Reduced use of occult bacteremia blood screens by emergency medicine physicians using immunization registry for children presenting with fever without a source

Pediatric Emergency Care

Volumn 28, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 640-645

  Zeretzke, Cristina M ^a   McIntosh, Mark S ^a   Kalynych, Colleen J ^a   Wylie, Todd ^a   Lott, Michelle ^a   Wood, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacteremia; Conjugate vaccines; Fever without source; Immunization registry; Immunizations

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; CEFTRIAXONE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE;

ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY; ARTICLE; BACTEREMIA; BLOOD CULTURE; BLOOD SAMPLING; CHILD; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PROTOCOL; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST ACCURACY STUDY; DISEASE REGISTRY; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EMERGENCY MEDICINE; EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN; EMERGENCY WARD; FEMALE; FEVER; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTION; HEALTH CARE PLANNING; HEALTH CARE UTILIZATION; HUMAN; IMMUNIZATION; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL HISTORY; OCCULT BACTEREMIA; OCCULT BLOOD TEST; OTITIS MEDIA; PEDIATRICS; PHYSICAL EXAMINATION; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION; PNEUMONIA; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SCREENING TEST; SHOTS IMMUNIZATION REGISTRY; URINARY TRACT INFECTION;

BACTEREMIA; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EMERGENCY MEDICINE; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; FEVER OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN; FLORIDA; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B; HAEMOPHILUS VACCINES; HUMANS; IMMUNIZATION; INFANT; MASS SCREENING; PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTIONS; PNEUMOCOCCAL VACCINES; REGISTRIES;

EID: 84864554993     PISSN: 07495161     EISSN: 15351815     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/PEC.0b013e31825cfd3e     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Slater M, Krug SE. Evaluation of the infant with fever without source: an evidenced based approach. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1999;17:97-126.
2. Krauss BS, Harakal T, Fleisher GR. The spectrum and frequency of illness presenting to a pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1991;7:67-71.
3. Harper MB, Fleisher GR. Occult bacteremia in the 3-month-old age group. Pediatr Ann. 1993;22:387-493.
4. Jaffe DM, Tanz RR, Davis AT, et al. Antibiotic administration to treat possible occult bacteremia in febrile children. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1175-1180.
5. Waddle E, Jhaveri R. Outcomes of febrile children without localising signs after pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Arch Dis Child. 2009;94:144-147.
6. McGowan JE Jr, Bratton L, Klein JO, et al. Bacteremia in febrile children seen in a "walk-in" pediatric clinic. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:1309-1312.
7. Teele DW, Pelton SI, Grant MJA, et al. Bacteremia in febrile children under 2 years of age: results of cultures of blood of 600 consecutive febrile children seen in a "walk-in" clinic. J Pediatr. 1975;87:227-230.
8. Fleisher GR, Rosenberg N, Vinci R, et al. Intramuscular versus oral antibiotic therapy for the prevention of meningitis and other bacterial sequelae in young, febrile children at risk for occult bacteremia. J Pediatr. 1994;124:504-512.
9. Liu CH, Lehan C, Speer ME, et al. Early detection of bacteremia in an outpatient clinic. Pediatrics. 1985;75:827-831.
10. Waskerwitz S, Berkelhamer JE. Outpatient bacteremia: clinical findings in children under two years with initial temperature of 39.5-C or higher. J Pediatr. 1981;99:231-233.
11. Carroll WL, Farrell MK, Singer JI, et al. Treatment of occult bacteremia: a prospective randomized clinical trial. Pediatrics. 1983;72:608-612.
12. Baron MA, FinkHD. Bacteremia in private pediatric practice. Pediatrics. 1980;66:171-175.
13. Rubin LG. Occult bacteremia in the young febrile child. Pediatr Rev Commun. 1988;2:193-206.
14. Baraff LJ, Bass JW, Fleisher GR, et al. Practice guideline for the management of infants and children 0 to 36 months of age with fever without source. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:1198-1210.
15. Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000;36:602-614.
16. American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policies Committee and American College of Emergency Physicians Clinical Policy Subcommittee on Pediatric Fever. Clinical policy for children younger than three years presenting to the emergency department with fever. Ann Emerg Med. 2003;42:530-545.
17. NICE. Feverish Illness in Children: Assessment and Initial Management in Children -ounger Than 5 -ears. CG47. London, UK: National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence; 2007. Available at: http://www.nice.org.uk/CG47. Accessed September 30, 2008.
18. Lee GM, Fleisher GR, Harper MB. Management of febrile children in the age of the conjugate pneumococcal vaccine: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Pediatrics. 2001;108:835-844.
19. Joffe MD, Alpern ER. Occult pneumococcal bacteremia: a review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2010;26:448-454.
20. Carstairs KL, Tanen DA, Johnson AS, et al. Pneumococcal bacteremia in febrile infants presenting to the emergency department before and after the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal vaccine. Ann Emerg Med. 2007;49:772-777.
21. Herz AM, Greenhow TL, Alcantara J, et al. Changing epidemiology of outpatient bacteremia in 3- to 36-month-old children after the introduction of the heptavalent-conjugated pneumococcal vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2006;25:293-300.
22. Wilkinson M, Bulloch B, Smith M. Prevalence of occult bacteremia in children aged 3 to 36 months presenting to the emergency department with fever in the postpneumococcal conjugate vaccine era. Acad Emerg Med. 2009;16:220-225.
23. Stoll ML, Rubin LG. Incidence of occult bacteremia among highly febrile young children in the era of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158:671-675.
24. Baraff LJ. Management of infants and young children with fever without source. Pediatr Ann. 2008;37:673-679.
25. Williams ER, Meza -E, Salazar S, et al. Immunization histories given by adult caregivers accompanying children 3-36 months to the emergency department: are their histories valid for the Haemophilus influenzae B and pneumococcal vaccines? Pediatr Emerg Care. 2007;23:285-288.
26. Goldstein KP, Kviz FJ, Daum RS. Accuracy of immunization histories provided by adults accompanying preschool children to a pediatric emergency department. JAMA. 1993;270:2190-2194.
27. Cunningham SJ. Providing immunizations in a pediatric emergency department: underimmunization rates and parental acceptance. Pediatr Emerg Care. 1999;15:255-259.
28. Czaja C, Crossette L, Metlay JP. Accuracy of adult reported pneumococcal vaccination status of children. Ann Epidemiol. 2005;15:253-256.
29. National Vaccine Advisory Committee. Standards for child and adolescent immunization practices. Pediatrics. 2003;112:958-963.
30. Stecher DS, Adelman R, Brinkman T, et al. Accuracy of a state immunization registry in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2008;24:71-74.
31. The Florida Department of Health Bureau of Immunization. ShotsTracker. Available at: http://www.flshots.com. Accessed March 23, 2010.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Initiative on immunization registries. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5017a1.htm. Accessed March 23, 2010.
33. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Vaccines & immunizations. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/iis/default.htm. Accessed February 26, 2010.
34. Florida Department of Health. Immunization surveys. 2010. Available at: http://www.doh.state.fl.us/disease-ctrl/immune/statistical/index.htm. Accessed October 11, 2010.
35. Robinson CA, Evans WB, Mahanes JA, et al. Progress on the childhood immunization initiative. Public Health Rep (Washington, DC). 1974;109:594-600.
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19-35 monthsVUnited States, 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2007; 56:880-885.
37. Kroger AT, Atkinson WL, Marcuse EK, et al. General recommendations on immunization: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006;55:1-48.
38. Fierman AH, Rosen CM, Legano LA, et al. Immunization status as determined by patient's hand-held cards verses medical records. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:863-866.
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Progress in Immunization Information SystemsVUnited States, 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011;60:10-12.
40. Hinman AR, Ross DA. Immunization registries can be building blocks for national health information systems. Health Aff. 2010;29:676-682.