35, 94-102.
24. Mackinnon, D.P., & Dwyer, J.H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17, 144-158.
25. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2000). Household component analytical tool (MEPSnet/HC). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research & Quality.
26. Mittelman, M.S., Roth, D.L., Haley, W.E., & Zarit, S.H. (2004). Effects of a caregiver intervention on negative caregiver appraisals of behavior problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a randomized trial. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 59B, P27 - P34.
27. Monini, P., Tognetti, A., Cinque, R., Di Franco, F., & Bartorelli, L. (2001). The importance of awareness: An experience of small support groups for the caregivers of Alzheimer's disease patients. Archives of Gerontology, 33 (Suppl. 7). 267-271.
28. Moore, M.J., Zhu, C.W., & Clipp, E.C. (2001). Informal costs of dementia care: Estimates from the National Longitudinal Caregiver Study. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological and Social Sciences, 56B, 4, S219 - S228.
29. Nourhashemi, F., Andrieu, S., Sastres, N., Ducasse, J.L., Lauque, D., Sinclair, A.J., et al. (2001). Descriptive analysis of emergency hospital admissions of patients with Alzheimer disease. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 15, 21-25.
30. Pearlin, L.I., Mullan, J.T., Semple, S.J., & Skaff, M.M. (1990). Caregiving and the stress process: An overview of concepts and their measures. The Gerontologist, 30, 583-594.
31. Pruchno, R.A., Kleban, M.H., Michaels, J.E., & Dempsey, N.P. (1990). Mental and physical health of caregiving spouses: Development of a causal model. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 45B, P192 - P199.
32. Pruchno, R.A., & Resch, N.L. (1989). Aberrant behaviors and Alzheimer's disease: Mental health effects on spouse caregivers. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 44B, S177 - S182.
33. Rovine, M.J., von Eye, A., & Wood, P. (1988). The effect of low covariate criterion correlations on the analysis-of-covariance. In E. Wegmen (Ed.)., Computer science and statistics: Proceedings of the 20th symposium of the interface (pp. 355-357). Alexandria, VA: American Statistical Association.
34. Schulz, R., & Beach, S.R. (1999). Caregiving as a risk factor for mortality. JAMA, 282, 2215-2219.
35. Schulz, R., Burgio, L., Burns, R., Eisdorfer, C., Gallagher-Thompson, D., Gitlin, L.N., et al. (2003). Resources for Enhancing Alzheimer's Caregiver Health (REACH): Overview, site-specific outcomes, and future directions. The Gerontologist, 43, 514-520.
36. Schulz, R., Newsom, J., Mittelmark, M., Burton, L., Hirsch, C., & Jackson, S. (1997). Health effects of caregiving: The caregiver health effects study: An ancillary study of the cardiovascular health study. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 110-116.
37. Schulz, R., O'Brien, A.T., Bookwala, J., & Fleissner, K. (1995). Psychiatric and physical morbidity effects of Alzheimer's disease caregiving: Prevalence, correlates and causes. The Gerontologist, 35, 771-791.
38. Shanks-McElroy, H.A., & Strobino, J. (2001). Male caregivers of spouses with Alzheimer's disease: Risk factors and health status. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias, 16, 3, 167-175.
39. Shaw, W.S., Patterson, T.L., Semple, S.J., Ho, S., Irwin, M.R., Hauger, R.L., et al. (1997). Longitudinal analysis of multiple indicators of health decline among spousal caregivers. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 19, 101-109.
40. Soldo, B.J., Hurd, M.D., Rodgers, W.L., & Wallace, R.B. (1997). Asset and health dynamics among the oldest old: An overview of the AHEAD study. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 52B, P1 - P20.
41. Teel, C.S., & Press, A.N. (1999). Fatigue among elders in caregiving and noncaregiving roles. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 21, 4, 498-520.
42. Vitaliano, P.P., Zhang, J., & Scanlan, J.M. (2003). Is caregiving hazardous to one's physical health? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 946-972.
43. von Kanel, R., Dimsdale, J.E., Ziegler, M.G., Mills, P.J., Patterson, T.L., Lee, S.K., et al. (2001). Effect of acute psychological stress on the hypercoagulable state in subjects (spousal caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease) with coronary or cerebrovascular disease and/or systemic hypertension. American Journal of Cardiology, 87, 1405-1407.
44. Weinberger, M., Gold, D.T., Divine, G.W., Cowper, P.A., Hodgson, L.G., Schreiner, P.J., et al. (1993). Expenditures in caring for patients with dementia who live at home. American Journal of Public Health, 83, 338-341.
45. Zarit, S.H., Reever, K.E., & Bach-Peterson, J. (1980). Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feelings of burden. The Gerontologist, 20, 649-655.
46. Zarit, S.H., Stephens, M.A.P., Townsend, A., & Greene, R. (1998). Stress reduction for family caregivers: Effects of day care use. Journals of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 53B, S267 - S277.
47. Zhang, J., Vitaliano, P.P., & Lin, H.H. (2006). Relations of caregiving stress and health depend on the health indicators used and gender. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 13, 173-181.