Clinical review: Traumatic brain injury in patients receiving antiplatelet medication

Critical Care

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2012, Pages

  Beynon, Christopher ^a   Hertle, Daniel N ^a   Unterberg, Andreas W ^a   Sakowitz, Oliver W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ABCIXIMAB; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ANTITHROMBOCYTIC AGENT; CLOPIDOGREL; DESMOPRESSIN; EPTIFIBATIDE; HEMOSTATIC AGENT; NONSTEROID ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENT; PRASUGREL; RECOMBINANT BLOOD CLOTTING FACTOR 7A; TICLOPIDINE; TIROFIBAN; TRANEXAMIC ACID; VORAPAXAR; WARFARIN;

BLOOD CLOTTING; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; THROMBOCYTE TRANSFUSION; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HEMOSTATIC TECHNIQUE; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC; MORTALITY; RISK ASSESSMENT;

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; HEMOSTATIC TECHNIQUES; HUMANS; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC; PLATELET AGGREGATION INHIBITORS; PLATELET TRANSFUSION; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 84864354269     PISSN: 13648535     EISSN: 1466609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/cc11292     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Lopes RD. Antiplatelet agents in cardiovascular disease. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2011, 31:306-309. 10.1007/s11239-011-0558-9, 21327512.
2. Moppett IK. Traumatic brain injury: assessment, resuscitation and early management. Br J Anaesth 2007, 99:18-31. 10.1093/bja/aem128, 17545555.
3. Karni A, Holtzman R, Bass T, Zorman G, Carter L, Rodriguez L, Bennett-Shipman VJ, Lottenberg L. Traumatic head injury in the anticoagulated elderly patient: a lethal combination. Am Surg 2001, 67:1098-1100.
4. Lavoie A, Ratte S, Clas D, Demers J, Moore L, Martin M, Bergeron E. Preinjury warfarin use among elderly patients with closed head injuries in a trauma center. J Trauma 2004, 56:802-807. 10.1097/01.TA.0000066183.02177.AF, 15187746.
5. Vang ML, Hvas AM, Ravn HB. Urgent reversal of vitamin K antagonist therapy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011, 55:507-516. 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2011.02414.x, 21418150.
6. Chapman SA, Irwin ED, Beal AL, Kulinski NM, Hutson KE, Thorson MAL. Prothrombin complex concentrate versus standard therapies for INR reversal in trauma patients receiving warfarin. Ann Pharmacother 2011, 45:869-875. 10.1345/aph.1P605, 21775690.
7. Minno MNDD, Guida A, Camera M, Colli S, Minno GD, Tremoli E. Overcoming limitations of current antiplatelet drugs: a concerted effort for more profitable strategies of intervention. Ann Med 2011, 43:531-544. 10.3109/07853890.2011.582137, 3231843, 21815879.
8. Varga-Szabo D, Pleines I, Nieswandt B. Cell adhesion mechanisms in platelets. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2008, 28:403-412. 10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.150474, 18174460.
9. Raymenants E, Yang B, Nicolini F, Behrens P, Lawson D, Mehta JL. Verapamil and aspirin modulate platelet-mediated vasomotion in arterial segments with intact or disrupted endothelium. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993, 22:684-689. 10.1016/0735-1097(93)90177-3, 8354799.
10. De Meyer SF, Vanhoorelbeke K, Broos K, Salles II, Deckmyn H. Antiplatelet drugs. Br J Haematol 2008, 142:515-528. 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2008.07233.x, 18513285.
11. Powner DJ, Hartwell EA, Hoots WK. Counteracting the effects of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents during neurosurgical emergencies. Neurosurgery 2005, 57:823-831. discussion 823-831, 10.1227/01.NEU.0000179915.74429.b2, 16284551.
12. Steinhubl SR, Berger PB, Mann JT, Fry ETA, DeLago A, Wilmer C, Topol EJ. Early and sustained dual oral antiplatelet therapy following percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002, 288:2411-2420. 10.1001/jama.288.19.2411, 12435254.
13. Weber AA, Braun M, Hohlfeld T, Schwippert B, Tschöpe D, Schrör K. Recovery of platelet function after discontinuation of clopidogrel treatment in healthy volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001, 52:333-336. 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01453.x, 2014541, 11560568.
14. Aragam KG, Bhatt DL. Antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndromes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2011, 16:24-42. 10.1177/1074248410381758, 20924098.
15. Scarborough RM, Kleiman NS, Phillips DR. Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists. What are the relevant issues concerning their pharmacology and clinical use?. Circulation 1999, 100:437-444. 10.1161/01.CIR.100.4.437, 10421606.
16. Peterson ED, Roe MT, Mulgund J, DeLong ER, Lytle BL, Brindis RG, Smith SC, Pollack CV, Newby LK, Harrington RA, Gibler WB, Ohman EM. Association between hospital process performance and outcomes among patients with acute coronary syndromes. JAMA 2006, 295:1912-1920. 10.1001/jama.295.16.1912, 16639050.
17. Russolillo A, Di Minno MND, Tufano A, Prisco D, Di Minno G. Filling the gap between science & clinical practice: prevention of stroke recurrence. Thromb Res 2012, 129:3-8. 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.08.012, 21907395.
18. Tello-Montoliu A, Tomasello SD, Ueno M, Angiolillo DJ. Antiplatelet therapy: thrombin receptor antagonists. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011, 72:658-671. 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03884.x, 21906120.
19. Tricoci P, Huang Z, Held C, Moliterno DJ, Armstrong PW, Van de Werf F, White HD, Aylward PE, Wallentin L, Chen E, Lokhnygina Y, Pei J, Leonardi S, Rorick TL, Kilian AM, Jennings LHK, Ambrosio G, Bode C, Cequier A, Cornel JH, Diaz R, Erkan A, Huber K, Hudson MP, Jiang L, Jukema JW, Lewis BS, Lincoff AM, Montalescot G, Nicolau JC, et al. Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med 2012, 366:20-33. 10.1056/NEJMoa1109719, 22077816.
20. Mina AA, Knipfer JF, Park DY, Bair HA, Howells GA, Bendick PJ. Intracranial complications of preinjury anticoagulation in trauma patients with head injury. J Trauma 2002, 53:668-672. 10.1097/00005373-200210000-00008, 12394864.
21. Ohm C, Mina A, Howells G, Bair H, Bendick P. Effects of antiplatelet agents on outcomes for elderly patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage. J Trauma 2005, 58:518-522. 10.1097/01.TA.0000151671.35280.8B, 15761345.
22. Major J, Reed MJ. A retrospective review of patients with head injury with coexistent anticoagulant and antiplatelet use admitted from a UK emergency department. Emerg Med J 2009, 26:871-876. 10.1136/emj.2008.068643, 19934132.
23. Spektor S, Agus S, Merkin V, Constantini S. Low-dose aspirin prophylaxis and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients older than 60 years of age with mild or moderate head injury: a prospective study. J Neurosurg 2003, 99:661-665. 10.3171/jns.2003.99.4.0661, 14567600.
24. Jones K, Sharp C, Mangram AJ, Dunn EL. The effects of preinjury clopidogrel use on older trauma patients with head injuries. Am J Surg 2006, 192:743-745. 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.037, 17161086.
25. Wong DK, Lurie F, Wong LL. The effects of clopidogrel on elderly traumatic brain injured patients. J Trauma 2008, 65:1303-1308. 10.1097/TA.0b013e318185e234, 19077618.
26. Bonville DJ, Ata A, Jahraus CB, Arnold-Lloyd T, Salem L, Rosati C, Stain SC. Impact of preinjury warfarin and antiplatelet agents on outcomes of trauma patients. Surgery 2011, 150:861-868. 10.1016/j.surg.2011.07.070, 22000201.
27. Bachelani AM, Bautz JT, Sperry JL, Corcos A, Zenati M, Billiar TR, Peitzman AB, Marshall GT. Assessment of platelet transfusion for reversal of aspirin after traumatic brain injury. Surgery 2011, 150:836-843. 10.1016/j.surg.2011.07.059, 22000198.
28. Fabbri A, Servadei F, Marchesini G, Stein SC, Vandelli A. Predicting intracranial lesions by antiplatelet agents in subjects with mild head injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr 2010, 81:1275-1279. 10.1136/jnnp.2009.197467, 20643657.
29. Chen A, Teruya J. Global hemostasis testing thromboelastography: old technology, new applications. Clin Lab Med 2009, 29:391-407. 10.1016/j.cll.2009.04.003, 19665684.
30. Rossaint R, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Coats TJ, Duranteau J, Fernández-Mondéjar E, Hunt BJ, Komadina R, Nardi G, Neugebauer E, Ozier Y, Riddez L, Schultz A, Stahel PF, Vincent J-L, Spahn DR. Management of bleeding following major trauma: an updated European guideline. Crit Care 2010, 14:R52. 10.1186/cc8943, 2887168, 20370902.
31. Schöchl H, Solomon C, Traintinger S, Nienaber U, Tacacs-Tolnai A, Windhofer C, Bahrami S, Voelckel W. Thromboelastometric (ROTEM) findings in patients suffering from isolated severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011, 28:2033-2041. 10.1089/neu.2010.1744, 21942848.
32. Bansal V, Fortlage D, Lee J, Doucet J, Potenza B, Coimbra R. A new clopidogrel (Plavix) point-of-care assay: rapid determination of antiplatelet activity in trauma patients. J Trauma 2011, 70:65-69. discussion 69-70, 10.1097/TA.0b013e318204fdae, 21217483.
33. Vilahur G, Choi BG, Zafar MU, Viles-Gonzalez JF, Vorchheimer DA, Fuster V, Badimon JJ. Normalization of platelet reactivity in clopidogrel-treated subjects. J Thromb Haemost 2007, 5:82-90. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02245.x, 17239165.
34. Ducruet AF, Hickman ZL, Zacharia BE, Grobelny BT, DeRosa PA, Landes E, Lei S, Khandji J, Gutbrod S, Connolly ES. Impact of platelet transfusion on hematoma expansion in patients receiving antiplatelet agents before intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurol Res 2010, 32:706-710. 10.1179/174313209X459129, 20819399.
35. Naidech AM, Liebling SM, Rosenberg NF, Lindholm PF, Bernstein RA, Batjer HH, Alberts MJ, Kwaan HC. Early platelet transfusion improves platelet activity and may improve outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2012, 16:82-87.
36. Downey DM, Monson B, Butler KL, Fortuna GR, Saxe JM, Dolan JP, Markert RJ, McCarthy MC. Does platelet administration affect mortality in elderly head-injured patients taking antiplatelet medications?. Am Surg 2009, 75:1100-1103.
37. Washington CW, Schuerer DJE, Grubb RL. Platelet transfusion: an unnecessary risk for mild traumatic brain injury patients on antiplatelet therapy. J Trauma 2011, 71:358-363. 10.1097/TA.0b013e318220ad7e, 21825939.
38. Norfolk DR, Ancliffe PJ, Contreras M, Hunt BJ, Machin SJ, Murphy WG, Williamson LM. Consensus Conference on Platelet Transfusion, Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh, 27-28 November 1997. Synopsis of background papers. Br J Haematol 1998, 101:609-617. 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00773.x, 9674730.
39. Lethagen S. Desmopressin (DDAVP) and hemostasis. Ann Hematol 1994, 69:173-180. 10.1007/BF02215950, 7948303.
40. Levi M, Eerenberg E, Kamphuisen PW. Bleeding risk and reversal strategies for old and new anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents. J Thromb Haemost 2011, 9:1705-1712. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04432.x, 21729240.
41. Beshay JE, Morgan H, Madden C, Yu W, Sarode R. Emergency reversal of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapies in neurosurgical patients. J Neurosurg 2010, 112:307-318. 10.3171/2009.7.JNS0982, 19663548.
42. Leithäuser B, Zielske D, Seyfert UT, Jung F. Effects of desmopressin on platelet membrane glycoproteins and platelet aggregation in volunteers on clopidogrel. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2008, 39:293-302.
43. Flordal PA, Sahlin S. Use of desmopressin to prevent bleeding complications in patients treated with aspirin. Br J Surg 1993, 80:723-724. 10.1002/bjs.1800800616, 8330156.
44. Gratz I, Koehler J, Olsen D, Afshar M, DeCastro N, Spagna PM, Ablaza SG, Larijani GE. The effect of desmopressin acetate on postoperative hemorrhage in patients receiving aspirin therapy before coronary artery bypass operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992, 104:1417-1422.
45. Ranucci M, Nano G, Pazzaglia A, Bianchi P, Casana R, Tealdi DG. Platelet mapping and desmopressin reversal of platelet inhibition during emergency carotid endarterectomy. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2007, 21:851-854. 10.1053/j.jvca.2007.05.009, 18068065.
46. Roberts HR, Monroe DM, White GC. The use of recombinant factor VIIa in the treatment of bleeding disorders. Blood 2004, 104:3858-3864. 10.1182/blood-2004-06-2223, 15328151.
47. Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K, Broderick J, Davis S, Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Steiner T. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2008, 358:2127-2137. 10.1056/NEJMoa0707534, 18480205.
48. Dutton RP, McCunn M, Hyder M, D'Angelo M, O'Connor J, Hess JR, Scalea TM. Factor VIIa for correction of traumatic coagulopathy. J Trauma 2004, 57:709-718. discussion 718-719, 10.1097/01.TA.0000140646.66852.AB, 15514523.
49. Narayan RK, Maas AIR, Marshall LF, Servadei F, Skolnick BE, Tillinger MN. Recombinant factor VIIA in traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage: results of a dose-escalation clinical trial. Neurosurgery 2008, 62:776-786. discussion 786-788, 10.1227/01.neu.0000316898.78371.74, 18596428.
50. Altman R, Scazziota A, DE Lourdes Herrera M, Gonzalez C. Recombinant factor VIIa reverses the inhibitory effect of aspirin or aspirin plus clopidogrel on in vitro thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost 2006, 4:2022-2027. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2006.02088.x, 16961610.
51. Lisman T, Adelmeijer J, Cauwenberghs S, Van Pampus ECM, Heemskerk JWM, De Groot PG. Recombinant factor VIIa enhances platelet adhesion and activation under flow conditions at normal and reduced platelet count. J Thromb Haemost 2005, 3:742-751. 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01227.x, 15842358.
52. De Fabritiis P, Dentamaro T, Picardi A, Cudillo L, Masi M, Amadori S. Recombinant factor VIIa for the management of severe hemorrhages in patients with hematologic malignancies. Haematologica 2004, 89:243-245.
53. Hindy-François C, Bachelot-Loza C, Le Bonniec B, Grelac F, Dizier B, Godier A, Emmerich J, Gaussem P, Samama C-M. Recombinant activated factor VII does not reduce bleeding in rabbits treated with aspirin and clopidogrel. Thromb Haemost 2010, 104:823-830. 10.1160/TH10-01-0039, 20664889.
54. Skolnick BE, Shenouda M, Khutoryansky NM, Pusateri AE, Gabriel D, Carr ME. Reversal of clopidogrel-induced bleeding with rFVIIa in healthy subjects: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, exploratory study. Anesth Analg 2011, 113:703-710.
55. Dunn CJ, Goa KL. Tranexamic acid: a review of its use in surgery and other indications. Drugs 1999, 57:1005-1032. 10.2165/00003495-199957060-00017, 10400410.
56. Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, Dewan Y, El-Sayed H, Gogichaishvili T, Gupta S, Herrera J, Hunt B, Iribhogbe P, Izurieta M, Khamis H, Komolafe E, Marrero M-A, Mejía-Mantilla J, Miranda J, Morales C, Olaomi O, Olldashi F, Perel P, Peto R, Ramana PV, Ravi RR, Yutthakasemsunt S. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2010, 376:23-32.
57. Weber CF, Görlinger K, Byhahn C, Moritz A, Hanke AA, Zacharowski K, Meininger D. Tranexamic acid partially improves platelet function in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011, 28:57-62.
58. Pleym H, Stenseth R, Wahba A, Bjella L, Karevold A, Dale O. Single-dose tranexamic acid reduces postoperative bleeding after coronary surgery in patients treated with aspirin until surgery. Anesth Analg 2003, 96:923-928. table of contents.
59. Roos YB, Rinkel GJ, Vermeulen M, Algra A, van Gijn J. Antifibrinolytic therapy for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003, CD001245.
60. Effect of tranexamic acid in traumatic brain injury: a nested randomised, placebo controlled trial (CRASH-2 Intracranial Bleeding Study). BMJ 2011, 343:d3795. 3128457, 21724564.
61. Narayan RK, Maas AIR, Servadei F, Skolnick BE, Tillinger MN, Marshall LF. Progression of traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage: a prospective observational study. J Neurotrauma 2008, 25:629-639. 10.1089/neu.2007.0385, 18491950.
62. Moussa ID, Colombo A. Antiplatelet therapy discontinuation following drug-eluting stent placement: dangers, reasons, and management recommendations. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2009, 74:1047-1054. 10.1002/ccd.22167, 19626692.
63. Airoldi F, Colombo A, Morici N, Latib A, Cosgrave J, Buellesfeld L, Bonizzoni E, Carlino M, Gerckens U, Godino C, Melzi G, Michev I, Montorfano M, Sangiorgi GM, Qasim A, Chieffo A, Briguori C, Grube E. Incidence and predictors of drug-eluting stent thrombosis during and after discontinuation of thienopyridine treatment. Circulation 2007, 116:745-754. 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.686048, 17664375.
64. Biondi-Zoccai GGL, Lotrionte M, Agostoni P, Abbate A, Fusaro M, Burzotta F, Testa L, Sheiban I, Sangiorgi G. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the hazards of discontinuing or not adhering to aspirin among 50,279 patients at risk for coronary artery disease. Eur Heart J 2006, 27:2667-2674. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl334, 17053008.
65. Di Minno MND, Prisco D, Ruocco AL, Mastronardi P, Massa S, Di Minno G. Perioperative handling of patients on antiplatelet therapy with need for surgery. Intern Emerg Med 2009, 4:279-288. 10.1007/s11739-009-0265-0, 19533288.
66. Korte W, Cattaneo M, Chassot P-G, Eichinger S, von Heymann C, Hofmann N, Rickli H, Spannagl M, Ziegler B, Verheugt F, Huber K. Peri-operative management of antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: joint position paper by members of the working group on Perioperative Haemostasis of the Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research (GTH), the working group on Perioperative Coagulation of the Austrian Society for Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (ÖGARI) and the Working Group Thrombosis of the European Society for Cardiology (ESC). Thromb Haemost 2011, 105:743-749. 10.1160/TH10-04-0217, 21437351.
67. Di Minno MND, Prisco D, Ruocco AL, Mastronardi P, Massa S, Di Minno G. Perioperative handling of patients on antiplatelet therapy with need for surgery. Intern Emerg Med 2009, 4:279-288. 10.1007/s11739-009-0265-0, 19533288.
68. Savonitto S, D'Urbano M, Caracciolo M, Barlocco F, Mariani G, Nichelatti M, Klugmann S, De Servi S. Urgent surgery in patients with a recently implanted coronary drug-eluting stent: a phase II study of "bridging" antiplatelet therapy with tirofiban during temporary withdrawal of clopidogrel. Br J Anaesth 2010, 104:285-291. 10.1093/bja/aep373, 20047898.
69. Vicenzi MN, Meislitzer T, Heitzinger B, Halaj M, Fleisher LA, Metzler H. Coronary artery stenting and non-cardiac surgery - a prospective outcome study. Br J Anaesth 2006, 96:686-693. 10.1093/bja/ael083, 16670113.
70. Ferrari E, Benhamou M, Cerboni P, Marcel B. Coronary syndromes following aspirin withdrawal: a special risk for late stent thrombosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005, 45:456-459. 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.11.041, 15680728.