Biopsychosocial and spiritual aspects of parkinson disease: An integrative review

Journal of Neuroscience Nursing

Volumn 44, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 194-205

  Hermanns, Melinda ^a   Deal, Belinda ^a   Haas, Barbara ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT TYLER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; HOLISTIC NURSING; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NURSING; PARKINSON DISEASE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RELIGION; REVIEW;

ADAPTATION, PSYCHOLOGICAL; HOLISTIC NURSING; HUMANS; PARKINSON DISEASE; SPIRITUALITY;

EID: 84864716871     PISSN: 08880395     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/JNN.0b013e3182527593     Document Type: Review

References (120)

1. Ameling, A., & Povilonis, M. (2001). Spirituality, meaning, mental health, and nursing. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 39(4), 14-20.
2. Backer, J. H. (2006). The symptom experience of persons with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 38(1), 51-57.
3. Bayles, K. A., Tomoeda, C. K.,Wood, J. A., Montgomery, E. B. Jr., Cruz, R. F., Azuma, T., & McGeagh, A. (1996). Change in cognitive function in idiopathic Parkinson disease. Archives of Neurology, 53(11), 1140-1146. (Pubitemid 26380295)
4. Biggins, C. A., Boyd, J. L., Harrop, F. M., Madeley, P., Mindham, R. H., Randall, J. L., & Spokes, E. G. (1992). A controlled longitudinal study of dementia in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55(7), 566-571.
5. Blenner, J. L. (1992). Stress and mediators: Patients' perceptions of infertility treatments. Nursing Research, 41(2), 92-97.
6. Bogart, K. R. (2011). Is apathy a valid and meaningful symptom or syndrome in Parkinson's disease? A critical review. Health Psychology, 30(4), 386-400.
7. Brown, R. G., & MacCarthy, B. (1990). Psychiatric morbidity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Psychological Medicine, 20(1), 77-87. (Pubitemid 20089617)
8. Brown, R. G., & Marsden, C. D. (1990). Cognitive function in Parkinson's disease: From description to theory. Trends in Neurosciences, 13(1), 21-29. (Pubitemid 20014453)
9. Buck, R., & Duffy, R. J. (1980). Non-verbal communication of affect in brain-damaged patients. Cortex, 16(3), 351-362. (Pubitemid 11114290)
10. Caap-Ahlgren, M., & Dehlin, O. (2004). Sense of coherence is a sensitive measure for changes in subjects with Parkinson's disease during one year. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18(2), 154-159. (Pubitemid 41710700)
11. Carta, A. R., Tronci, E., Pinna, A., & Morelli, M. (2005). Different responsiveness of striatonigral and striatopallidal neurons to L-Dopa after a subchronic intermittent L-Dopa treatment. European Journal of Neuroscience, 21(5), 1196-1204. (Pubitemid 40516618)
12. Charcot, J. M. (1878). Lectures on the diseases of the nervous system. London, UK: New Sydenham Society.
13. Chiu, L., Emblen, J. D., Van Hofwegen, L., Sawatzky, R., & Meyerhoff, H. (2004). An integrative review of the concept of spirituality in the health sciences. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 26(4), 405-428. (Pubitemid 38648676)
14. Chow, T. W., Masterman, D. L., & Cummings, J. L. (2002). Depression. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
15. Cloud, L. J., & Greene, J. G. (2011). Gastrointestinal features of Parkinson's disease. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports, 11(4), 379-384.
16. Comella, C. L. (2002). Sleep disorders. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
17. Cooper, H. (1982). Scientific guidelines for conducting integrative research reviews. Review of Educational Research, 52(2), 291-302.
18. Corti, O., & Brice, A. (2002). Parkin, alpha-synuclein and other molecular aspects of Parkinson's disease. Journal of Social Biology, 196(1), 95-110.
19. Cummings, J. L. (1992). Depression and Parkinson's disease: A review. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149(4), 443-454.
20. Dakof, G. A., & Mendelsohn, G. A. (1989). Patterns of adaptation to Parkinson's disease. Health Psychology, 8(3), 355-372.
21. de Silva, H. A. R., Khan, N. L., & Wood, N. W. (2000). The genetics of Parkinson's disease. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development, 10(3), 292-298. (Pubitemid 30307248)
22. Ebmeier, K., Mutch, W. J., Calder, S. A., Crawford, J. R., Stewart, L., & Besson, J. O. (1989). Does idiopathic Parkinsonism in Aberdeen follow intrauterine influenza?. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 52(7), 911-913. (Pubitemid 19181355)
23. Ellgring, H., Seiler, S., Perleth, B., Frings, W., Gasser, T., & Oertel, W. (1993). Psychosocial aspects of Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 43(12), S41YS44. (Pubitemid 24006988)
24. Erdal, K. J. (2001). Depressive symptom patterns in patients with Parkinson's disease and other older adults. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(12), 1559-1569. (Pubitemid 33116251)
25. Erkinjuntti, T., Ostbye, T., Steenhuis, R., & Hachinski, V. (1997). The effect of different criteria on the prevalence of dementia. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(23), 1667-1674. (Pubitemid 27510105)
26. Felton, B. J., & Revenson, T. A. (1984). Coping with chronic illness: A study of illness and controllability and the influence of coping strategies on psychological adjustment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 52(3), 343-353. (Pubitemid 15078641)
27. Fernsler, J. I., Klemm, P., & Miller, M. A. (1999). Spiritual well-being and demands of illness in people with colorectal cancer. Cancer Nursing, 22(2), 134-142.
28. Frazier, L. D. (2000). Coping with disease-related stressors in Parkinson's disease. The Gerontologist, 40(1), 53-63. (Pubitemid 30170190)
29. Gasser, T. (1999). Is Parkinson's disease an inherited condition? Advances in Neurology, 80, 143-152.
30. Gershanik, O. S. (2002). Juvenile and young-onset Parkinsonism. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
31. Giladi, N. (2002). Gait disturbances. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
32. Giladi, N., Treves, T. A., Paleacu, H., Shabtai, Y., Orlov, Y., Kandinov, B., I Korczyn, A. D. (2000). Risk factors for dementia, depression, and psychosis in long-standing Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 107(1), 59-71. (Pubitemid 30077043)
33. Giladi, N., Treves, T. A., Simon, E. S., Shabtai, H., Orlov, Y., Kandinov, B., IKorczyn, A. D. (2001). Freezing of gait in advanced Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neural Transmission, 108(1), 53-61. (Pubitemid 32692613)
34. Golbe, L. I., & Langston, J. W. (1993). The etiology of Parkinson's disease: New directions for research. In J. Jankovic, & E. Tolosa (Eds.), Parkinson's disease and movement disorders (2nd ed.). Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins.
35. GFmez-Esteban, J. C., Tijero, B., Somme, J., Ciordia, R., Berganzo, K., Rouco, I., I Zarranz, J. J. (2011). Impact of psychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders on the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, 258(3), 494-499.
36. Gotham, A. M., Brown, R. G., & Marsden, C. D. (1986). Depression in Parkinson's disease: A quantitative and qualitative analysis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 49(4), 381-389. (Pubitemid 16108903)
37. Growdon, J. H., Corkin, S., & Rosen, T. J. (1990). Distinctive aspects of cognitive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Identification of three distinct subtypes. Movement Disorders, 12, 10-20.
38. Gurklis, J. A., & Menkes, E. M. (1988). Identification of stressors and use of coping methods in chronic hemodialysis patients. Nursing Research, 37(4), 236-239.
39. Habermann, B. (1996). Day-to-day demands of Parkinson's disease. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 18(4), 397-413. (Pubitemid 126433986)
40. Hall, B. A. (1998). Patterns of spirituality in persons with advanced HIV disease. Research in Nursing and Health, 21(2), 143-153. (Pubitemid 128460482)
41. Harris, S. T., Wong, D., & Musick, D. (2010). Spirituality and well-being among persons with diabetes and other chronic disabling conditions: A comprehensive review. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 7(1), 1-20. doi:10.2202/1553-3840.1270
42. Hoehn, M. M., & Yahr, M. D. (1967). Parkinsonism: Onset, progression, and mortality. Neurology, 17(5), 427-442.
43. Holroyd, S., Currie, L. J., & Wooten, G. F. (2005). Depression is associated with impairment of ADL, not motor function in Parkinson disease. Neurology, 64(12), 2134-2135. (Pubitemid 40881009)
44. Hoogendijk, W. J. G., Sommer, I. E., Tissingh, G., Deeg, D. J., & Wolters, E. C. (1998). Depression in Parkinson's disease: The impact of symptom overlap on prevalence. Psychosomatics, 39(5), 416-421. (Pubitemid 28439941)
45. Hubble, J., Venkatesh, R., Hassanein, R., Gray, C., & Koller, W. C. (1993). Personality and depression in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(11), 657-662.
46. Hubble, J. P., & Weeks, C. (2002). Autonomic nervous system dysfunction. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.). Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
47. Hughes, A. J., Daniel, S. E., & Kilford, L. (1992). Accuracy of clinical diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's disease: A clinicopathologic study of 100 cases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 55, 1142-1146.
48. Hughes, T. A., Ross, H. F., Musa, S., Bhattacherjee, S., Nathan, R. N., Mindham, R. H., & Spokes, E. G. (2000). A 10-year study of the incidence of and factors predicting dementia in Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 54(8), 1596-1602. (Pubitemid 30226802)
49. Jaafar, A. F., Gray, W. K., Porter, B., Turnbull, E. J., & Walker, R. W. (2010). A cross-sectional study of the nutritional status of community-dwelling people with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. BioMed Central Neurology, 10, 124. doi:10.1186/1471-2377-10-124
50. Katsikitis, M., & Pilowksy, I. (1988). A study of facial expression in Parkinson's disease using a novel microcomputer- based method. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 51(3), 362-366. (Pubitemid 18097568)
51. Katsikitis, M., & Pilowksy, I. (1991). A controlled quantitative study of facial expression in Parkinson's disease and depression. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 179(11), 683-688.
52. Katzen, H. L., Levin, B. E., & Llabre, M. L. (1998). Age of disease onset influences cognition in Parkinson's disease. Journal of International Neuropsychological Society, 4(3), 285-290. (Pubitemid 28339750)
53. Klaas, D. (1998). Testing two elements of spirituality in depressed and non-depressed elders. International Journal of Psychiatric Nursing Research, 4(2), 452-462.
54. Kostic, V. S., Filipovic, S. R., Lecic, D., Momcilovic, D., Sokic, D., & Sternic, N. (1994). Effect of age at onset on frequency of depression in PD. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 57, 1265-1267. (Pubitemid 24321105)
55. Lamberg, L. (2001). Psychiatric symptoms common in neurological disorders. Journal of the American Medical Association, 286(2), 154-156. (Pubitemid 32640838)
56. Larsen, P. D. (1990). Psychosocial adjustment in multiple sclerosis. Rehabilitation Nursing, 15(5), 242-247.
57. Larson, R. (1978). Thirty years of research on the subjective well-being of older Americans. Journal of Gerontology, 33(1), 109-125. (Pubitemid 8263794)
58. Lee, A. J. (2002). Problems in diagnosis. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
59. Lieberman, M. A., Winzelberg, A., Golant, M., Wakahiro, M., DiMinno, M., Aminoff, M., & Christine, C. (2005). Online support groups for Parkinson's patients: A pilot study of effectiveness. Social Work in Health Care, 42(2), 23-38.
60. Longstreth, W. T. Jr., Nelson, L., Linde, M., & Munoz, D. (1992). Utility of the sickness impact profile in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 5(3), 142-148.
61. Marder, K., Tang, M. X., Cote, L., Stern, Y., & Mayeux, R. (1995). The frequency and associated risk factors for dementia in patients with Parkinson's disease. Archives of Neurology, 52(7), 695-701.
62. Marsh, L., & Berk, A. (2003). Neuropsychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease: Recent advances. Current Psychiatric Reports, 5(1), 68-76. (Pubitemid 38899206)
63. Marttila, R. J., & Rinne, U. K. (1976). Dementia in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 54(5), 431-441.
64. Mattock, C., Marmot, M. G., & Stern, G. M. (1988). Could Parkinson's disease follow intra-uterine influenzaVA speculative hypothesis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 51(6), 753-756.
65. Mayeux, R., Denaro, Y., Hemenegildo, N., Marder, K., Tang, M. X., Cote, L. Y., & Stern, Y. (1992). A population based investigation of Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. Archives of Neurology, 49(5), 492-497.
66. Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., Cote, L., & Williams, J. B. W. (1984). Altered serotonin metabolism in depression patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 34(5), 642-646. (Pubitemid 14143522)
67. Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., Rosenstein, R., Marder, K., Hauser, A., Cote, L., & Fahn, S. (1988). An estimate of the prevalence of dementia in idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Archives in Neurology, 45(3), 260-262. (Pubitemid 18081688)
68. Mayeux, R., Stern, Y., Williams, J. B. W., Cote, L., Frantz, A., & Dyrenfurth, I. (1986). Clinical and biochemical features of depression in Parkinson's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(6), 756-759. (Pubitemid 16050848)
69. Meara, J., Bhowmick, B. K., & Hobson, P. (1999). Accuracy of diagnosis in patients with presumed Parkinson's disease. Age Ageing, 28(2), 99-102. (Pubitemid 29161211)
70. Menza, M. A. (2002). Psychiatric aspects of Parkinson's disease. Psychiatric Annals, 32, 99-104. (Pubitemid 37346838)
71. Menza, M. A., & Mark, M. H. (1994). Parkinson's disease and depression: The relationship to disability and personality. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 6(2), 165-169. (Pubitemid 24143946)
72. Menza, M. A., Robertson-Hoffman, D. E., & Bonapace, A. S. (1993). Parkinson's disease and anxiety: Comorbidity with depression. Biological Psychiatry, 34(7), 465-470. (Pubitemid 23337729)
73. Mindham, R. H. S. (1999). The place of dementia in Parkinson's disease: A methodologic saga. Advances in Neurology, 80, 403-408.
74. Mindham, R. H. S., Marsden, C. D., & Parkes, J. D. (1976). Psychiatric symptoms during L-dopa therapy for Parkinson's disease and their relationship to physical disability. Psychological Medicine, 6(1), 23-33.
75. Mohr, E., Mendis, T., & Grimes, J. D. (1995). Late cognitive changes in Parkinson's disease with emphasis on dementia. Advances in Neurology, 65, 97-113.
76. Mouradian, M. M. (2002). Recent advances in the genetics and pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 58(2), 179-185.
77. Mshana, G., Dotchin, C. L., & Walker, R. W. (2011). "We call it the shaking illness": Perceptions and experiences of Parkinson's disease in rural northern Tanzania. BMC Public Health, 11, 219. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11- 219
78. Narabayashi, H., & Nakamura, R. (1985). Clinical neurophysiology of freezing in Parkinsonism. In P. J. Delwaide, & A. Agnoli (Eds.), Clinical neurophysiology in Parkinsonism. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
79. Olanow, C. W. (2004). The scientific basis for the current treatment of Parkinson's disease. Annual Review of Medicine, 55, 41-60. (Pubitemid 38316715)
80. Pacchetti, C., Mancini, F., Aglieri, R., FundarJ, C., Martignoni, E., & Nappi, G. (2000). Active music therapy in Parkinson's disease: An integrative method for motor and emotional rehabilitation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 62(3), 386-393. (Pubitemid 30347082)
81. Pal, P., Samii, A., & Calne, D. B. (2002). Cardinal features of early Parkinson's disease. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
82. Pappert, E. J., Goetz, C. G., Niederman, F. G., Raman, R., & Leurgans, S. (1999). Hallucinations, sleep fragmentation, and altered dream phenomena in Parkinson's disease. Movement Disorders, 14(1), 117-121. (Pubitemid 29224685)
83. Parkinson's Disease Foundation. (2011). About Parkinson's. Retrieved from http://www.pdf.org/AboutPD/
84. Parkinson, J. (1817). An essay on the shaking palsy. London, UK: Sherwood, Neely, and Jones.
85. Paulson, G., & Dadmehr, N. (1991). Is there a premorbid personality typical for Parkinson's disease? Neurology, 41(5), 73-76.
86. Piper, M., Abrams, G. M., & Marks, W. J. Jr. (2005). Deep brain stimulation for the treatment Parkinson's disease: An overview and impact on gait and mobility. NeuroRehabilitation, 20(3), 223-232. (Pubitemid 43086579)
87. Pluck G. C., & Brown, R. G. (2002). Apathy in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 73(6), 636-642. (Pubitemid 35448846)
88. Polymeropoulos, M. H., Higgins, J. J., Golbe, L. I., Johnson, W. G., Ide, S. E., Di Iorio, G., I Duvoisin, R. C. (1996). Mapping of a gene for Parkinson's disease to chromosome 4q21-q23. Science, 274(5290), 1197-1199. (Pubitemid 26389286)
89. Pontone, G. M., Williams, J. R., Anderson, K. E., Chase, G., Goldstein, S. R., Grill, S., I Marsh, L. (2011). Anxiety and self-perceived health status in Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 17(4), 249-254.
90. Postuma, R. B., Gagnon, J. F., & Montplaisir, J. (2010). Clinical prediction of Parkinson's disease: Planning for the age of neuroprotection. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 81(9), 1008-1013.
91. Prasad, K. N., Cole, W. C., & Kumar, B. (1999). Multiple antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 18(5), 413-423. (Pubitemid 29455713)
92. Quigley, E. M. M. (2002). Gastrointestinal features. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
93. Ramig, L. O., Countryman, S., Fox, C., & Sapir, S. (2002). Speech, voice, and swallowing disorders. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
94. Reid, W. G. J., Hely, M. A., Morris, J. G. L., Broe, G. A., Adena, M., Sullivan, D. J., & Williamson, P. M. (1996). A longitudinal study of Parkinson's disease: Clinical and neuropsychological correlates of dementia. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, 3(4), 327-333. (Pubitemid 126658505)
95. Richard, I. H., & Kurlan, R. (1997). A survey of antidepressant drug use in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson Study Group. Neurology, 49(4), 1168-1170. (Pubitemid 27456111)
96. Richard, I. H., Schiffer, R. B., & Kurlan, R. (1996). Anxiety and Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 8(4), 383-392. (Pubitemid 26381959)
97. Robins, A. H. (1976). Depression in patients with Parkinsonism. British Journal of Psychiatry, 128, 141-145.
98. Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C., Jahanshahi, M. J., Krack, P., Litvan, I., Macias, R., Bezard, E., & Obeso, J. A. (2009). Initial clinical manifestations of Parkinson's disease: Features and pathophysiological mechanisms. Lancet Neurology, 8(12), 1128-1139.
99. Salick, E., & Auerbach, C. F. (2006). From devastation to integration: Adjusting to and growing form medical trauma. Qualitative Health Research, 16(8), 1021-1037. (Pubitemid 44323347)
100. Schiffer, R. B., Kurlan, R., Rubin, A., & Boer, S. (1988). Evidence for atypical depression in Parkinson's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145(8), 1020-1022.
101. Schrag, A., Hovris, A., Morley, D., Quinn, N., & Jahanshahi, M. (2003). Young-versus older-onset Parkinson's disease: Impact of disease and psychosocial consequences. Movement Disorders, 18(11), 1250-1256. (Pubitemid 38263307)
102. Schulman, L. M. (2002). Apathy and amotivation. S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
103. Schulz, G. M., & Grant, M. K. (2000). Effects of speech therapy and pharmacologic and surgical treatments on voice and speech. Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 5, 20-32.
104. Simon, D. K., & Beal, M. F. (2002). Pathogenesis: Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. In S. A. Factor, & W. G. Weiner (Eds.), Parkinson's disease: Diagnosis and clinical management. New York, NY: Demos.
105. Simons, G., Pasqualini, M. C., Reddy, V., & Wood, J. (2004). Emotional and nonemotional facial expressions in people with Parkinson's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(4), 521-535. (Pubitemid 39077193)
106. Smith, M. C., Smith, M. K., & Ellgring, H. (1996). Spontaneous and posed facial progression in Parkinson's disease. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2(5), 383-391. (Pubitemid 126448103)
107. Starkstein, S. E., Berthier, M. L., Bolduc, P. L., Preziosi, T. J., & Robinson, R. G. (1989). Depression in patients with early versus late onset of Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 39(11), 1441-1445. (Pubitemid 19285998)
108. Starkstein, S. E., Mayberg, H. S., Preziosi, T. J., Andrezejewski, P., Leigurda, R., & Robinson, R. G. (1992). Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 4(2), 134-139.
109. Starkstein, S. E., & Merello, M. (2002). Psychiatric and cognitive disorders in Parkinson's disease. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
110. Stein, M. B., Heuser, I. J., Juncos, J. L., & Uhde, T. W. (1990). Anxiety disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147(2), 217-220. (Pubitemid 20060479)
111. Strudwick, A., Mutch, W. J., & Dingwall-Fordyce, I. (1990). Parkinson's diseaseVFunctional impairment and who helps. Clinical Rehabilitation, 4(3), 213-216.
112. Tan, D. M., McGinley, J. L., Danoudis, M. E., Iansek, R., & Morris, M. E. (2011). Freezing of gait and activity limitations in people with Parkinson's disease. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 92(7), 1159-1165.
113. Tandberg, E., Larsen, J. P., Aarsland, D., Laake, K., & Cummings, J. L. (1997). Risk factors for depression in Parkinson's disease. Archives of Neurology, 54(5), 625-630. (Pubitemid 27204249)
114. Tanner, C. M., Ottman, R., Goldman, S. M., Ellenberg, J., Chan, P., Mayeux, R., & Langston, J. W. (1999). Parkinson disease in twins: An etiologic study. Journal of American Medical Association, 281(4), 341-346. (Pubitemid 29061038)
115. Taylor, M. (2001). Yoga therapeutics in neurologic physical therapy: Application to a patient with Parkinson's disease. Neurology, 25(2), 55-62.
116. Vázquez, A., Jiménez-Jim'nez, F. J., García-Ruiz, P., & García-Urra, D. (1993). Panic attacks in Parkinson's disease: A long-term complication of levodopa therapy. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 87(1), 14-18.
117. Wadeson, H. (2003). Art as therapy for Parkinson's disease. Journal of the American Art Therapy Association, 20(1), 35-38.
118. Whetton-Goldstein, K., Sloan, F., Kulas, E., Cutson, T., & Schenkman, M. (1997). The burden of Parkinson's disease on society, family, and the individual. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 45(7), 844-849. (Pubitemid 27289932)
119. Whittemore, R. (2005). Analysis of integration in nursing science and practice. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 37(3), 261-267. (Pubitemid 41623594)
120. Wineman, N. M., Durand, E. J., & Steiner, R. P. (1994). A comparative analysis of coping behaviors in persons with multiple sclerosis or a spinal injury. Research in Nursing and Health, 17(3), 185-194.