메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1175-1184

A quantitative review of the profile and time course of symptom change in schizophrenia treated with clozapine

Author keywords

antipsychotic; BPRS; Clozapine; PANSS; schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

BENZATROPINE; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLOZAPINE; HALOPERIDOL; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 84864997115     PISSN: 02698811     EISSN: 14617285     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0269881112440513     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (7)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0345167930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed-onset hypothesis of antipsychotic action: A hypothesis tested and rejected
    • Agid O, Kapur S, Arenovich T, Zipursky RB. Delayed-onset hypothesis of antipsychotic action: a hypothesis tested and rejected. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 ; 60: 1228-1235
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 1228-1235
    • Agid, O.1    Kapur, S.2    Arenovich, T.3    Zipursky, R.B.4
  • 2
    • 46249123414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset of antipsychotic response in the treatment of acutely agitated patients with psychotic disorders
    • Agid O, Kapur S, Warrington L, et al. Early onset of antipsychotic response in the treatment of acutely agitated patients with psychotic disorders. Schizophrenia Res. 2008 ; 102: 241-248
    • (2008) Schizophrenia Res , vol.102 , pp. 241-248
    • Agid, O.1    Kapur, S.2    Warrington, L.3
  • 3
    • 10744231049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine versus clozapine in treatment-resistant or treatment-intolerant schizophrenia
    • Bitter I, Dossenbach MR, Brook S, et al. Olanzapine versus clozapine in treatment-resistant or treatment-intolerant schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2004 ; 28: 173-180
    • (2004) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 173-180
    • Bitter, I.1    Dossenbach, M.R.2    Brook, S.3
  • 4
    • 0031978034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone versus clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind study
    • Bondolfi G, Dufour H, Patris M, et al. Risperidone versus clozapine in treatment-resistant chronic schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind study. Am J Psychiatry. 1998 ; 155: 499-504
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 499-504
    • Bondolfi, G.1    Dufour, H.2    Patris, M.3
  • 5
    • 0035065899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
    • Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, et al. Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry. 2001 ; 158: 518-526
    • (2001) Am J Psychiatry , vol.158 , pp. 518-526
    • Chakos, M.1    Lieberman, J.2    Hoffman, E.3
  • 6
    • 67649876110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal thresholds of early response to atypical antipsychotics: Application of signal detection methods
    • Chen L, Ascher-Svanum H, Stauffer V, et al. Optimal thresholds of early response to atypical antipsychotics: application of signal detection methods. Schizophrenia Res. 2009 ; 113: 34-40
    • (2009) Schizophrenia Res , vol.113 , pp. 34-40
    • Chen, L.1    Ascher-Svanum, H.2    Stauffer, V.3
  • 9
  • 10
    • 1842435000 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early prediction of antipsychotic response in schizophrenia
    • Correll CU, Malhotra AK, Kaushik S, et al. Early prediction of antipsychotic response in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 ; 160: 2063-2065
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 2063-2065
    • Correll, C.U.1    Malhotra, A.K.2    Kaushik, S.3
  • 11
    • 85047697275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course for antipsychotic treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia
    • Emsley R, Rabinowitz J, Medori R. Time course for antipsychotic treatment response in first-episode schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 ; 163: 743-745
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 743-745
    • Emsley, R.1    Rabinowitz, J.2    Medori, R.3
  • 12
    • 0026718710 scopus 로고
    • Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine
    • Farde L, Nordström A-L, Wiesel F-A, et al. Positron emission tomographic analysis of central D1 and D2 dopamine receptor occupancy in patients treated with classical neuroleptics and clozapine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 ; 49: 538-544
    • (1992) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 538-544
    • Farde, L.1    Nordström, A.-L.2    Wiesel, F.-A.3
  • 13
    • 0017261986 scopus 로고
    • An example of European multicenter trials: Multispectral analysis of clozapine
    • Fischer-Cornelssen KA, Ferner UJ. An example of European multicenter trials: multispectral analysis of clozapine. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1976 ; 12: 34-39
    • (1976) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.12 , pp. 34-39
    • Fischer-Cornelssen, K.A.1    Ferner, U.J.2
  • 14
    • 0018397874 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine versus chlorpromazine for the treatment of schizophrenia: Preliminary results from a double-blind study
    • Gelenberg AJ, Doller JC. Clozapine versus chlorpromazine for the treatment of schizophrenia: preliminary results from a double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1979 ; 40: 238-240
    • (1979) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.40 , pp. 238-240
    • Gelenberg, A.J.1    Doller, J.C.2
  • 15
    • 33746666584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential early onset of therapeutic response with risperidone vs conventional antipsychotics in patients with chronic schizophrenia
    • Glick ID, Shkedy Z, Schreiner A. Differential early onset of therapeutic response with risperidone vs conventional antipsychotics in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2006 ; 21: 261-266
    • (2006) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 261-266
    • Glick, I.D.1    Shkedy, Z.2    Schreiner, A.3
  • 16
    • 26444483380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of untreated psychosis and time to treatment response for delusions and hallucinations
    • Gunduz-Bruce H, McMeniman M, Robinson DG, et al. Duration of untreated psychosis and time to treatment response for delusions and hallucinations. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 ; 162: 1966-1969
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 1966-1969
    • Gunduz-Bruce, H.1    McMeniman, M.2    Robinson, D.G.3
  • 17
    • 0028087107 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone versus clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with acute symptoms: A double blind, randomized trial
    • Heinrich K, Klieser E, Lehmann E, et al. Risperidone versus clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenic patients with acute symptoms: a double blind, randomized trial. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 1994 ; 18: 129-137
    • (1994) Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.18 , pp. 129-137
    • Heinrich, K.1    Klieser, E.2    Lehmann, E.3
  • 18
    • 70449574214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A translational research approach to poor treatment response in schizophrenia: Clozapine- antipsychotic polypharmacy
    • Honer WG, Procyshyn RM, Chen EYH, et al. A translational research approach to poor treatment response in schizophrenia: clozapine- antipsychotic polypharmacy. J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2009 ; 34: 433-442
    • (2009) J Psychiatry Neurosci , vol.34 , pp. 433-442
    • Honer, W.G.1    Procyshyn, R.M.2    Eyh, C.3
  • 19
    • 0021714648 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine antipsychotic activity in treatment-resistant schizophrenics
    • Honigfeld G, Patin J, Singer J. Clozapine antipsychotic activity in treatment-resistant schizophrenics. Adv Therapy. 1984 ; 1: 77-97
    • (1984) Adv Therapy , vol.1 , pp. 77-97
    • Honigfeld, G.1    Patin, J.2    Singer, J.3
  • 20
    • 0029914622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: Is blinding necessary?
    • Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, et al. Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trials. 1996 ; 17: 1-12
    • (1996) Control Clin Trials , vol.17 , pp. 1-12
    • Jadad, A.R.1    Moore, R.A.2    Carroll, D.3
  • 21
    • 0023812652 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine/benztropine
    • Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, et al. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic: a double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine/benztropine. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988 ; 45: 789-796
    • (1988) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 789-796
    • Kane, J.1    Honigfeld, G.2    Singer, J.3
  • 22
    • 0034799836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and haloperidol in moderately refractory schizophrenia: A 6-month randomized and double-blind comparison
    • Kane JM, Marder SR, Schooler NR, et al. Clozapine and haloperidol in moderately refractory schizophrenia: a 6-month randomized and double-blind comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001 ; 58: 965-972
    • (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 965-972
    • Kane, J.M.1    Marder, S.R.2    Schooler, N.R.3
  • 23
    • 18744412165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for onset of antipsychotic effects within the first 24 hours of treatment
    • Kapur S, Arenovich T, Agid O, et al. Evidence for onset of antipsychotic effects within the first 24 hours of treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2005 ; 162: 939-946
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , pp. 939-946
    • Kapur, S.1    Arenovich, T.2    Agid, O.3
  • 24
    • 0032982714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia
    • Kapur S, Zipursky RB, Remington G. Clinical and theoretical implications of 5-HT2 and D2 receptor occupancy of clozapine, risperidone, and olanzapine in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 1999 ; 156 (2). 286-293
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.2 , pp. 286-293
    • Kapur, S.1    Zipursky, R.B.2    Remington, G.3
  • 25
    • 46249092841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting response to atypical antipsychotics based on early response in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Kinon BJ, Chen L, Ascher-Svanum H, et al. Predicting response to atypical antipsychotics based on early response in the treatment of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res. 2008 ; 102: 230-240
    • (2008) Schizophrenia Res , vol.102 , pp. 230-240
    • Kinon, B.J.1    Chen, L.2    Ascher-Svanum, H.3
  • 26
    • 72449167382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early response to antipsychotic drug therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Kinon BJ, Chen L, Ascher-Svanum H, et al. Early response to antipsychotic drug therapy as a clinical marker of subsequent response in the treatment of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010 ; 35: 581-590
    • (2010) Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.35 , pp. 581-590
    • Kinon, B.J.1    Chen, L.2    Ascher-Svanum, H.3
  • 27
    • 0028215913 scopus 로고
    • The tolerability and efficacy of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride compared with clozapine and haloperidol in acute schizophrenia
    • Klieser E, Strauss WH, Lemmer W. The tolerability and efficacy of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride compared with clozapine and haloperidol in acute schizophrenia. Acta Psychiat Scand. 1994 ; 380S: 68-73
    • (1994) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.380 , pp. 68-73
    • Klieser, E.1    Strauss, W.H.2    Lemmer, W.3
  • 28
    • 39649118908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and olanzapine are associated with food craving and binge eating: Results from a randomized double-blind study
    • Kluge M, Schuld A, Himmerich H, et al. Clozapine and olanzapine are associated with food craving and binge eating: results from a randomized double-blind study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2007 ; 27: 662-666
    • (2007) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.27 , pp. 662-666
    • Kluge, M.1    Schuld, A.2    Himmerich, H.3
  • 29
    • 20444369114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early-onset hypothesis of drug action: A hypothesis tested, confirmed and extended
    • Leucht S, Busch R, Hamann J, et al. Early-onset hypothesis of drug action: a hypothesis tested, confirmed and extended. Biol Psychiatry. 2005 ; 57: 1543-1549
    • (2005) Biol Psychiatry , vol.57 , pp. 1543-1549
    • Leucht, S.1    Busch, R.2    Hamann, J.3
  • 30
    • 33947729638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early prediction of antipsychotic nonresponse among patients with schizophrenia
    • Leucht S, Busch R, Kissling W, et al. Early prediction of antipsychotic nonresponse among patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007 ; 68: 352-360
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 352-360
    • Leucht, S.1    Busch, R.2    Kissling, W.3
  • 31
    • 40049084167 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Methodological issues in current antipsychotic drug trials
    • Leucht S, Heres S, Hamann J, et al. Methodological issues in current antipsychotic drug trials. Schizophrenia Bull. 2008 ; 34: 275-285
    • (2008) Schizophrenia Bull , vol.34 , pp. 275-285
    • Leucht, S.1    Heres, S.2    Hamann, J.3
  • 32
    • 33846248766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of the antipsychotic effect and the underlying behavioral mechanisms
    • Li M, Fletcher PJ, Kapur S. Time course of the antipsychotic effect and the underlying behavioral mechanisms. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007 ; 32: 263-272
    • (2007) Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.32 , pp. 263-272
    • Li, M.1    Fletcher, P.J.2    Kapur, S.3
  • 33
    • 84864990994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A study of quetiapine and clozapine in the treatment of first episode schizophrenia
    • Li Y, Wang C-H, Zhang DH, Wang LH, et al. A study of quetiapine and clozapine in the treatment of first episode schizophrenia. Chinese J Nerv Mental Dis. 2002 ; 28: 219-220
    • (2002) Chinese J Nerv Mental Dis , vol.28 , pp. 219-220
    • Li, Y.1    Wang, C.-H.2    Zhang, D.H.3    Wang, L.H.4
  • 34
    • 0042882529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode paychosis: A randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol
    • Lieberman JA, Tollefson GD, Tohen M, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in first-episode paychosis: a randomized, double-blind trial of olanzapine versus haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 ; 160: 1396-1404
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1396-1404
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Tollefson, G.D.2    Tohen, M.3
  • 35
    • 85047698267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment
    • McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, et al. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2006 ; 163: 600-610
    • (2006) Am J Psychiatry , vol.163 , pp. 600-610
    • McEvoy, J.P.1    Lieberman, J.A.2    Stroup, T.S.3
  • 36
    • 0024443178 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients
    • Meltzer HY, Bastani B, Kwon KY, et al. A prospective study of clozapine in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacology. 1989a ; 99: S68 - S72
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Bastani, B.2    Kwon, K.Y.3
  • 37
    • 0024854809 scopus 로고
    • The ratios of serotonin2 and dopamine2 affinities differentiate atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs
    • Meltzer HY, Matsubara S, Lee JC. The ratios of serotonin2 and dopamine2 affinities differentiate atypical and typical antipsychotic drugs. Psychopharmacol Bull. 1989b ; 25: 390-392
    • (1989) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.25 , pp. 390-392
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Matsubara, S.2    Lee, J.C.3
  • 38
    • 33745108559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal-related relapse
    • Moncrieff J. Does antipsychotic withdrawal provoke psychosis? Review of the literature on rapid onset psychosis (supersensitivity psychosis) and withdrawal-related relapse. Acta Psychiat Scand. 2006 ; 114: 3-13
    • (2006) Acta Psychiat Scand , vol.114 , pp. 3-13
    • Moncrieff, J.1
  • 39
    • 0024443180 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine in China: A review and preview of US/PRC collaboration
    • Potter WZ, Ko GN, Zhang LD, et al. Clozapine in China: a review and preview of US/PRC collaboration. Psychopharmacology. 1989 ; 99S: 587-591
    • (1989) Psychopharmacology , vol.99 , pp. 587-591
    • Potter, W.Z.1    Ko, G.N.2    Zhang, L.D.3
  • 40
    • 33846805695 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early onset of treatment effects with oral risperidone
    • Raedler TJ, Schreiner A, Naber D, et al. Early onset of treatment effects with oral risperidone. BMC Psychiatry. 2007 ; 7: 4
    • (2007) BMC Psychiatry , vol.7 , pp. 4
    • Raedler, T.J.1    Schreiner, A.2    Naber, D.3
  • 42
    • 64749086535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ziprasidone versus clozapine in schizophrenia patients refractory to multiple antipsychotic treatments: The MOZART study
    • Sacchetti E, Galluzzo A, Valsecchi P, et al. Ziprasidone versus clozapine in schizophrenia patients refractory to multiple antipsychotic treatments: the MOZART study. Schizophrenia Res. 2009 ; 110: 80-89
    • (2009) Schizophrenia Res , vol.110 , pp. 80-89
    • Sacchetti, E.1    Galluzzo, A.2    Valsecchi, P.3
  • 43
    • 33646878058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of profile and time-course of symptom change in acute schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics
    • Sherwood M, Thornton AE, Honer WG. A meta-analysis of profile and time-course of symptom change in acute schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2005 ; 9: 1-10
    • (2005) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.9 , pp. 1-10
    • Sherwood, M.1    Thornton, A.E.2    Honer, W.G.3
  • 44
    • 0018565672 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine, chlorpromazine, and placebo in newly hospitalized, acutely schizophrenic patients: A controlled, double-blind comparison
    • Shopsin B, Klein H, Aaronsom M, et al. Clozapine, chlorpromazine, and placebo in newly hospitalized, acutely schizophrenic patients: a controlled, double-blind comparison. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1979 ; 36: 657-664
    • (1979) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.36 , pp. 657-664
    • Shopsin, B.1    Klein, H.2    Aaronsom, M.3
  • 45
    • 0016246279 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind comparison of clozapine (leponex) and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia of acute symptomatology
    • Singer K, Law SK. A double-blind comparison of clozapine (leponex) and chlorpromazine in schizophrenia of acute symptomatology. J International Med Res. 1974 ; 2: 433-435
    • (1974) J International Med Res , vol.2 , pp. 433-435
    • Singer, K.1    Law, S.K.2
  • 46
    • 3242732396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine in schizophrenia: Onset of action within the first week of treatment
    • Small JG, Kolar MC, Kellams JJ. Quetiapine in schizophrenia: onset of action within the first week of treatment. Curr Med Res Opin. 2004 ; 20: 1017-1023
    • (2004) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.20 , pp. 1017-1023
    • Small, J.G.1    Kolar, M.C.2    Kellams, J.J.3
  • 48
    • 4444236648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equivalent occupancy of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors with clozapine: Differentiation from other atypical antipsychotics
    • Tauscher J, Hussain T, Agid O, et al. Equivalent occupancy of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors with clozapine: differentiation from other atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 ; 161: 1620-1625
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1620-1625
    • Tauscher, J.1    Hussain, T.2    Agid, O.3
  • 49
    • 0035060791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine
    • Tollefson GD, Birkett MA, Kiesler GM, et al. Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine. Biol Psychiatry. 2001 ; 49: 52-63
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , pp. 52-63
    • Tollefson, G.D.1    Birkett, M.A.2    Kiesler, G.M.3
  • 50
    • 58149123672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic method for estimating individual responses to treatment with antipsychotics in CATIE
    • van den Oord EJ, Adkins DE, McClay J, et al. A systematic method for estimating individual responses to treatment with antipsychotics in CATIE. Schizophrenia Res. 2009 ; 107: 13-21
    • (2009) Schizophrenia Res , vol.107 , pp. 13-21
    • Van Den Oord, E.J.1    Adkins, D.E.2    McClay, J.3
  • 51
    • 70249110509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind randomized controlled study of olanzapine and clozapine on treatment of schizophrenia
    • Wang C, Feng Y, Want L. A double-blind randomized controlled study of olanzapine and clozapine on treatment of schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2002 ; 14: 143-145
    • (2002) Shanghai Arch Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 143-145
    • Wang, C.1    Feng, Y.2    Want, L.3
  • 52
    • 0041379466 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine as a first treatment for schizophrenia
    • Woerner MG, Robinsn DG, Alvir JM, et al. Clozapine as a first treatment for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 ; 160: 1514-1516
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 1514-1516
    • Woerner, M.G.1    Robinsn, D.G.2    Alvir, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.