Is Testosterone Treatment Good for the Prostate? Study of Safety during Long-Term Treatment

Journal of Sexual Medicine

Volumn 9, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 2138-2149

  Feneley, Mark R ^a   Carruthers, Malcolm ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b Centre for Mens Health   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Early Diagnosis; Long Term Outcomes; Mesterolone; Myth that TRT Causes Prostate Cancer; Pellet Implants; Prostate Cancer; PSA; Screening; Symptoms Scores; Testogel; Testosterone Deficiency; Testosterone Replacement Treatment (TRT); Testosterone Undecanoate; UK Androgen Study (UKAS)

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; FOLLITROPIN; HORMONE; LUTEINIZING HORMONE; MESTEROLONE; PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN; TESTOSTERONE; TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE;

ABNORMAL LABORATORY RESULT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; ANDROGEN DEFICIENCY; ANDROGEN THERAPY; ARTICLE; CANCER HORMONE THERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DIGITAL RECTAL EXAMINATION; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SAFETY; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; GLEASON SCORE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMPLANT; LONG TERM CARE; MALE; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSTATE BIOPSY; PROSTATE CANCER; PROSTATE CANCER; UNDECANOATE; PROTEIN BLOOD LEVEL; TRANSRECTAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY;

EID: 84864511017     PISSN: 17436095     EISSN: 17436109     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2012.02808.x     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Morgentaler A. Guilt by association: A historical perspective on Huggins, testosterone therapy, and prostate cancer. J Sex Med 2008;5:1834-40.
2. Roddam AW, Allen NE, Appleby P, Key TJ. Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: A collaborative analysis of 18 prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008;100:170-83.
3. Shabsigh R, Crawford ED, Nehra A, Slawin KM. Testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men and potential prostate cancer risk: A systematic review. Int J Impot Res 2009;21:9-23.
4. Gooren LJ, Behre HM, Saad F, Frank A, Schwerdt S. Diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency in different parts of the world. Results from global market research. Aging Male 2007;10:173-81.
5. Carruthers M. Time for international action on treating testosterone deficiency syndrome. Aging Male 2009;12:21-8.
6. Gooren LJ, Behre HM. Diagnosing and treating testosterone deficiency in different parts of the world: Changes between 2006 and 2010. Aging Male 2012;15:22-7.
7. Carruthers M. ADAM: Androgen deficiency in the adult male-Causes, diagnosis and treatment. London and New York: Taylor & Francis; 2004.
8. Heinemann LAJ, Zimmermann T, Vermeulen A, Thiel C, Hummel W. A new 'aging males' symptoms' (AMS) rating scale. Aging Male 1999;2:105-14.
9. Carruthers M. Testosterone revolution. London and New York: Harper Collins; 2001.
10. Carruthers M, Trinick TR, Wheeler MJ. The validity of androgen assays. Aging Male 2007;10:165-72.
11. Vermeulen A, Verdonck L, Kaufman JM. A critical evaluation of simple methods for the estimation of free testosterone in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999;84:3666-72.
12. Wang C, Nieschlag E, Swerdloff R, Behre HM, Hellstrom WJ, Gooren LJ, Kaufman JM, Legros JJ, Lunenfeld B, Morales A, Morley JE, Schulman C, Thompson IM, Weidner W, Wu FC. ISA, ISSAM, EAU, EAA and ASA recommendations: Investigation, treatment and monitoring of late-onset hypogonadism in males. Int J Impot Res 2009;21:1-8.
13. Sikaris K, McLachlan RI, Kazlauskas R, de Kretser D, Holden CA, Handelsman DJ. Reproductive hormone reference intervals for healthy fertile young men: Evaluation of automated platform assays. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:5928-36.
14. Chen YT, Luderer AA, Thiel RP, Carlson G, Cuny CL, Soriano TF. Using proportions of free to total prostate-specific antigen, age, and total prostate-specific antigen to predict the probability of prostate cancer. Urology 1996;47:518-24.
15. Walz J, Haese A, Scattoni V, Steuber T, Chun FK, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Graefen M, Huland H, Karakiewicz PI. Percent free prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is an accurate predictor of prostate cancer risk in men with serum PSA 2.5ng/mL and lower. Cancer 2008;113:2695-703.
16. Carter HB, Partin AW, Luderer AA, Metter EJ, Landis P, Chan DW, Fozard JL, Pearson JD. Percentage of free prostate-specific antigen in sera predicts aggressiveness of prostate cancer a decade before diagnosis. Urology 1997;49:379-84.
17. Cancer Research Council UK. Registrations of cancer diagnosed in 2009. London, England: Office for National Statistics; Series MB1, no 40. 2011.
18. Schroder FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M, Denis LJ, Recker F, Berenguer A, Maattanen L, Bangma CH, Aus G, Villers A, Rebillard X, van der Kwast T, Blijenberg BG, Moss SM, de Koning HJ, Auvinen A. Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1320-8.
19. Draisma G, Etzioni R, Tsodikov A, Mariotto A, Wever E, Gulati R, Feuer E, de Koning HJ. Lead time and overdiagnosis in prostate-specific antigen screening: Importance of methods and context. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009;101:374-83.
20. Huang Y, Isharwal S, Haese A, Chun FK, Makarov DV, Feng Z, Han M, Humphreys E, Epstein JI, Partin AW, Veltri RW. Prediction of patient-specific risk and percentile cohort risk of pathological stage outcome using continuous prostate-specific antigen measurement, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason score. BJU Int 2011;107:1562-9.
21. Morgentaler A, Traish A. Shifting the paradigm of testosterone and prostate cancer: The saturation model and the limits of androgen-dependent growth. Eur Urol 2009;55:310-21.
22. Raynaud JP. Prostate cancer risk in testosterone-treated men. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2006;102:261-6.
23. Salonia A, Gallina A, Briganti A, Abdollah F, Suardi N, Capitanio U, Colombo R, Freschi M, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. Preoperative hypogonadism is not an independent predictor of high-risk disease in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. Cancer 2011;117:3953-62.
24. Salonia A, Gallina A, Abdollah F, Briganti A, Capitanio U, Suardi N, Ferrari M, Raber M, Colombo R, Freschi M, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. Preoperative circulating sex hormones are not predictors of positive surgical margins at open radical prostatectomy. World J Urol 2011;29:761-5.
25. Morgentaler A, Schulman C. Testosterone and prostate safety. Front Horm Res 2009;37:197-203.
26. Morgentaler A. Turning conventional wisdom upside-down: Low serum testosterone and high-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2011;117:3885-8.
27. Marks LS, Mazer NA, Mostaghel E, Hess DL, Dorey FJ, Epstein JI, Veltri RW, Makarov DV, Partin AW, Bostwick DG, Macairan ML, Nelson PS. Effect of testosterone replacement therapy on prostate tissue in men with late-onset hypogonadism: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2006;296:2351-61.
28. Jannini EA, Gravina GL, Morgentaler A, Morales A, Incrocci L, Hellstrom WJ. Is testosterone a friend or a foe of the prostate? J Sex Med 2011;8:946-55.
29. Ahmadi H, Allameh F, Baradaran N, Montaser-Kouhsari L, Bazargan-Hejazi S, Salem S, Mehrsai A, Pourmand G. Circulating sex hormones play no role in the association between sexual activity and the risk of prostate cancer. J Sex Med 2011;8:905-13.
30. Gooren LJ. A ten-year safety study of the oral androgen testosterone undecanoate. J Androl 1994;15:212-5.
31. Jungwirth A, Plas E, Geurts P. Clinical experience with Andriol Testocaps-The first Austrian surveillance study on the treatment of late-onset hypogonadism. Aging Male 2007;10:183-7.
32. Legros JJ, Meuleman EJ, Elbers JM, Geurts TB, Kaspers MJ, Bouloux PM. Oral testosterone replacement in symptomatic late-onset hypogonadism: Effects on rating scales and general safety in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Endocrinol 2009;160:821-31.
33. Handelsman DJ, Mackey M-A, Howe C, Turner L, Conway AJ. An analysis of testosterone implants for androgen replacement therapy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 1997;47:311-6.
34. Cavender R. Subcutaneous testosterone pellet implantation procedure for treatment of testosterone deficiency syndrome. J Sex Med 2009;6:21-4.
35. Luisi M, Franchi F. Double-blind group comparative study of testosterone undecanoate and mesterolone in hypogonadal male patients. J Endocrinol Invest 1980;3:305-8.
36. Swerdloff RS, Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, Iranmanesh A, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Weber T, Longstreth J, Berman N. Long-term pharmacokinetics of transdermal testosterone gel in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4500-10.
37. Wang C, Cunningham G, Dobs A, Iranmanesh A, Matsumoto AM, Snyder PJ, Weber T, Berman N, Hull L, Swerdloff RS. Long-term testosterone gel (AndroGel) treatment maintains beneficial effects on sexual function and mood, lean and fat mass, and bone mineral density in hypogonadal men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:2085-98.
38. Saad F, Kamischke A, Yassin A, Zitzmann M, Schubert M, Jockenhel F, Behre H, Gooren L, Nieschlag E. More than eight years' hands-on experience with the novel long-acting parenteral testosterone undecanoate. Asian J Androl 2007;9:291-7.
39. Morgentaler A, Dobs A, Kaufman J, Miner M, Shabsigh R, Swerdloff R, Wang C. Long acting testosterone undecanoate therapy in men with hypogonadism: Results of a pharmacokinetic clinical study. J Urol 2008;180:2307-13.
40. Andriole GL. Overview of pivotal studies for prostate cancer risk reduction, past and present. Urology 2009;73:S36-43.
41. Locke JA, Bruchovsky N. Prostate cancer: Finasteride extends PSA doubling time during intermittent hormone therapy. Can J Urol 2010;17:5162-9.
42. Andriole GL, Bostwick DG, Brawley OW, Gomella LG, Marberger M, Montorsi F, Pettaway CA, Tammela TL, Teloken C, Tindall DJ, Somerville MC, Wilson TH, Fowler IL, Rittmaster RS; The REDUCE Study Group. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med 2010;362:1192-202.
43. Vermeulen A. Androgen supplementation in elderly males: Is dihydrotestosterone to be preferred? Aging Male 2004;7:325-7.
44. Andrews DL. A simple test for hormone deficiency in the male. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1946;6:517-9.
45. Traish AM, Kim N. Weapons of penile smooth muscle destruction: Androgen deficiency promotes accumulation of adipocytes in the corpus cavernosum. Aging Male 2005;8:141-6.
46. Traish AM, Guay AT. Are androgens critical for penile erections in humans? Examining the clinical and preclinical evidence. J Sex Med 2006;3:382-404.
47. Yassin AA, Saad F, Traish A. Testosterone undecanoate restores erectile function in a subset of patients with venous leakage: A series of case reports. J Sex Med 2006;3:727-35.
48. Yassin AA, Saad F. Improvement of sexual function in men with late-onset hypogonadism treated with testosterone only. J Sex Med 2007;4:497-501.
49. Corona G, Boddi V, Lotti F, Gacci M, Carini M, De Vita G, Sforza A, Forti G, Mannucci E, Maggi M. The relationship of testosterone to prostate-specific antigen in men with sexual dysfunction. J Sex Med 2010;7:284-92.
50. Sairam K, Kulinskaya E, Boustead GB, Hanbury DC, McNicholas TA. Prevalence of undiagnosed prostate cancer in men with erectile dysfunction. BJU Int 2002;89:261-3.
51. El Sakka AI. Lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with erectile dysfunction: Analysis of risk factors. J Sex Med 2006;3:144-9.
52. Haider A, Gooren LJ, Padungtod P, Saad F. Concurrent improvement of the metabolic syndrome and lower urinary tract symptoms upon normalisation of plasma testosterone levels in hypogonadal elderly men. Andrologia 2009;41:7-13.
53. Litman HJ, Bhasin S, O'Leary MP, Link CL, McKinlay JB. An investigation of the relationship between sex-steroid levels and urological symptoms: Results from the Boston Area Community Health survey. BJU Int 2007;100:321-6.
54. Pradidarcheep W. Lower urinary tract symptoms and its potential relation with late-onset hypogonadism. Aging Male 2008;11:51-5.
55. Laydner HK, Oliveira P, Oliveira CR, Makarawo TP, Andrade WS, Tannus M, Araujo JL. Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A systematic review. BJU Int 2011;107:1104-9.