An Empirical Investigation of Social Bonds and Juvenile Delinquency in Hong Kong

Child and Youth Care Forum

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 371-386

  Chui, Wing Hong ^a   Chan, Heng Choon Oliver ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA   (United States)

Author keywords

Adolescent; Delinquency; Gender; Hong Kong Chinese; Social bond; Social control theory

Indexed keywords

EID: 84864302202     PISSN: 10531890     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10566-012-9172-z     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Agnew, R. (1991a). A longitudinal test of social control theory and delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 28, 126-156.
2. Agnew, R. (1991b). The interactive effects of peer variables on delinquency. Criminology, 29, 47-72.
3. Alarid, L. F., Burton, V. S., Jr, & Cullen, F. T. (2000). Gender and crime among felony offenders: Assessing the generality of social control and differential association theories. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 37(2), 171-199.
4. Anderson, B. J., Holmes, M. D., & Ostresh, E. (1999). Male and female delinquents' attachments and effects of attachments on severity of self-reported delinquency. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 26(4), 435-452.
5. Begg, D. J., Langley, J. D., Moffitt, T. E., & Marshall, S. W. (1996). Sports and delinquency: An examination of the deterrence hypothesis in a longitudinal study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 30, 335-341.
6. Berrero, M. (2001). The widening mistrust between youth and police. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Human Services, 82(4), 399-408.
7. Blair, S. L., & Qian, Z. (1998). Family and Asian students' educational performance: A consideration of diversity. Journal of Family Issues, 19, 355-374.
8. Booth, J. A., Farrell, A., & Varano, S. P. (2008). Social control, serious delinquency, and risky behavior: A gendered analysis. Crime and Delinquency, 54(3), 423-456.
9. Canter, R. J. (1982). Family correlates of male and female delinquency. Criminology, 20, 149-167.
10. Cernkovich, S. A., & Giordano, P. C. (1992). School bonding, race, and delinquency. Criminology, 30, 261-291.
11. Cernkovich, S. A., Giordano, P. C., & Pugh, M. D. (1985). Chronic offenders: The missing cases in self-report delinquency research. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 76, 705-732.
12. Chan, H. C., & Heide, K. M. (2009). Sexual homicide: A synthesis of the literature. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 10(1), 31-54.
13. Chan, H. C., Heide, K. M., & Beauregard, E. (2011). What propels sexual murderers: A proposed integrated theory of social learning and routine activities theories. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(2), 228-250.
14. Chao, R. (1994). Beyond parental control and authoritarian parenting style: Understanding Chinese parenting through the cultural notion of training. Child Development, 65, 1111-1119.
15. Chapple, C. L., McQuillan, J. A., & Berdahl, T. A. (2005). Gender, social bonds, and delinquency: A comparison of boys' and girls' models. Social Science Research, 34, 357-383.
16. Chesney-Lind, M. (1997). The female offender: Girls, women, and crime. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
17. Chesney-Lind, M., & Shelden, R. G. (2004). Girls, delinquency, and juvenile justice. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
18. Chui, W. H., & Chan, H. C. (2011a). Social bonds and male juvenile delinquency while on probation: An exploratory test in Hong Kong. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2329-2334.
19. Chui, W. H., & Chan, H. C. (2011b). Criminal recidivism among Hong Kong male juvenile probationers. Journal of Child and Family Studies,. doi: 10. 1007/s10826-011-9546-0.
20. Chui, W. H., & Ip, L. R. (2005). Policing in a multicultural society: A Queensland case study. Police Practice and Research, 6(3), 279-293.
21. Church, W. T., I. I., Wharton, T., & Taylor, J. K. (2009). An examination of differential association and social control theory: Family systems and delinquency. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7(1), 3-15.
22. Cronbach, L. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297-334.
23. De Li, S. (1999). Social control, delinquency, and youth status development: A development approach. Sociological Perspectives, 42, 305-324.
24. De Li, S., & MacKenzie, D. L. (2003). The gendered effects of adult social bonds on the criminal activities of probationers. Criminal Justice Review, 28(2), 278-298.
25. Dukes, L. R., & Stein, A. J. (2001). Effects of assets and deficits on the social control of at- risks behavior among youth: A structural equations approach. Youth and Society, 32, 337-359.
26. Erikson, K. G., Crosnoe, R., & Dornbusch, S. M. (2000). A social process model of adolescent deviance: Combining social control and differential association perspectives. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 29, 395-425.
27. Farrington, D. P. (1986). Age and crime. In M. Tonry & N. Morris (Eds.), Crime and justice: An annual review of research. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
28. Ford, A. J. (2005). Substance use, the social bond, and delinquency. Sociological Inquiry, 75, 109-128.
29. Friedman, J., & Rosenbaum, D. P. (1988). Social control theory: The salience of components by age, gender, and type of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 4, 363-381.
30. Garbarino, J. (2006). See Jane hit: Why girls are growing more violent and what can be done about it. New York: Penguin.
31. Hagan, J., Gillis, A. R., & Simpson, J. (1987). Class in the household: A power-control theory of delinquency. American Journal of Sociology, 92, 788-816.
32. Hagan, J., Hewitt, J. D., & Alwin, D. F. (1979). Ceremonial justice: Crime and punishment in a loosely coupled system. Social Forces, 58(2), 506-527.
33. Hartjen, A. C., & Kethineni, S. (1999). Exploring the etiology of delinquency across country and gender. Journal of Crime and Justice, 22, 55-90.
34. Hartjen, A. C., & Priyadarsini, S. (2003). Gender, peers, and delinquency: A study of boys and girls in rural France. Youth and Society, 34, 387-414.
35. Heimer, K. (1996). Gender, interaction, and delinquency: Testing a theory of differential social control. Social Psychology Quarterly, 59, 39-61.
36. Heimer, K., & De Coster, S. (1999). The gendering of violent delinquency. Criminology, 37(2), 277-317.
37. Hindelang, M. J., Hirschi, T., & Weis, J. (1981). Measuring delinquency. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
38. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of delinquency. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
39. Hong Kong Census and Statistics Department. (2010). Hong Kong annual digest of statistics. Hong Kong: Census and Statistics Department.
40. Hong Kong Police Force. (2011). Hong Kong crime statistics. Available online: http://www. police. gov. hk/.
41. Huebner, A. J., & Betts, S. C. (2002). Exploring the utility of social control theory for youth development. Youth and Society, 34, 123-145.
42. Jang, S. J. (2002). The effects of family, school, peers, and attitudes on adolescents' drug use: Do they vary with age? Justice Quarterly, 19(1), 97-126.
43. Jenkins, P. H. (1997). School delinquency and the school social bond. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 34, 337-367.
44. Laundra, K. H., Kiger, G., & Bahr, S. J. (2002). A social development model of serious delinquency: Examining gender differences. Journal of Primary Prevention, 22, 389-407.
45. LeBlanc, M., Vallieres, E., & McDuff, P. (1993). The prediction of males' adolescent and adult offending from school experience. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 35, 459-478.
46. Liu, X., & Kaplan, H. B. (1999). Explaining the gender difference in adolescent delinquent behavior: A longitudinal test of mediating mechanisms. Criminology, 37, 195-215.
47. Lovell, R., & Norris, M. (1990). One in four: Offending from age ten to twenty-four in a cohort of New Zealand males. Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Social Welfare.
48. Mason, W. A., & Windle, M. (2002). Gender, self-control, and informal social control in adolescence: A test of three models of the continuity of delinquent behavior. Youth and Society, 33, 479-514.
49. McCarthy, B., Hagan, J., & Woodward, T. S. (1999). In the company of women: Structure and agency in a revised power-control theory of gender and delinquency. Criminology, 37, 761-788.
50. Miller, M. H., Esbensen, F., & Freng, A. (1999). Parental attachment, parental supervision, and adolescent deviance in intact and non-intact families. Journal of Crime and Justice, 22, 1-29.
51. Moffitt, T. E., Lynam, D. R., & Silva, P. A. (1994). Neuropsychological tests predicting persistent male delinquency. Criminology, 32(2), 277-300.
52. Naffine, N. (1996). Feminism and criminology. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
53. Nunnally, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
54. Ogle, R. S., Maier-Katkin, D., & Bernard, T. J. (1995). A theory of homicidal behavior among women. Criminology, 33, 173-193.
55. Osgood, D. W., Wilson, J. K., O'Malley, P. M., Bachman, J. G., & Johnston, L. D. (1996). Routine activities and individual deviant behavior. American Sociological Review, 61, 635-655.
56. Özbay, Ö., & Özcan, Y. Z. (2006). A test of Hirschi's social bonding theory: Juvenile delinquency in the high school of Ankara, Turkey. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 50(6), 711-726.
57. Özbay, Ö., & Özcan, Y. Z. (2008). A test of Hirschi's social bonding theory: A comparison of male and female delinquency. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(2), 134-157.
58. Pabon, E., Rodriguez, O., & Gurin, G. (1992). Clarifying peer relations and delinquency. Youth and Society, 24, 149-165.
59. Paternoster, R., Brame, R., Mazerolle, P., & Piquero, A. (1998). Using the correct statistical test for the equality of regression coefficients. Criminology, 36(4), 859-866.
60. Rosenbaum, J. L. (1987). Social control, gender, and delinquency: An analysis of drug, property, and violent offenders. Justice Quarterly, 4, 117-132.
61. Rosenbaum, J. L., & Lasley, J. R. (1990). School, community context, and delinquency: Rethinking the gender gap. Justice Quarterly, 7, 493-513.
62. Shechory, M., & Laufer, A. (2008). Social control theory and the connection with ideological offenders among Israeli youth during the Gaza Disengagement Period. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(4), 454-473.
63. Smith, D. A., & Paternoster, R. (1987). The gender gap in theories of deviance: Issues and evidence. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 24, 140-172.
64. Steffensmeier, D., & Allan, E. (1996). Gender and crime: Toward a gendered theory of female offending. Annual Review of Sociology, 22, 459-487.
65. Thorne, B. (1994). Gender at play: Girls and boys in school. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
66. Wang, T. G., Qiao, H., Hong, S., & Zhang, J. (2002). Adolescent social bond, self-control, and deviant behavior in China. International Journal of Contemporary Sociology, 39, 52-68.
67. Wright, J. P., Cullen, F. T., & Miller, J. T. (2001). Family social capital and delinquent involvement. Journal of Criminal Justice, 29, 1-9.
68. Youniss, J., Yates, M., & Su, Y. (1997). Social integration, community service and marijuana use in high school seniors. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12(2), 245-263.
69. Zhang, L., & Messner, S. F. (1999). Bonds to the work unit and official offense status in urban China. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 43(3), 375-399.