메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 61, Issue 11, 2008, Pages 1085-1094

Validation, updating and impact of clinical prediction rules: A review

Author keywords

Generalizability; Impact analysis; Implementation; Prediction rule; Updating; Validation

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL PRACTICE; COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; EMPIRICISM; GEOGRAPHY; MEDICAL DECISION MAKING; MEDICAL RESEARCH; METHODOLOGY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PREDICTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; VALIDATION PROCESS;

EID: 52949100612     PISSN: 08954356     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.04.008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (448)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0034728356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What do we mean by validating a prognostic model?
    • Altman D.G., and Royston P. What do we mean by validating a prognostic model?. Stat Med 19 (2000) 453-473
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.19 , pp. 453-473
    • Altman, D.G.1    Royston, P.2
  • 2
    • 0031017667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical prediction rules. A review and suggested modifications of methodological standards
    • Laupacis A., Sekar N., and Stiell I.G. Clinical prediction rules. A review and suggested modifications of methodological standards. JAMA 277 (1997) 488-494
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.277 , pp. 488-494
    • Laupacis, A.1    Sekar, N.2    Stiell, I.G.3
  • 3
    • 0034608969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Users' guides to the medical literature: XXII: how to use articles about clinical decision rules. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group
    • McGinn T.G., Guyatt G.H., Wyer P.C., Naylor C.D., Stiell I.G., and Richardson W.S. Users' guides to the medical literature: XXII: how to use articles about clinical decision rules. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 284 (2000) 79-84
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.284 , pp. 79-84
    • McGinn, T.G.1    Guyatt, G.H.2    Wyer, P.C.3    Naylor, C.D.4    Stiell, I.G.5    Richardson, W.S.6
  • 4
    • 33644855006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Translating clinical research into clinical practice: impact of using prediction rules to make decisions
    • Reilly B.M., and Evans A.T. Translating clinical research into clinical practice: impact of using prediction rules to make decisions. Ann Intern Med 144 (2006) 201-209
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med , vol.144 , pp. 201-209
    • Reilly, B.M.1    Evans, A.T.2
  • 5
    • 0021969084 scopus 로고
    • Clinical prediction rules. Applications and methodological standards
    • Wasson J.H., Sox H.C., Neff R.K., and Goldman L. Clinical prediction rules. Applications and methodological standards. N Engl J Med 313 (1985) 793-799
    • (1985) N Engl J Med , vol.313 , pp. 793-799
    • Wasson, J.H.1    Sox, H.C.2    Neff, R.K.3    Goldman, L.4
  • 6
    • 0034959579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Searching for clinical prediction rules in MEDLINE
    • Ingui B.J., and Rogers M.A. Searching for clinical prediction rules in MEDLINE. J Am Med Inform Assoc 8 (2001) 391-397
    • (2001) J Am Med Inform Assoc , vol.8 , pp. 391-397
    • Ingui, B.J.1    Rogers, M.A.2
  • 7
    • 0030069896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors
    • Harrell Jr. F.E., Lee K.L., and Mark D.B. Multivariable prognostic models: issues in developing models, evaluating assumptions and adequacy, and measuring and reducing errors. Stat Med 15 (1996) 361-387
    • (1996) Stat Med , vol.15 , pp. 361-387
    • Harrell Jr., F.E.1    Lee, K.L.2    Mark, D.B.3
  • 8
    • 0033574245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information
    • Justice A.C., Covinsky K.E., and Berlin J.A. Assessing the generalizability of prognostic information. Ann Intern Med 130 (1999) 515-524
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.130 , pp. 515-524
    • Justice, A.C.1    Covinsky, K.E.2    Berlin, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 0001573594 scopus 로고
    • Regression, prediction and shrinkage
    • Copas J.B. Regression, prediction and shrinkage. JR Stat Soc B 45 (1983) 311-354
    • (1983) JR Stat Soc B , vol.45 , pp. 311-354
    • Copas, J.B.1
  • 10
    • 84945737762 scopus 로고
    • A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation
    • Efron B., and Gong G. A leisurely look at the bootstrap, the jackknife, and cross-validation. Am Stat 37 (1983) 36-48
    • (1983) Am Stat , vol.37 , pp. 36-48
    • Efron, B.1    Gong, G.2
  • 12
    • 0038243037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal and external validation of predictive models: a simulation study of bias and precision in small samples
    • Steyerberg E.W., Bleeker S.E., Moll H.A., Grobbee D.E., and Moons K.G. Internal and external validation of predictive models: a simulation study of bias and precision in small samples. J Clin Epidemiol 56 (2003) 441-447
    • (2003) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.56 , pp. 441-447
    • Steyerberg, E.W.1    Bleeker, S.E.2    Moll, H.A.3    Grobbee, D.E.4    Moons, K.G.5
  • 13
    • 0034732710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic modelling with logistic regression analysis: a comparison of selection and estimation methods in small data sets
    • Steyerberg E.W., Eijkemans M.J., Harrell Jr. F.E., and Habbema J.D. Prognostic modelling with logistic regression analysis: a comparison of selection and estimation methods in small data sets. Stat Med 19 (2000) 1059-1079
    • (2000) Stat Med , vol.19 , pp. 1059-1079
    • Steyerberg, E.W.1    Eijkemans, M.J.2    Harrell Jr., F.E.3    Habbema, J.D.4
  • 17
    • 0032812802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery: analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients
    • discussion 22-23
    • Roques F., Nashef S.A., Michel P., Gauducheau E., de Vincentiis C., Baudet E., et al. Risk factors and outcome in European cardiac surgery: analysis of the EuroSCORE multinational database of 19030 patients. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 15 (1999) 816-822 discussion 22-23
    • (1999) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.15 , pp. 816-822
    • Roques, F.1    Nashef, S.A.2    Michel, P.3    Gauducheau, E.4    de Vincentiis, C.5    Baudet, E.6
  • 19
    • 1842685289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EuroSCORE: a systematic review of international performance
    • Gogbashian A., Sedrakyan A., and Treasure T. EuroSCORE: a systematic review of international performance. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 25 (2004) 695-700
    • (2004) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.25 , pp. 695-700
    • Gogbashian, A.1    Sedrakyan, A.2    Treasure, T.3
  • 20
    • 0034761399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk stratification analysis of operative mortality in heart and thoracic aorta surgery: comparison between Parsonnet and EuroSCORE additive model
    • Kawachi Y., Nakashima A., Toshima Y., Arinaga K., and Kawano H. Risk stratification analysis of operative mortality in heart and thoracic aorta surgery: comparison between Parsonnet and EuroSCORE additive model. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 20 (2001) 961-966
    • (2001) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.20 , pp. 961-966
    • Kawachi, Y.1    Nakashima, A.2    Toshima, Y.3    Arinaga, K.4    Kawano, H.5
  • 21
    • 0037998090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Logistic or additive EuroSCORE for high-risk patients?
    • discussion 7
    • Michel P., Roques F., and Nashef S.A. Logistic or additive EuroSCORE for high-risk patients?. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 23 (2003) 684-687 discussion 7
    • (2003) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.23 , pp. 684-687
    • Michel, P.1    Roques, F.2    Nashef, S.A.3
  • 22
    • 0036306728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) in North American cardiac surgery
    • Nashef S.A., Roques F., Hammill B.G., Peterson E.D., Michel P., Grover F.L., et al. Validation of European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) in North American cardiac surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 22 (2002) 101-105
    • (2002) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.22 , pp. 101-105
    • Nashef, S.A.1    Roques, F.2    Hammill, B.G.3    Peterson, E.D.4    Michel, P.5    Grover, F.L.6
  • 23
    • 1842532321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early mortality in coronary bypass surgery: the EuroSCORE versus The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk algorithm
    • discussion 9-40
    • Nilsson J., Algotsson L., Hoglund P., Luhrs C., and Brandt J. Early mortality in coronary bypass surgery: the EuroSCORE versus The Society of Thoracic Surgeons risk algorithm. Ann Thorac Surg 77 (2004) 1235-1239 discussion 9-40
    • (2004) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.77 , pp. 1235-1239
    • Nilsson, J.1    Algotsson, L.2    Hoglund, P.3    Luhrs, C.4    Brandt, J.5
  • 25
    • 33748331231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Editorial comment EuroSCORE and the Japanese aorta
    • Nashef S.A. Editorial comment EuroSCORE and the Japanese aorta. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 30 (2006) 582-583
    • (2006) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.30 , pp. 582-583
    • Nashef, S.A.1
  • 28
    • 34047161057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • External validation of prognostic models for critically ill patients required substantial sample sizes
    • Peek N., Arts D.G., Bosman R.J., van der Voort P.H., and de Keizer N.F. External validation of prognostic models for critically ill patients required substantial sample sizes. J Clin Epidemiol 60 (2007) 491-501
    • (2007) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.60 , pp. 491-501
    • Peek, N.1    Arts, D.G.2    Bosman, R.J.3    van der Voort, P.H.4    de Keizer, N.F.5
  • 29
    • 17444420853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial effective sample sizes were required for external validation studies of predictive logistic regression models
    • Vergouwe Y., Steyerberg E.W., Eijkemans M.J., and Habbema J.D. Substantial effective sample sizes were required for external validation studies of predictive logistic regression models. J Clin Epidemiol 58 (2005) 475-483
    • (2005) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.58 , pp. 475-483
    • Vergouwe, Y.1    Steyerberg, E.W.2    Eijkemans, M.J.3    Habbema, J.D.4
  • 30
    • 0028263671 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic value of scoring models for organic and non-organic gastrointestinal disease, including the irritable-bowel syndrome
    • Starmans R., Muris J.W., Fijten G.H., Schouten H.J., Pop P., and Knottnerus J.A. The diagnostic value of scoring models for organic and non-organic gastrointestinal disease, including the irritable-bowel syndrome. Med Decis Making 14 (1994) 208-216
    • (1994) Med Decis Making , vol.14 , pp. 208-216
    • Starmans, R.1    Muris, J.W.2    Fijten, G.H.3    Schouten, H.J.4    Pop, P.5    Knottnerus, J.A.6
  • 31
    • 22144442457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care. A simple diagnostic algorithm including D-dimer testing
    • Oudega R., Moons K.G., and Hoes A.W. Ruling out deep venous thrombosis in primary care. A simple diagnostic algorithm including D-dimer testing. Thromb Haemost 94 (2005) 200-205
    • (2005) Thromb Haemost , vol.94 , pp. 200-205
    • Oudega, R.1    Moons, K.G.2    Hoes, A.W.3
  • 32
    • 0141796729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis
    • Wells P.S., Anderson D.R., Rodger M., Forgie M., Kearon C., Dreyer J., et al. Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med 349 (2003) 1227-1235
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.349 , pp. 1227-1235
    • Wells, P.S.1    Anderson, D.R.2    Rodger, M.3    Forgie, M.4    Kearon, C.5    Dreyer, J.6
  • 34
    • 34248226800 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prediction rule for elderly primary-care patients with lower respiratory tract infections
    • Bont J., Hak E., Hoes A.W., Schipper M., Schellevis F.G., and Verheij T.J. A prediction rule for elderly primary-care patients with lower respiratory tract infections. Eur Respir J 29 (2007) 969-975
    • (2007) Eur Respir J , vol.29 , pp. 969-975
    • Bont, J.1    Hak, E.2    Hoes, A.W.3    Schipper, M.4    Schellevis, F.G.5    Verheij, T.J.6
  • 35
    • 0036959539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Between iatrotropic stimulus and interiatric referral: the domain of primary care research
    • Knottnerus J.A. Between iatrotropic stimulus and interiatric referral: the domain of primary care research. J Clin Epidemiol 55 (2002) 1201-1206
    • (2002) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.55 , pp. 1201-1206
    • Knottnerus, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 22144482023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Wells rule does not adequately rule out deep venous thrombosis in primary care patients
    • Oudega R., Hoes A.W., and Moons K.G. The Wells rule does not adequately rule out deep venous thrombosis in primary care patients. Ann Intern Med 143 (2005) 100-107
    • (2005) Ann Intern Med , vol.143 , pp. 100-107
    • Oudega, R.1    Hoes, A.W.2    Moons, K.G.3
  • 39
    • 28444489275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the Ottawa ankle rules helpful in ruling out the need for x ray examination in children?
    • Myers A., Canty K., and Nelson T. Are the Ottawa ankle rules helpful in ruling out the need for x ray examination in children?. Arch Dis Child 90 (2005) 1309-1311
    • (2005) Arch Dis Child , vol.90 , pp. 1309-1311
    • Myers, A.1    Canty, K.2    Nelson, T.3
  • 40
    • 52949147727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altman DG. Prognostic models: a methodological framework and review of models for breast cancer. In: Lyman GH, Burstein HJ, editors. Breast cancer translational therapeutic strategies. New York; Informa Healthcare: 2007.
    • Altman DG. Prognostic models: a methodological framework and review of models for breast cancer. In: Lyman GH, Burstein HJ, editors. Breast cancer translational therapeutic strategies. New York; Informa Healthcare: 2007.
  • 42
    • 0033609099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ready-made, recalibrated, or Remodeled? Issues in the use of risk indexes for assessing mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery
    • Ivanov J., Tu J.V., and Naylor C.D. Ready-made, recalibrated, or Remodeled? Issues in the use of risk indexes for assessing mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Circulation 99 (1999) 2098-2104
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2098-2104
    • Ivanov, J.1    Tu, J.V.2    Naylor, C.D.3
  • 43
    • 4344696163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation and updating of predictive logistic regression models: a study on sample size and shrinkage
    • Steyerberg E.W., Borsboom G.J., van Houwelingen H.C., Eijkemans M.J., and Habbema J.D. Validation and updating of predictive logistic regression models: a study on sample size and shrinkage. Stat Med 23 (2004) 2567-2586
    • (2004) Stat Med , vol.23 , pp. 2567-2586
    • Steyerberg, E.W.1    Borsboom, G.J.2    van Houwelingen, H.C.3    Eijkemans, M.J.4    Habbema, J.D.5
  • 44
    • 36849089158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Updating methods improved the performance of a clinical prediction model in new patients
    • Janssen K.J., Moons K.G., Kalkman C.J., Grobbee D.E., and Vergouwe Y. Updating methods improved the performance of a clinical prediction model in new patients. J Clin Epidemiol 61 (2008) 76-86
    • (2008) J Clin Epidemiol , vol.61 , pp. 76-86
    • Janssen, K.J.1    Moons, K.G.2    Kalkman, C.J.3    Grobbee, D.E.4    Vergouwe, Y.5
  • 45
    • 0034945516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation
    • D'Agostino Sr. R.B., Grundy S., Sullivan L.M., and Wilson P. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA 286 (2001) 180-187
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 180-187
    • D'Agostino Sr., R.B.1    Grundy, S.2    Sullivan, L.M.3    Wilson, P.4
  • 46
    • 2542437775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive value for the Chinese population of the Framingham CHD risk assessment tool compared with the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study
    • Liu J., Hong Y., D'Agostino Sr. R.B., Wu Z., Wang W., Sun J., et al. Predictive value for the Chinese population of the Framingham CHD risk assessment tool compared with the Chinese Multi-Provincial Cohort Study. JAMA 291 (2004) 2591-2599
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 2591-2599
    • Liu, J.1    Hong, Y.2    D'Agostino Sr., R.B.3    Wu, Z.4    Wang, W.5    Sun, J.6
  • 47
    • 1642400145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials
    • Campbell M.K., Elbourne D.R., and Altman D.G. CONSORT statement: extension to cluster randomised trials. BMJ 328 7441 (2004) 702-708
    • (2004) BMJ , vol.328 , Issue.7441 , pp. 702-708
    • Campbell, M.K.1    Elbourne, D.R.2    Altman, D.G.3
  • 48
    • 3042704760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised controlled trial of a tailored multifaceted strategy to promote implementation of a clinical guideline on induced abortion care
    • Foy R., Penney G.C., Grimshaw J.M., Ramsay C.R., Walker A.E., MacLennan G., et al. A randomised controlled trial of a tailored multifaceted strategy to promote implementation of a clinical guideline on induced abortion care. BJOG 111 (2004) 726-733
    • (2004) BJOG , vol.111 , pp. 726-733
    • Foy, R.1    Penney, G.C.2    Grimshaw, J.M.3    Ramsay, C.R.4    Walker, A.E.5    MacLennan, G.6
  • 49
    • 0033974755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. CAPITAL Study Investigators. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin
    • Marrie T.J., Lau C.Y., Wheeler S.L., Wong C.J., Vandervoort M.K., and Feagan B.G. A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. CAPITAL Study Investigators. Community-Acquired Pneumonia Intervention Trial Assessing Levofloxacin. JAMA 283 (2000) 749-755
    • (2000) JAMA , vol.283 , pp. 749-755
    • Marrie, T.J.1    Lau, C.Y.2    Wheeler, S.L.3    Wong, C.J.4    Vandervoort, M.K.5    Feagan, B.G.6
  • 50
    • 29144464969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the risk of falling-efficacy of a risk assessment tool compared to nurses' judgement: a cluster-randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN37794278]
    • Meyer G., Kopke S., Bender R., and Muhlhauser I. Predicting the risk of falling-efficacy of a risk assessment tool compared to nurses' judgement: a cluster-randomised controlled trial [ISRCTN37794278]. BMC Geriatr 5 (2005) 14
    • (2005) BMC Geriatr , vol.5 , pp. 14
    • Meyer, G.1    Kopke, S.2    Bender, R.3    Muhlhauser, I.4
  • 51
    • 0029095971 scopus 로고
    • Multicentre trial to introduce the Ottawa ankle rules for use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Multicentre Ankle Rule Study Group
    • Stiell I., Wells G., Laupacis A., Brison R., Verbeek R., Vandemheen K., et al. Multicentre trial to introduce the Ottawa ankle rules for use of radiography in acute ankle injuries. Multicentre Ankle Rule Study Group. BMJ 311 7005 (1995) 594-597
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.311 , Issue.7005 , pp. 594-597
    • Stiell, I.1    Wells, G.2    Laupacis, A.3    Brison, R.4    Verbeek, R.5    Vandemheen, K.6
  • 52
    • 33644590528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality predictions in the intensive care unit: comparing physicians with scoring systems
    • Sinuff T., Adhikari N.K., Cook D.J., Schunemann H.J., Griffith L.E., Rocker G., et al. Mortality predictions in the intensive care unit: comparing physicians with scoring systems. Crit Care Med 34 (2006) 878-885
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 878-885
    • Sinuff, T.1    Adhikari, N.K.2    Cook, D.J.3    Schunemann, H.J.4    Griffith, L.E.5    Rocker, G.6
  • 53
    • 17644412027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical prediction rules in trauma imaging: who, how, and why?
    • Blackmore C.C. Clinical prediction rules in trauma imaging: who, how, and why?. Radiology 235 (2005) 371-374
    • (2005) Radiology , vol.235 , pp. 371-374
    • Blackmore, C.C.1
  • 54
    • 0030239603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting clinical states in individual patients
    • Braitman L.E., and Davidoff F. Predicting clinical states in individual patients. Ann Intern Med 125 (1996) 406-412
    • (1996) Ann Intern Med , vol.125 , pp. 406-412
    • Braitman, L.E.1    Davidoff, F.2
  • 55
    • 25144500933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical decision rules "in the real world": how a widely disseminated rule is used in everyday practice
    • Brehaut J.C., Stiell I.G., Visentin L., and Graham I.D. Clinical decision rules "in the real world": how a widely disseminated rule is used in everyday practice. Acad Emerg Med 12 (2005) 948-956
    • (2005) Acad Emerg Med , vol.12 , pp. 948-956
    • Brehaut, J.C.1    Stiell, I.G.2    Visentin, L.3    Graham, I.D.4
  • 56
    • 33645279244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Will a new clinical decision rule be widely used? The case of the Canadian C-spine rule
    • Brehaut J.C., Stiell I.G., and Graham I.D. Will a new clinical decision rule be widely used? The case of the Canadian C-spine rule. Acad Emerg Med 13 (2006) 413-420
    • (2006) Acad Emerg Med , vol.13 , pp. 413-420
    • Brehaut, J.C.1    Stiell, I.G.2    Graham, I.D.3
  • 57
    • 0035904362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients
    • Stiell I.G., Wells G.A., Vandemheen K.L., Clement C.M., Lesiuk H., De Maio V.J., et al. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA 286 (2001) 1841-1848
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.286 , pp. 1841-1848
    • Stiell, I.G.1    Wells, G.A.2    Vandemheen, K.L.3    Clement, C.M.4    Lesiuk, H.5    De Maio, V.J.6
  • 58
    • 0035963980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic reviews of evaluations of prognostic variables
    • Altman D.G. Systematic reviews of evaluations of prognostic variables. BMJ 323 7306 (2001) 224-228
    • (2001) BMJ , vol.323 , Issue.7306 , pp. 224-228
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 59
    • 0038485778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reporting of prognostic markers: current problems and development of guidelines for evidence-based practice in the future
    • Riley R.D., Abrams K.R., Sutton A.J., Lambert P.C., Jones D.R., Heney D., et al. Reporting of prognostic markers: current problems and development of guidelines for evidence-based practice in the future. Br J Cancer 88 (2003) 1191-1198
    • (2003) Br J Cancer , vol.88 , pp. 1191-1198
    • Riley, R.D.1    Abrams, K.R.2    Sutton, A.J.3    Lambert, P.C.4    Jones, D.R.5    Heney, D.6
  • 60
    • 0038730843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic reviews with individual patient data meta-analysis to evaluate diagnostic tests
    • Khan K.S., Bachmann L.M., and ter Riet G. Systematic reviews with individual patient data meta-analysis to evaluate diagnostic tests. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 108 (2003) 121-125
    • (2003) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol , vol.108 , pp. 121-125
    • Khan, K.S.1    Bachmann, L.M.2    ter Riet, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.