Peripheral galanin receptor 2 as a target for the modulation of pain

Pain Research and Treatment

Volumn 2012, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Hulse, Richard P ^a   Donaldson, Lucy F ^a   Wynick, David ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864325677     PISSN: 20901542     EISSN: 20901550     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/545386     Document Type: Review

References (82)

1. Tatemoto K., Rokaeus A., Jornvall H., Galanin-a novel biologically active peptide from porcine intestine. FEBS Letters 1983 164 1 124 128 2-s2.0-0021040521 10.1016/0014-5793(83)80033-7 (Pubitemid 14201839)
2. Rokaeus A., Melander T., Hokfelt T., A galanin-like peptide in the central nervous system and intestine of the rat. Neuroscience Letters 1984 47 2 161 166 10.1016/0304-3940(84)90423-3 (Pubitemid 14123275)
3. Crawley J. N., Galanin impairs cognitive abilities in rodents: relevance to Alzheimer's disease. EXS 2010 102 133 1341
4. Barson J. R., Morganstern I., Leibowitz S. F., Galanin and consummatory behavior: special relationship with dietary fat, alcohol and circulating lipids. EXS 2010 102 87 111 10.1007/978-3-0346-0228-08
5. Xu X. J., Hökfelt T., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Galanin and spinal pain mechanisms: past, present, and future. EXS 2010 102 39 50 10.1007/978-3-0346- 0228-04
6. Villar M. J., Cortes R., Theodorsson E., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Schalling, Fahrenkrug J., Emson P. C., Hokfelt T., Neuropeptide expression in rat dorsal root ganglion cells and spinal cord after peripheral nerve injury with special reference to galanin. Neuroscience 1989 33 3 587 604 2-s2.0-0024849566 10.1016/0306-4522(89)90411-9 (Pubitemid 20047894)
7. Skofitsch G., Jacobowitz D. M., Immunohistochemical mapping of galanin-like neurons in the rat central nervous system. Peptides 1985 6 3 509 546 2-s2.0-0022216105 (Pubitemid 16255665)
8. Imbe H., Abe T., Okamoto K., Sato M., Ito H., Kumabe S., Senba E., Increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat hypothalamic arcuate neurons after peripheral nerve injury. Neuroscience Letters 2004 368 1 102 106 2-s2.0-4444283209 10.1016/j.neulet.2004.06.073 (Pubitemid 39178757)
9. Sun Y. G., Gu X. L., Lundeberg T., Yu L. C., An antinociceptive role of galanin in the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus in intact rats and rats with inflammation. Pain 2003 106 1-2 143 150 2-s2.0-0142165204 10.1016/S0304-3959(03) 00316-6 (Pubitemid 37329624)
10. Hokfelt T., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Villar M., Melander T., Increase of galanin-like immunoreactivity in rat dorsal root ganglion cells after peripheral axotomy. Neuroscience Letters 1987 83 3 217 220 2-s2.0-0023484637 (Pubitemid 18001453)
11. 2+ currents in adult, acutely dissociated dorsal root ganglion neurons. European Journal of Neuroscience 2003 18 11 2957 2966 2-s2.0-0347510522 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2003. 03057.x (Pubitemid 38021537)
12. Caterina M. J., Schumacher M. A., Tominaga M., Rosen T. A., Levine J. D., Julius D., The capsaicin receptor: a heat-activated ion channel in the pain pathway. Nature 1997 389 6653 816 824 2-s2.0-0030777012 10.1038/39807 (Pubitemid 27462969)
13. Coronel M. F., Brumovsky P. R., Hökfelt T., Villar M. J., Differential galanin upregulation in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord after graded single ligature nerve constriction of the rat sciatic nerve. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 2008 35 1 94 100 2-s2.0-37349034536 10.1016/j.jchemneu. 2007.07.001 (Pubitemid 350297684)
14. Hulse R., Wynick D., Donaldson L. F., Characterization of a novel neuropathic pain model in mice. NeuroReport 2008 19 8 825 829 2-s2.0-43249110202 10.1097/WNR.0b013e328300ee0a (Pubitemid 351655149)
15. Ma W., Bisby M. A., Differential expression of galanin immunoreactivities in the primary sensory neurons following partial and complete sciatic nerve injuries. Neuroscience 1997 79 4 1183 1195 2-s2.0-0030741779 10.1016/S0306-4522(97)00088-2 (Pubitemid 27293768)
16. Nahin R. L., Ren K., De Leon M., Ruda M., Primary sensory neurons exhibited altered gene expression in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Pain 1994 58 1 95 108 2-s2.0-0028275237 10.1016/0304-3959(94)90189-9 (Pubitemid 24221823)
17. Perry M. J. M., Alteration to the levels of galanin in uninjured contralateral rat saphenous nerves after unilateral saphenous nerve section. Neuroscience Letters 1996 217 2-3 206 208 2-s2.0-0030592572 10.1016/0304- 3940(96)13096-2 (Pubitemid 26358839)
18. Post C., Alari L., Hokfelt T., Intrathecal galanin increases the latency in the tail-flick and hot-plate tests in mouse. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 1988 132 4 583 584 2-s2.0-0023876262
19. Cridland R. A., Henry J. L., Effect of intrathecal aldministration of neuropeptides on a spinal nociceptive reflex in the rat: VIP, galanin, CGRP, TRH, somatostatin and angiotensin II. Neuropeptides 1988 11 1 23 32 2-s2.0-0023818868 (Pubitemid 18036888)
20. Reeve A. J., Walker K., Urban L., Fox A., Excitatory effects of galanin in the spinal cord of intact, anaesthetized rats. Neuroscience Letters 2000 295 1-2 25 28 2-s2.0-0034569942 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01576-7
21. Kuraishi Y., Kawamura M., Yamaguchi T., Houtani T., Kawabata S., Futaki S., Fujii N., Satoh M., Intrathecal injections of galanin and its antiserum affect nociceptive response of rat to mechanical, but not thermal, stimuli. Pain 1991 44 3 321 324 2-s2.0-0025981539 10.1016/0304-3959(91)90103-5
22. Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Villar M. J., Hokfelt T., Intrathecal galanin at low doses increases spinal reflex excitability in rats more to thermal than mechanical stimuli. Experimental Brain Research 1988 71 3 663 666 2-s2.0-0023680818
23. Liu H. X., Brumovsky P., Schmidt R., Brown W., Payza K., Hodzic L., Pou C., Godbout C., Hökfelt T., Receptor subtype-specific pronociceptive and analgesic actions of galanin in the spinal cord: selective actions via Galr1 and Galr2 receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001 98 17 9960 9964 2-s2.0-0035859885 10.1073/pnas.161293598 (Pubitemid 32769410)
24. Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Xu X. J., Villar M. J., Hokfelt T., The effect of intrathecal galanin on the flexor reflex in rat: increased depression after sciatic nerve section. Neuroscience Letters 1989 105 1-2 149 154 2-s2.0-0024419533 (Pubitemid 19248990)
25. Yue H. Y., Fujita T., Kumamoto E., kumamote@cc.saga-u.ac.jp Biphasic modulation by galanin of excitatory synaptic transmission in substantia gelatinosa neurons of adult rat spinal cord slices. Journal of Neurophysiology 2011 105 5 2337 2349 10.1152/jn.00991.2010
26. Flatters S. J. L., Fox A. J., Dickenson A. H., Nerve injury induces plasticity that results in spinal inhibitory effects of galanin. Pain 2002 98 3 249 258 2-s2.0-0036070262 10.1016/S0304-3959(02)00180-X (Pubitemid 34786655)
27. Flatters S. J. L., Fox A. J., Dickenson A. H., In vivo and in vitro effects of peripheral galanin on nociceptive transmission in naive and neuropathic states. Neuroscience 2003 116 4 1005 1012 2-s2.0-0344284576 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00947-8 (Pubitemid 36262958)
28. Verge V. M. K., Xu X. J., Langel U., Hokfelt T., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Bartfai T., Evidence for endogenous inhibition of autotomy by galanin in the rat after sciatic nerve section: demonstrated by chronic intrathecal infusion of a high affinity galanin receptor antagonist. Neuroscience Letters 1993 149 2 193 197 2-s2.0-0027523944 10.1016/0304-3940(93)90769-H (Pubitemid 23036913)
29. Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Xu X. J., Langel U., Bedecs K., Hokfelt T., Bartfai T., Galanin-mediated control of pain: enhanced role after nerve injury. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1992 89 8 3334 3337 2-s2.0-0026522446
30. Xu S. L., Zhang Y. P., Lundeberg T., Yu L. C., Effects of galanin on wide-dynamic range neuron activity in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with sciatic nerve ligation. Regulatory Peptides 2000 95 1-3 19 23 2-s2.0-0034711588 10.1016/S0167-0115(00)00127-0
31. Yu L. C., Lundeberg S., An H., Wang F. X., Lundeberg T., Effects of intrathecal galanin on nociceptive responses in rats with mononeuropathy. Life Sciences 1999 64 13 1145 1153 2-s2.0-0033582815 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00043-0 (Pubitemid 29152032)
32. Liu H. X., Hökfelt T., Effect of intrathecal galanin and its putative antagonist M35 on pain behavior in a neuropathic pain model. Brain Research 2000 886 1-2 67 72 2-s2.0-0034672303 10.1016/S0006-8993(00)02791-8
33. Habert-Ortoli E., Amiranoff B., Loquet I., Laburthe M., Mayaux J. F., Molecular cloning of a functional human galanin receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994 91 21 9780 9783 2-s2.0-0027938954 10.1073/pnas.91.21.9780 (Pubitemid 24311891)
34. Smith K. E., Forray C., Walker M. W., Jones K. A., Tamm J. A., Bard J., Branchek T. A., Linemeyer D. L., Gerald C., Expression cloning of a rat hypothalamic galanin receptor coupled to phosphoinositide turnover. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1997 272 39 24612 24616 2-s2.0-0030869419 10.1074/jbc.272.39.24612 (Pubitemid 27418677)
35. + channels. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1998 273 36 23321 23326 2-s2.0-15144347806 10.1074/jbc.273.36.23321 (Pubitemid 28417519)
36. Zhang X., Ji R. R., Nilsson S., Villar M., Ubink R., Ju G., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Hokfelt T., Neuropeptide Y and galanin binding sites in rat and monkey lumbar dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and effect of peripheral axotomy. European Journal of Neuroscience 1995 7 3 367 380 2-s2.0-0028937091 10.1111/j.1460-9568.1995.tb00332.x
37. Lu X., Bartfai T., Analyzing the validity of GalR1 and GalR2 antibodies using knockout mice. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 2009 379 4 417 420 2-s2.0-60849113988 10.1007/s00210-009-0394-z
38. Brumovsky P., Mennicken F., O'Donnell D., Hökfelt T., Differential distribution and regulation of galanin receptors- 1 and -2 in the rat lumbar spinal cord. Brain Research 2006 1085 1 111 120 2-s2.0-33646568470 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.088 (Pubitemid 43728205)
39. O'Donnell D., Ahmad S., Wahlestedt C., Walker P., Expression of the novel galanin receptor subtype GALR2 in the adult rat CNS: distinct distribution from GALR1. Journal of Comparative Neurology 1999 409 3 469 481 2-s2.0-0033526920 (Pubitemid 29262256)
40. Landry M., Marc.Landry@u-bordeaux2.fr Bouali-Benazzouz R., André C., Shi T. J.S., Léger C., Nagy F., Hökfelt T., Galanin receptor 1 is expressed in a subpopulation of glutamatergic interneurons in the dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2006 499 3 391 403 10.1002/cne.21109 (Pubitemid 44571935)
41. Mennicken F., Hoffert C., Pelletier M., Ahmad S., O'Donnell D., Restricted distribution of galanin receptor 3 (GalR3) mRNA in the adult rat central nervous system. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 2002 24 4 257 268 2-s2.0-0036844585 10.1016/S0891-0618(02)00068-6 (Pubitemid 35291193)
42. Alier K. A., Chen Y., Sollenberg U. E., Langel Ü., Smith P. A., Selective stimulation of GalR1 and GalR2 in rat substantia gelatinosa reveals a cellular basis for the anti- and pro-nociceptive actions of galanin. Pain 2008 137 1 138 146 2-s2.0-44849115066 10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.030 (Pubitemid 351794404)
43. Sandkühler J., Models and mechanisms of hyperalgesia and allodynia. Physiological Reviews 2009 89 2 707 758 2-s2.0-67349202612 10.1152/physrev. 00025.2008
44. Grass S., Crawley J. N., Xu X. J., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Reduced spinal cord sensitization to C-fibre stimulation in mice over-expressing galanin. European Journal of Neuroscience 2003 17 9 1829 1832 2-s2.0-0038730675 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02623.x (Pubitemid 36645332)
45. Kerr B. J., Thompson S. W. N., Wynick D., McMahon S. B., Endogenous galanin is required for the full expression of central sensitization following peripheral nerve injury. NeuroReport 2001 12 15 3331 3334 2-s2.0-0035968901 (Pubitemid 33010667)
46. Colvin L. A., Duggan A. W., Primary afferent-evoked release of immunoreactive galanin in the spinal cord of the neuropathic rat. British Journal of Anaesthesia 1998 81 3 436 443 2-s2.0-0031697054 (Pubitemid 28416630)
47. Yang X., Liu Z., Wang L., Liu H., Wang H., Li Z., Exogenous galanin regulates capsaicin-evoked substance P release from primary cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons. Neuroendocrinology Letters 2008 29 6 911 916 2-s2.0-59849128672
48. Simmons D. R., Spike R. C., Todd A. J., Galanin is contained in GABAergic neurons in the rat spinal dorsal horn. Neuroscience Letters 1995 187 2 119 122 2-s2.0-0028968635 10.1016/0304-3940(95)11358-4
49. Tiong S. Y. X., s.tiong.1@research.gla.ac.uk Polgár E., Erika.Beresford-Polgar@glasgow.ac.uk van Kralingen J. C., 0706452V@student.gla. ac.uk Watanabe M., watamasa@med.hokudai.ac.jp Todd A. J., andrew.todd@glasgow. ac.uk Galanin-immunoreactivity identifies a distinct population of inhibitory interneurons in laminae I-III of the rat spinal cord. Molecular Pain 2011 7, article 36 10.1186/1744-8069-7-36
50. Dunham J. P., Kelly S., Donaldson L. F., Inflammation reduces mechanical thresholds in a population of transient receptor potential channel A1-expressing nociceptors in the rat. European Journal of Neuroscience 2008 27 12 3151 3160 2-s2.0-45349093688 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06256.x (Pubitemid 351847301)
51. Hulse R. P., Richard.Hulse@bristol.ac.uk Wynick D., D.Wynick@bristol.ac. uk Donaldson L. F., Lucy.Donaldson@bristol.ac.uk Activation of the galanin receptor 2 in the periphery reverses nerve injury-induced allodynia. Molecular Pain 2011 7, article 26 10.1186/1744-8069-7-26
52. Hulse R., Wynick D., Donaldson L. F., Intact cutaneous C fibre afferent properties in mechanical and cold neuropathic allodynia. European Journal of Pain 2010 14 6 565.e1 565.e10 2-s2.0-77950611960 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.10.001
53. Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Xu X. J., Crawley J. N., Hökfelt T., Galanin and spinal nociceptive mechanisms: recent results from transgenic and knock-out models. Neuropeptides 2005 39 3 207 210 2-s2.0-20444384795 10.1016/j.npep.2004. 12.017 (Pubitemid 40804586)
54. Malkmus S., Lu X., Bartfai T., Yaksh T. L., Hua X. Y., Increased hyperalgesia after tissue injury and faster recovery of allodynia after nerve injury in the GalR1 knockout mice. Neuropeptides 2005 39 3 217 221 2-s2.0-20444389069 10.1016/j.npep.2004.12.002 (Pubitemid 40804588)
55. Blakeman K. H., Hao J. X., Xu X. J., Jacoby A. S., Shine J., Crawley J. N., Iismaa T., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Hyperalgesia and increased neuropathic pain-like response in mice lacking galanin receptor 1 receptors. Neuroscience 2003 117 1 221 227 2-s2.0-0037451797 10.1016/S0306-4522(02)00779-0 (Pubitemid 36246519)
56. Liu H. X., Hökfelt T., The participation of galanin in pain processing at the spinal level. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 2002 23 10 468 474 2-s2.0-0036805672 10.1016/S0165-6147(02)02074-6 (Pubitemid 35279608)
57. 12 proteins. Oncogene 2000 19 37 4199 4209 2-s2.0-0034738958
58. Jimenez-Andrade J. M., Zhou S., Yamani A., Valencia De Ita S., Castañeda-Hernandez G., Carlton S. M., Mechanism by which peripheral galanin increases acute inflammatory pain. Brain Research 2005 1056 2 113 117 2-s2.0-27644495854 10.1016/j.brainres.2005.07.007 (Pubitemid 41557698)
59. Malin S. A., Molliver D. C., Gi- and Gq-coupled ADP (P2Y) receptors act in opposition to modulate nociceptive signaling and inflammatory pain behavior. Molecular Pain 2010 6, article no. 21 2-s2.0-77950838144 10.1186/1744-8069-6-21
60. Mazarati A., Lundstrom L., Sollenberg U., Shin D., Langel U., Sankar R., Regulation of kindling epileptogenesis by hippocampal galanin type 1 and type 2 receptors: the effects of subtype-selective agonists and the role of G-protein-mediated signaling. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 2006 318 2 700 708 2-s2.0-33745963016 10.1124/jpet.106.104703 (Pubitemid 44061245)
61. Teschemacher A. G., Seward E. P., Bidirectional modulation of exocytosis by angiotensin II involves multiple G-protein-regulated transduction pathways in chromaffin cells. Journal of Neuroscience 2000 20 13 4776 4785 2-s2.0-0034234488 (Pubitemid 30421681)
62. Colvin L. A., Mark M. A., Duggan A. W., The effect of a peripheral mononeuropathy on immunoreactive (ir)- galanin release in the spinal cord of the rat. Brain Research 1997 766 1-2 259 261 2-s2.0-0030886932 10.1016/S0006- 8993(97)00700-2 (Pubitemid 27431459)
63. Zhang X., Xu Z. Q., Shi T. J., Landry M., Holmberg K., Ju G., Tong Y. G., Bao L., Cheng X. P., Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z., Lozano A., Dostrovsky J., Hökfelt T., Regulation of expression of galanin and galanin receptors in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord after axotomy and inflammation. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1998 863 402 413 2-s2.0-0032430933 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10710.x (Pubitemid 29047790)
64. Sten Shi T. J., Zhang X., Holmberg K., Xu Z. Q. D., Hökfelt T., Expression and regulation of galanin-R2 receptors in rat primary sensory neurons: effect of axotomy and inflammation. Neuroscience Letters 1997 237 2-3 57 60 2-s2.0-0038110880 10.1016/S0304-3940(97)00805-7 (Pubitemid 28004955)
65. Melander T., Köhler C., Nilsson S., Hökfelt T., Brodin E., Theodorsson E., Bartfai T., Autoradiographic quantitation and anatomical mapping of 125I-galanin binding sites in the rat central nervous system. Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy 1988 1 4 213 233
66. Hobson S. A., Holmes F. E., Kerr N. C. H., Pope R. J. P., Wynick D., Mice deficient for galanin receptor 2 have decreased neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons and impaired pain-like behaviour. Journal of Neurochemistry 2006 99 3 1000 1010 2-s2.0-33750048437 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04143.x (Pubitemid 44583456)
67. Waters S. M., Krause J. E., Distribution of galanin-1, -2 and -3 receptor messenger RNAs in central and peripheral rat tissues. Neuroscience 1999 95 1 265 271 2-s2.0-0032703969 10.1016/S0306-4522(99)00407-8
68. Bauer J. W., Lang R., Jakab M., Kofler B., Galanin family of peptides in skin function. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 2008 65 12 1820 1825 2-s2.0-45849148478 10.1007/s00018-008-8156-5
69. Radtke C., Vogt P. M., Devor M., Kocsis J. D., Keratinocytes acting on injured afferents induce extreme neuronal hyperexcitability and chronic pain. Pain 2010 148 1 94 102 2-s2.0-72149088440 10.1016/j.pain.2009.10.014
70. Heppelmann B., Just S., Pawlak M., Galanin influences the mechanosensitivity of sensory endings in the rat knee joint. European Journal of Neuroscience 2000 12 5 1567 1572 2-s2.0-0034021405 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000. 00045.x (Pubitemid 30258865)
71. Lawrence J. M., Stebbing M. J., Galanin inhibits P/Q type voltage-gated calcium channels in rat nociceptive neurons. 164 Proceedings of the 13th World Congress on Pain August 2010 Montreal, Canada PM
72. Holmes F. E., Bacon A., Pope R. J. P., Vanderplank P. A., Kerr N. C. H., Sukumaran M., Pachnis V., Wynick D., Transgenic overexpression of galanin in the dorsal root ganglia modulates pain-related behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003 100 10 6180 6185 2-s2.0-0038284754 10.1073/pnas.0937087100 (Pubitemid 36576951)
73. Pope R. J. P., Holmes F. E., Kerr N. C., Wynick D., Characterisation of the nociceptive phenotype of suppressible galanin overexpressing transgenic mice. Molecular Pain 2010 6, article 67 2-s2.0-77958036444 10.1186/1744-8069-6- 67
74. Shi T. J. S., Hua X. Y., Lu X., Malkmus S., Kinney J., Holmberg K., Wirz S., Ceccatelli S., Yaksh T., Bartfai T., Hökfelt T., Sensory neuronal phenotype in galanin receptor 2 knockout mice: focus on dorsal root ganglion neurone development and pain behaviour. European Journal of Neuroscience 2006 23 3 627 636 2-s2.0-33644955831 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04593.x
75. Kerr B. J., Cafferty W. B. J., Gupta Y. K., Bacon A., Wynick D., McMahon S. B., Thompson S. W. N., Galanin knockout mice reveal nociceptive deficits following peripheral nerve injury. European Journal of Neuroscience 2000 12 3 793 802 2-s2.0-0034024262 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00967.x (Pubitemid 30168756)
76. Chen X., Levine J. D., Mechanically-evoked C-fiber activity in painful alcohol and AIDS therapy neuropathy in the rat. Molecular Pain 2007 3, article 5 2-s2.0-33947106115 10.1186/1744-8069-3-5 (Pubitemid 46404043)
77. Djouhri L., Koutsikou S., Fang X., McMullan S., Lawson S. N., Spontaneous pain, both neuropathic and inflammatory, is related to frequency of spontaneous firing in intact C-fiber nociceptors. Journal of Neuroscience 2006 26 4 1281 1292 2-s2.0-32644440589 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3388-05.2006 (Pubitemid 43239574)
78. Chen X., Levine J. D., Mechanically-evoked C-fiber activity in painful alcohol and AIDS therapy neuropathy in the rat. Molecular Pain 2007 3, article 5 2-s2.0-33947106115 10.1186/1744-8069-3-5 (Pubitemid 46404043)
79. Serra J., Solà R., Quiles C., Casanova-Molla J., Pascual V., Bostock H., Valls-Solé J., C-nociceptors sensitized to cold in a patient with small-fiber neuropathy and cold allodynia. Pain 2009 147 1-3 46 53 2-s2.0-70449631523 10.1016/j.pain.2009.07.028
80. Ochoa J. L., Campero M., Serra J., Bostock H., Hyperexcitable polymodal and insensitive nociceptors in painful human neuropathy. Muscle and Nerve 2005 32 4 459 472 2-s2.0-24344472656 10.1002/mus.20367 (Pubitemid 41395979)
81. Xu Z. Q., Shi T. J., Landry M., Hökfelt T., Evidence for galanin receptors in primary sensory neurones and effect of axotomy and inflammation. NeuroReport 1996 8 1 237 242 2-s2.0-0030945413 (Pubitemid 126785566)
82. Hobson S. A., Holmes F. E., Kerr N. C. H., Pope R. J. P., Wynick D., Mice deficient for galanin receptor 2 have decreased neurite outgrowth from adult sensory neurons and impaired pain-like behaviour. Journal of Neurochemistry 2006 99 3 1000 1010 2-s2.0-33750048437 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.04143.x (Pubitemid 44583456)