Effect of Cocatalyst in Ethylene/Styrene Copolymerization by Aryloxo-Modified Half-Titanocene-Cocatalyst Systems for Exclusive Synthesis of Copolymers at High Styrene Concentrations

Macromolecular Reaction Engineering

Volumn 6, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 351-356

  Nomura, Kotohiro ^a   Suzuki, Naohiro ^a   Kim, Dong Hyun ^b   Kim, Hyun Joon ^b  

^a TOKYO METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b Korea Institute of Industrial Technology   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Copolymerization; Ethylene; Half titanocenes; Styrene; Titanium

Indexed keywords

CO CATALYSTS; COCATALYST; FEED RATIOS; HALF-TITANOCENES; PRODUCT DISTRIBUTIONS; REACTION TEMPERATURE; SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENES;

ALUMINUM; COPOLYMERS; ETHYLENE; POLYSTYRENES; STYRENE; TITANIUM;

COPOLYMERIZATION;

EID: 84864804928     PISSN: 1862832X     EISSN: 18628338     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200024     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. P. Mani, C. M. Burns, Macromolecules 1991, 24, 5476;
2. K. Soga, D. H. Lee, H. Yanagihara, Polym. Bull. 1988, 20, 237.
3. H. Braunschweig, F. M. Breitling, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2006, 250, 2691;
4. A.-S. Rodrigues, J.-F. Carpentier, Coord. Chem. Rev. 2008, 252, 2137;
5. K. Nomura, in Syndiotactic Polystyrene - Synthesis, Characterization, Processing, and Applications, J. Schellenberg, Ed., Wiley-VCH, New Jersey 2010, pp, 60- 91;
6. K. Nomura, Catal. Surv. Asia 2011, 14, 33.
7. For example: H. Chen, M. J. Guest, S. Chum, A. Hiltner, E. Baer, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1998, 70, 109;
8. P. S. Chum, W. J. Kruper, M. J. Guest, Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1759;
9. Y. W. Cheung, M. J. Guest, J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2000, 38, 2976.
10. 3 (X = Cl, benzyl, OPh etc.) catalyst: P. Longo, A. Grassi, L. Oliva, Makromol. Chem. 1990, 191, 2387;
11. S. Naganuma, M. Kuramoto, (Idemitsu Kosan Co.), JP H3-7705 1991;
12. S. Naganuma, T. Tasaki, S. Machida, (Idemitsu Kosan Co.), JP H4-130114 1992;
13. P. Aaltonen, J. Seppälä, Eur. Polym. J. 1994, 30, 683;
14. C. Pellecchia, D. Pappalardo, M. D'Arco, A. Zambelli, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 1158;
15. L. Oliva, S. Mazza, P. Longo, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 3115;
16. L. Oliva, L. Izzo, P. Longo, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 745;
17. G. Xu, S. Lin, Macromolecules 1997, 30, 685.
18. Examples for a mechanistic study concerning both styrene polymerization (and propylene/styrene copolymerization): A. Grassi, A. Zambelli, F. Laschi, Organometallics 1996, 15, 480;
19. M. K. Mahanthappa, R. M. Waymouth, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 12093;
20. G. Minieri, P. Corradini, G. Guerra, A. Zambelli, L. Cavallo, Macromolecules 2001, 34, 5379;
21. H. Zhang, D.-J. Byun, K. Nomura, Dalton Trans. 2007, 1802.
22. Examples concerning ethylene/styrene copolymerization by bridged Cp-amide titanium catalysts: J. C. Stevens, F. J. Timmers, D. R. Wilson, G. F. Schmidt, P. N. Nickias, R. K. Rosen, G. W. Knight, S. Y. Lai, Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 0 416 815 A2, 1991, 58;
23. F. G. Sernetz, R. Mülhaupt, R. M. Waymouth, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 1996, 197, 1071;
24. F. G. Sernetz, R. Mülhaupt, F. Amor, T. Eberle, J. Okuda, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 1997, 35, 1571;
25. G. Xu, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 2395;
26. N. Guo, L. Li, T. J. Marks, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 6542;
27. H. Li, T. J. Marks, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103, 15295, (review);
28. H. T. Ban, K. Nishii, Y. Tsunogae, T. Shiono, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2007, 45, 2765, (terpolymerization of ethylene/styrene/norbornene).
29. Copolymerization using modified half-titanocenes: K. Nomura, T. Komatsu, Y. Imanishi, Macromolecules 2000, 33, 8122;
30. K. Nomura, H. Okumura, T. Komatsu, N. Naga, Macromolecules 2002, 34, 5388;
31. H. Zhang, K. Nomura, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 9364;
32. H. Zhang, K. Nomura, Macromolecules 2006, 39, 5266;
33. K. Nomura, H. Zhang, D.-J. Byun, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2008, 46, 4162;
34. K. Nomura, H. Fukuda, S. Katao, M. Fujiki, H.-Y. Kim, D.-H. Kim, I. Saeed, Macromolecules 2011, 44, 1986.
35. K.-S. Son, F. Joege, R. M. Waymouth, Macromolecules 2008, 41, 9663;
36. K. S. Son, R. M. Waymouth, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2010, 48, 1579.
37. C. Capacchione, A. Proto, H. Ebeling, R. Mülhaupt, J. Okuda, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2006, 44, 1908.
38. Y. Luo, J. Baldamus, Z. Hou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 13910.
39. For example (reviews): N. Tomotsu, N. Ishihara, T. H. Newman, M. T. Malanga, J. Mol. Catal., A 1998, 128, 167;
40. C. Pellechia, A. Grassi, Top. Catal. 1999, 7, 125;
41. J. Schellenberg, Prog. Polym. Sci. 2009, 34, 688;
42. Syndiotactic Polystyrene - Synthesis, Characterization, Processing, and Applications (Ed: J. Schellenberg ) Wiley-VCH Weinheim 2010, pp. 60- 91.
43. For example (reviews): A. L. McKnight, R. M. Waymouth, Chem. Rev. 1998, 98, 2587;
44. J. Cano, K. Kunz, J. Organomet. Chem. 2007, 692, 4411.
45. For example (reviews): K. Nomura, J. Liu, S. Padmanabhan, B. Kitiyanan, J. Mol. Catal., A 2007, 267, 1;
46. K. Nomura, Dalton Trans. 2009, 8811;
47. K. Nomura, J. Liu, Dalton Trans. 2011, 40, 7666.
48. K. Nomura, A. Fudo, Catal. Lett. 2003, 4, 269.
49. K. Nomura, A. Fudo, J. Mol. Catal. A 2004, 209, 9.
50. K. Nomura, N. Naga, M. Miki, K. Yanagi, A. Imai, Organometallics 1988, 17, 2512;
51. K. Nomura, N. Naga, M. Miki, K. Yanagi, Macromolecules 1998, 31, 7588.