Category formation in autism: Can individuals with autism form categories and prototypes of dot patterns?

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders

Volumn 42, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1694-1704

  Gastgeb, Holly Zajac ^a   Dundas, Eva M ^b   Minshew, Nancy J ^a   Strauss, Mark S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b CARNEGIE MELLON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Autism; Categorization; Cognition; Eye tracking; Implicit; Prototype

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUTISM; CATEGORIZATION; CLINICAL ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE TRACKING; FUNCTIONAL STATUS; HUMAN; INTELLIGENCE; MALE; MEMORY; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTOTYPE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ATTENTION; AUTISTIC DISORDER; COGNITION; CONCEPT FORMATION; EYE MOVEMENTS; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS;

EID: 84864338936     PISSN: 01623257     EISSN: 15733432     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-011-1411-x     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Bott, L., Brock, J., Brockdorff, N., Boucher, J., & Lamberts, K. (2006). Perceptual similarity in autism. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 39, 1-18.
2. Eigsti, I., & Mayo, J. (2011). Implicit learning in ASD. In D. A. Fein (Ed.), The neuropsychology of autism. New York: Oxford Press.
3. Frith, U., & Happé, F. (1994). Autism: Beyond "theory of mind". Cognition, 50, 115-132.
4. Gadow, K., Sprafkin, J., & Weiss, M. (1999). Adult symptom inventory-4. Stony Brook, NY: Checkmate Plus.
5. Gastgeb, H. Z., Strauss, M. S., & Minshew, N. J. (2006). Do individuals with autism process categories differently: The effect of typicality and development. Child Development, 77, 1717-1729. (Pubitemid 44730037)
6. Gastgeb, H. Z., Rump, K. M., Best, C. A., Minshew, N. J., & Strauss, M. S. (2009). Prototype formation: Can individuals with autism abstract facial prototypes? Autism Research, 2, 279-284.
7. Gastgeb, H. Z., Wilkinson, D. A., Minshew, N. J., & Strauss, M. S. (2011). Can individuals with autism abstract prototypes of natural faces? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1609-1618.
8. Homa, D., Goldhart, B., Burruel-Homa, L., & Smith, J. C. (1993). Influence of manipulated category knowledge on prototype classification and recognition. Memory and Cognition, 21, 529-538. (Pubitemid 23191410)
9. Kéri, S., Kálmán, J., Kelemen, O., Benedek, G., & Janka, Z. (2001). Are Alzheimer's disease patients able to learn visual prototypes? Neuropsychologia, 39, 1218-1223. (Pubitemid 32799150)
10. Klinger, L. G., & Dawson, G. (1995). A fresh look at categorization abilities in persons with autism. In E. Schopler & G. Mesibov (Eds.), Learning and cognition in autism (pp. 119-136). New York: Plenum Press.
11. Klinger, L. G., & Dawson, G. (2001). Prototype formation in autism. Development and Psychology, 13, 111-124. (Pubitemid 33580414)
12. Klinger, L. G., Klinger, M. R., & Pohlig, R. L. (2006). Implicit learning impairments in autism spectrum disorders: Implications for treatment. In J. M. Perez, P. M. Gonzalez, M. L. Comi, & C. Nieto (Eds.), New developments in autism: The future is today (pp. 75-102). Kingsley Press: London.
13. Knowlton, B. J., & Squire, L. R. (1993). The learning of categories: Parallel brain systems for item memory and category knowledge. Science, 262, 1747-1749. (Pubitemid 24030101)
14. Lewis, P., & Strauss, M. S. (1986). Infant concept development. In G. Whitehurst (Ed.), Annals of child development. Connecticut: J. A. I. Press.
15. Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., Heemsbergen, J., Jordan, H., Mawhood, L., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic observation schedule: A standardized observation of communicative and social behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19, 185-212. (Pubitemid 19176529)
16. Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659-695.
17. Minshew, N. J., Goldstein, G., Muenz, L. R., & Payton, J. B. (1992). Neuropsychological functioning in non-mentally retarded autistic individuals. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 14, 749-761.
18. Minshew, N. J., Meyer, J., & Goldstein, G. (2002). Abstract reasoning in autism: A dissociation between concept formation and concept identification. Neuropsychology, 16, 224-327.
19. Molesworth, C. J., Bowler, D. M., & Hampton, J. A. (2005). The prototype effect in recognition memory: Intact in autism? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 661-672. (Pubitemid 40778965)
20. Molesworth, C. J., Bowler, D. M., & Hampton, J. A. (2008). When prototypes are not best: Judgments made by children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1721-1730.
21. Mottron, L., Dawson, M., Soulières, I., Hubert, B., & Burack, J. (2006). Enhanced perceptual functioning in autism: An update, and eight principles of autistic perception. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36, 27-43.
22. Newell, L. C., Best, C. A., Gastgeb, H., Rump, K. M., & Strauss, M. S. (2010). The development of categorization and facial knowledge: Implications for the study of autism. In L. M. Oakes, C. H. Cashon, M. Casasola, & R. H. Rakison (Eds.), Infant perception and cognition: Recent advances, emerging theories, and future directions. Oxford Press: New York.
23. Oakes, L. M., Cashon, C. H., Casasola, M., & Rakison, D. H. (Eds.). (2010). Infant perception and cognition: Recent advances, emerging theories, and future directions. New York: Oxford University Press.
24. Plaisted, K., O'Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998). Enhanced discrimination of novel, highly similar stimuli by adults with autism during a perceptual learning task. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 765-775. (Pubitemid 28339608)
25. Posner, M. I., & Keele, S. W. (1968). On the genesis of abstract ideas. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 77, 353-363.
26. Posner, M. I., Goldsmith, R., & Welton, K. E. (1967). Perceived distance and the classification of distorted patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 73, 28-38.
27. Rosch, E., & Lloyd, B. (1978). Cognition and categorization. Hillsdale NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
28. Rubenstein, A. J., Kalakanis, L., & Langlois, J. H. (1999). Infant preferences for attractive faces: A cognitive explanation. Developmental Psychology, 35, 848-855.
29. Strauss, M. S. (1979). The abstraction of prototypical information by adults and 10 month old infants. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory, 50, 618-632.
30. Vladusich, T., Olu-Lafe, O., Kim, D.-S., Tager-Flusberg, H., & Grossberg, S. (2010). Prototypical category learning in highfunctioning autism. Autism Research, 3, 1-11.
31. Wechsler, D. (1999). Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence. San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation.
32. Weissman, M. M., Wickramaratne, P., Adams, P., Wolk, S., Verdeli, H., & Olfson, M. (2000). Brief screening for family psychiatric history: The family history screen. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 675-682. (Pubitemid 30445859)
33. Younger, B. (1990). Infant categorization: Memory for category-level and specific item information. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50, 131-155.
34. Younger, B., & Gotlieb, S. (1988). Development of categorization skills: Changes in the nature or structure of infant form categories. Developmental Psychology, 24, 611-619.
35. Zaki, S. R., & Nosofsky, R. M. (2007). A high-distortion enhancement in the prototype-learning paradigm: Dramatic effects of category learning during test. Memory & Cognition, 35, 2088-2096.