Postmenopausal hormone therapy and colorectal cancer risk by molecularly defined subtypes among older women

Gut

Volumn 61, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1299-1305

  Limsui, David ^a   Vierkant, Robert A ^a   Tillmans, Lori S ^a   Wang, Alice H ^a   Weisenberger, Daniel J ^b   Laird, Peter W ^b   Lynch, Charles F ^c   Anderson, Kristin E ^d   French, Amy J ^a   Haile, Robert W ^e   Harnack, Lisa J ^f   Potter, John D ^g   Slager, Susan L ^a   Smyrk, Thomas C ^a   Thibodeau, Stephen N ^a   Cerhan, James R ^a   Limburg, Paul J ^a  

^a MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^g Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

B RAF KINASE; ESTROGEN; GESTAGEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CARCINOGENESIS; COHORT ANALYSIS; COLORECTAL CANCER; CPG ISLAND; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; FEMALE; GENE MUTATION; HORMONAL THERAPY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; PHENOTYPE; POSTMENOPAUSAL HORMONE THERAPY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; WILD TYPE;

AGED; COHORT STUDIES; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; IOWA; MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY; MIDDLE AGED; MUTATION; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS B-RAF; QUESTIONNAIRES; REGISTRIES; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84865000709     PISSN: 00175749     EISSN: 14683288     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300719     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Siegel R, Ward E, Brawley O, et al. Cancer statistics, 2011: the impact of eliminating socioeconomic and racial disparities on premature cancer deaths. CA Cancer J Clin 2011;61:212-36.
2. Edwards BK, Ward E, Kohler BA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975-2006, featuring colorectal cancer trends and impact of interventions (risk factors, screening, and treatment) to reduce future rates. Cancer 2010;116:544-73.
3. Grodstein F, Newcomb PA, Stampfer MJ. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and the risk of colorectal cancer: a review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 1999;106:574-82. (Pubitemid 29231110)
4. Chan AT, Giovannucci EL. Primary prevention of colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2029-43.e10.
5. Hulley S, Furberg C, Barrett-Connor E, et al. Noncardiovascular disease outcomes during 6.8 years of hormone therapy: Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study follow-up (HERS II). JAMA 2002;288:58-66. (Pubitemid 34705519)
6. Hulley S, Grady D, Bush T, et al. Randomized trial of estrogen plus progestin for secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study (HERS) Research Group. JAMA 1998;280:605-13. (Pubitemid 28502636)
7. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33. (Pubitemid 34761611)
8. Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, et al. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004;291:1701-12. (Pubitemid 38489892)
9. Pino MS, Chung DC. The chromosomal instability pathway in colon cancer. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2059-72.
10. Boland CR, Goel A. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2073-87.e3.
11. Leggett B, Whitehall V. Role of the serrated pathway in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2088-100.
12. Slattery ML, Potter JD, Curtin K, et al. Estrogens reduce and withdrawal of estrogens increase risk of microsatellite instability-positive colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001;61:126-30. (Pubitemid 32095709)
13. Newcomb PA, Zheng Y, Chia VM, et al. Estrogen plus progestin use, microsatellite instability, and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Res 2007;67:7534-9. (Pubitemid 47206584)
14. Wu AH, Siegmund KD, Long TI, et al. Hormone therapy, DNA methylation and colon cancer. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:1060-7.
15. Folsom AR, Mink PJ, Sellers TA, et al. Hormonal replacement therapy and morbidity and mortality in a prospective study of postmenopausal women. Am J Public Health 1995;85:1128-32.
16. Folsom AR, Kaye SA, Prineas RJ, et al. Increased incidence of carcinoma of the breast associated with abdominal adiposity in postmenopausal women. Am J Epidemiol 1990;131:794-803. (Pubitemid 20133921)
17. Bisgard KM, Folsom AR, Hong CP, et al. Mortality and cancer rates in nonrespondents to a prospective study of older women: 5-year follow-up. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:990-1000. (Pubitemid 24156695)
18. Hankey BF, Ries LA, Edwards BK. The surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program: a national resource. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:1117-21. (Pubitemid 30004912)
19. Limsui D, Vierkant RA, Tillmans LS, et al. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer risk by molecularly defined subtypes. J Natl Cancer Inst 2010;102:1012-22.
20. Cunningham JM, Kim CY, Christensen ER, et al. The frequency of hereditary defective mismatch repair in a prospective series of unselected colorectal carcinomas. Am J Hum Genet 2001;69:780-90. (Pubitemid 32868523)
21. Boland CR, Thibodeau SN, Hamilton SR, et al. A National Cancer Institute Workshop on Microsatellite Instability for cancer detection and familial predisposition: development of international criteria for the determination of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 1998;58:5248-57.
22. Thibodeau SN, French AJ, Cunningham JM, et al. Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: different mutator phenotypes and the principal involvement of hMLH1. Cancer Res 1998;58:1713-18. (Pubitemid 28215098)
23. Weisenberger DJ, Siegmund KD, Campan M, et al. CpG island methylator phenotype underlies sporadic microsatellite instability and is tightly associated with BRAF mutation in colorectal cancer. Nat Genet 2006;38:787-93. (Pubitemid 43980599)
24. Korn EL, Graubard BI, Midthune D. Time-to-event analysis of longitudinal follow-up of a survey: choice of the time-scale. Am J Epidemiol 1997;145:72-80. (Pubitemid 27009060)
25. Lunn M, McNeil D. Applying Cox regression to competing risks. Biometrics 1995;51:524-32.
26. Shen L, Catalano PJ, Benson AB 3rd, et al. Association between DNA methylation and shortened survival in patients with advanced colorectal cancer treated with 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:6093-8. (Pubitemid 350075067)
27. Jass JR. Classification of colorectal cancer based on correlation of clinical, morphological and molecular features. Histopathology 2007;50:113-30. (Pubitemid 44953403)
28. Sweeney C, Boucher KM, Samowitz WS, et al. Oncogenetic tree model of somatic mutations and DNA methylation in colon tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2009;48:1-9.
29. Issa JP. Colon cancer: it's CIN or CIMP. Clin Cancer Res 2008;14:5939-40.
30. Hemminki E, Kennedy DL, Baum C, et al. Prescribing of noncontraceptive estrogens and progestins in the United States, 1974-86. Am J Public Health 1988;78:1479-81. (Pubitemid 18259693)
31. Sellers TA, Mink PJ, Cerhan JR, et al. The role of hormone replacement therapy in the risk for breast cancer and total mortality in women with a family history of breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:973-80. (Pubitemid 27516608)
32. Prentice RL, Pettinger M, Beresford SA, et al. Colorectal cancer in relation to postmenopausal estrogen and estrogen plus progestin in the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:1531-7.
33. Tannen RL, Weiner MG, Xie D, et al. Estrogen affects post-menopausal women differently than estrogen plus progestin replacement therapy. Hum Reprod 2007;22:1769-77. (Pubitemid 47055170)
34. Johnson JR, Lacey JV Jr, Lazovich D, et al. Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of colorectal cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:196-203.
35. Hildebrand JS, Jacobs EJ, Campbell PT, et al. Colorectal cancer incidence and postmenopausal hormone use by type, recency, and duration in cancer prevention study II. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18:2835-41.
36. Miyamoto T, Shiozawa T, Kashima H, et al. Estrogen up-regulates mismatch repair activity in normal and malignant endometrial glandular cells. Endocrinology 2006;147:4863-70. (Pubitemid 44402193)
37. Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, et al. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010;95:s1-s66.
38. Pines A, Sturdee DW, Birkhauser MH, et al. HRT in the early menopause: scientific evidence and common perceptions. Climacteric 2008;11:267-72. (Pubitemid 352032239)
39. Prentice RL, Manson JE, Langer RD, et al. Benefits and risks of postmenopausal hormone therapy when it is initiated soon after menopause. Am J Epidemiol 2009;170:12-23.
40. LaCroix AZ, Chlebowski RT, Manson JE, et al. Health outcomes after stopping conjugated equine estrogens among postmenopausal women with prior hysterectomy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2011;305:1305-14.
41. Barrett-Connor E. Postmenopausal estrogen and prevention bias. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:455-6.
42. Troisi R, Schairer C, Chow WH, et al. A prospective study of menopausal hormones and risk of colorectal cancer (United States). Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:130-8. (Pubitemid 27170367)