Lipoprotein(a) as a potential causal genetic risk factor of cardiovascular disease: A rationale for increased efforts to understand its pathophysiology and develop targeted therapies

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Volumn 60, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 716-721

  Tsimikas, Sotirios ^a   Hall, Jennifer L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

Author keywords

cardiovascular disease; Lp(a); therapy

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; APOLIPOPROTEIN A; APOLIPOPROTEIN B100; CHOLESTEROL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITOR; ESTROGEN; FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AGONIST; HORMONE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; LIPOPROTEIN A; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN; MIPOMERSEN; NICOTINIC ACID; PHOSPHOLIPASE A2; PHOSPHOLIPID; SERINE PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; THYROMIMETIC AGENT; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

APOPTOSIS; ATHEROGENESIS; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CAUCASIAN; CONFOUNDING VARIABLE; CORONARY ARTERY ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CORONARY ARTERY THROMBOSIS; DIETARY INTAKE; DISEASE MODEL; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; FIBRINOLYSIS; GENE; GENETIC REASSORTMENT; GENETIC RISK; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LIPID OXIDATION; LIPOPROTEIN SYNTHESIS; LPA GENE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); NEGRO; NONHUMAN; OUTCOMES RESEARCH; PATHOGENESIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK REDUCTION;

AFRICAN AMERICANS; ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CHOLESTEROL, HDL; CHOLESTEROL, LDL; EUROPEAN CONTINENTAL ANCESTRY GROUP; HUMANS; HYPOLIPIDEMIC AGENTS; LIPOPROTEIN(A); MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; OXIDATIVE STRESS; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 84865120887     PISSN: 07351097     EISSN: 15583597     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.04.038     Document Type: Review

References (32)

1. P. Libby, P.M. Ridker, G.K. Hansson Progress and challenges in translating the biology of atherosclerosis Nature 473 2011 317 325
2. Y.I. Miller, S.H. Choi, P. Wiesner Oxidation-specific epitopes are danger-associated molecular patterns recognized by pattern recognition receptors of innate immunity Circ Res 108 2011 235 248
3. H.H. Hobbs, A.L. White Lipoprotein(a): intrigues and insights Curr Opin Lipidol 10 1999 225 236 (Pubitemid 29405913)
4. B.G. Nordestgaard, M.J. Chapman, K. Ray Lipoprotein(a) as a cardiovascular risk factor: current status Eur Heart J 31 2010 2844 2853
5. The Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration S. Erqou, S. Kaptoge, P.L. Perry Lipoprotein(a) concentration and the risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, and nonvascular mortality JAMA 302 2009 412 423
6. Helgadottir, S. Gretarsdottir, G. Thorleifsson Apolipoprotein (a) gentic sequence variants associated with systemic atherosclerosis and coronary atherosclerosis burden but not with venous thromboembolism J Am Coll Cardiol 60 2012 722 729
7. J.B. Dube, M.B. Boffa, R.A. Hegele, M.L. Koschinsky Lipoprotein(a): more interesting than ever after 50 years Curr Opin Lipidol 23 2012 133 140
8. K. Berg A new serum type system in manthe LP system Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 59 1963 369 382
9. J.W. McLean, J.E. Tomlinson, W.J. Kuang cDNA sequence of human apolipoprotein(a) is homologous to plasminogen Nature 330 1987 132 137 (Pubitemid 17158542)
10. S. Tsimikas, P. Clopton, E.S. Brilakis Relationship of oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 particles to race/ethnicity, apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, and cardiovascular risk factors: results from the Dallas Heart Study Circulation 119 2009 1711 1719
11. Y. Li, M.M. Luke, D. Shiffman, J.J. Devlin Genetic variants in the apolipoprotein(a) gene and coronary heart disease Circ Cardiovasc Genet 4 2011 565 573
12. R. Clarke, J.F. Peden, J.C. Hopewell Genetic variants associated with Lp(a) lipoprotein level and coronary disease N Engl J Med 361 2009 2518 2528
13. S.M. Marcovina, J.J. Albers, A.M. Scanu Use of a reference material proposed by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine to evaluate analytical methods for the determination of plasma lipoprotein(a) Clin Chem 46 2000 1956 1967
14. S.M. Marcovina, M.L. Koschinsky, J.J. Albers, S. Skarlatos Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on Lipoprotein(a) and Cardiovascular Disease: recent advances and future directions Clin Chem 49 2003 1785 1796 (Pubitemid 37340313)
15. M.L. Koschinsky, S. Marcovina, Lipoprotein(a) 2009 Saunders Elsevier Philadelphia, PA
16. S.S. Virani, A. Brautbar, B.C. Davis Associations between lipoprotein(a) levels and cardiovascular outcomes in black and white subjects: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study Circulation 125 2012 241 249
17. S. Kiechl, J. Willeit, M. Mayr Oxidized phospholipids, lipoprotein(a), lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 activity, and 10-year cardiovascular outcomes: prospective results from the Bruneck study Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27 2007 1788 1795 (Pubitemid 47207175)
18. S. Tsimikas, Z. Mallat, P.J. Talmud Oxidation-specific biomarkers, lipoprotein(a), and risk of fatal and nonfatal coronary events J Am Coll Cardiol 56 2010 946 955
19. P.R. Kamstrup, A. Tybjaerg-Hansen, R. Steffensen, B.G. Nordestgaard Genetically elevated lipoprotein(a) and increased risk of myocardial infarction JAMA 301 2009 2331 2339
20. M.L. Koschinsky, S.M. Marcovina Structure-function relationships in apolipoprotein(a): insights into lipoprotein(a) assembly and pathogenicity Curr Opin Lipidol 15 2004 167 174 (Pubitemid 38453403)
21. A. Taleb, J.L. Witztum, S. Tsimikas Oxidized phospholipids on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL/apoB) containing lipoproteins: a biomarker predicting cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular events Biomark Med 5 2011 673 694
22. T.A. Seimon, M.J. Nadolski, X. Liao Atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins trigger CD36-TLR2-dependent apoptosis in macrophages undergoing endoplasmic reticulum stress Cell Metab 12 2010 467 482
23. Ravandi A, Harkewicz R, Leibundgut G, et al. Identification of oxidized phospholipids and cholesteryl esters in embolic protection devices post percutaneous coronary, carotid and peripheral interventions in humans. Presented at: ATVB 2011 Scientific Sessions. April 2830, 2011; Chicago, IL.
24. G. Leibundgut, K. Arai, A. Orsoni Oxidized phospholipids are present on plasminogen, affect fibrinolysis, and increase following acute myocardial infarction J Am Coll Cardiol 59 2012 1426 1437
25. P. Libby Counterregulation rules in atherothrombosis J Am Coll Cardiol 59 2012 1438 1440
26. S. Tsimikas, E.S. Brilakis, E.R. Miller Oxidized phospholipids, Lp(a) lipoprotein, and coronary artery disease N Engl J Med 353 2005 46 57 (Pubitemid 41007806)
27. E. Merki, M. Graham, A. Taleb Antisense oligonucleotide lowers plasma levels of apolipoprotein (a) and lipoprotein (a) in transgenic mice J Am Coll Cardiol 57 2011 1611 1621
28. S. Tsimikas, L.D. Tsironis, A.D. Tselepis New insights into the role of lipoprotein(a)-associated lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27 2007 2094 2099 (Pubitemid 350287235)
29. F.J. Raal, R.D. Santos, D.J. Blom Mipomersen, an apolipoprotein B synthesis inhibitor, for lowering of LDL cholesterol concentrations in patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Lancet 375 2010 998 1006
30. D.I. Chasman, D. Shiffman, R.Y.L. Zee Polymorphism in the apolipoprotein(a) gene, plasma lipoprotein(a), cardiovascular disease, and low-dose aspirin therapy Atherosclerosis 203 2009 371 376
31. I. Chennamsetty, T. Claudel, K.M. Kostner Farnesoid X receptor represses hepatic human APOA gene expression J Clin Invest 121 2011 3724 3734
32. M.H. Davidson, C.M. Ballantyne, T.A. Jacobson Clinical utility of inflammatory markers and advanced lipoprotein testing: advice from an expert panel of lipid specialists J Clin Lipidol 5 2011 338 367