Promising synergies to address water, sequestration, legal, and public acceptance issues associated with large-scale implementation of CO 2 sequestration

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 569-599

  Court, Benjamin ^a   Elliot, Thomas R ^a   Dammel, Joseph ^b   Buscheck, Thomas A ^c   Rohmer, Jeremy ^d   Celia, Michael A ^a  

^a Princeton University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

^c LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^d BRGM   (France)

Author keywords

Area of review; Brine production; CO2 capture and sequestration; Implementation barriers; Legal and regulatory; Pore space competition; Pressure management; Public acceptance; Risk mitigation; Synergies; Water management

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON SEQUESTRATION; COOLING; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS; MAGNITUDE; RISK FACTOR; STABILIZATION; WATER MANAGEMENT;

EID: 84864286312     PISSN: 13812386     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11027-011-9314-x     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. Aines R, Bourcier W (2009) Decarb/Desal: separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas with simultaneous fresh water production, United States
2. Aines RD, Wolery TJ (2010) from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Personal Communication
3. Aines RD, Wolery TJ, Hao Y, Bourcier WL (2009) Fresh water generation from aquifer-pressured carbon storage: Interim Progress Report2009, United States
4. Aines RD, Wolery TJ, Bourcier WL, Wolfe T, Haussmann CW (2011) Fresh water generation from aquiferpressured carbon storage: feasibility of treating saline formatiom waters. Energy Procedia 4:2269-2276
5. Akervoll I, Lindeberg E, Lackner A (2009) Feasibility of reproduction of stored CO2 from the Utsira formation at the Sleipner gas field. Energy Procedia 1(1):2557-2564
6. Amirault PM (2005) Industry leader's discuss future gas storage trends. Pipeline and Gas Journal 232(6):26-37
7. Andreani M, Gouze P, Luquot L, Jouanna P (2008) Changes in seal capacity of fractured claystone caprocks induced by dissolved and gaseous CO2 seepage. Geophys Res Lett 35(14):L14404
8. 2 leakage from deep geologic storage. Springer, Netherlands
9. Ashworth P, Boughen N, Mayhew M, Millar F (2010) From research to action: now we have to move on CCS communication. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2):426-433
10. Bachu S (2008) Legal and regulatory challenges in the implementation of CO2 geological storage: an Alberta and Canadian perspective. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 2(2):259-273
11. Bachu S, Bennion DB (2009) Experimental assessment of brine and/or CO2 leakage through well cements at reservoir conditions. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(4):494-501
12. 2 injection. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control
13. Bergmo PES, Grimstad A, Lindeberg E (2011) Simultaneous CO2 injection and water production to optimise aquifer storage capacity. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 5(3):555-564
14. Birkholzer JT, Zhou Q (2009) Basin-scale hydrogeologic impacts of CO2 storage: capacity and regulatory implications. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(6):745-756
15. Birkholzer JT, Zhou Q, Tsang C (2009) Large-scale impact of CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers: a sensitivity study on pressure response in stratified systems. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(2):181-194
16. Birkholzer JT, Nicot JP, Oldenburg CM, Zhou Q, Kraemer S, Bandilla K (2011) Brine flow up a well caused by pressure perturbation from geologic carbon sequestration: Static and dynamic evaluations. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control, Corrected Proof
17. Bourcier W, Burton E, Newmark R (2007) New materials and separations science for sustainable water presented at First Western Forum on Energy and Water Sustainability, University of California, Santa Barbara, March 22-23, 2007
18. Bourcier WL, Wolery TJ, Wolfe T, Haussman C, Buscheck TA, Aines RD (2011) A preliminary cost and engineering estimate for desalinating produced formation water associated with carbon dioxide capture and storage. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control (in press)
19. Bristow AL, Wardman M, Zanni AM, Chintakayala PK (2010) Public acceptability of personal carbon trading and carbon tax. Ecol Econ 69(9):1824-1837
20. Buscheck T (2010) Active management of integrated geothermal-CO2-storage reservoirs in sedimentary formations: an approach to improve energy recovery and mitigate risk, DE-FOA-0000336
21. 2 storage in saline formations: implications for pressure management, capacity, and risk mitigation. Energy Procedia 4:4283-4290
22. California Energy Commission (2010) Performance, cost, and environmental effects of saltwater cooling towers, PIER Final Project Report, prepared for California Energy Commission, CEC-500-2008-043 available at http://www.energy.ca.gov/2008publications/CEC-500-2008-043/CEC-500-2008-043.PDF
23. Calvin K, Edmonds J, Bond-Lamberty B, Clarke L, Kim SH, Kyle P, Smith SJ, Thomson A, Wise M (2009) 2.6: Limiting climate change to 450 ppm CO2 equivalent in the 21st century. Energy Economics 31 (Supplement 2):S107-S120
24. Carbon Sequestration Working Group (2009) Report and Recommendations of the Carbon Sequestration Working Group to the Joint Minerals, Business and Economic Development Committee and Joint Judicial Committee of the Wyoming State Legislature, Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality
25. Carey JW, Lichtner PC (2009) Computational studies of two-phase cement-CO2-brine interaction in wellbore environments. SPE International Conference on CO2 Capture, Storage, and Utilization, 2-4 November 2009, San Diego, California, USA
26. Carey JW, Wigand M, Chipera SJ, WoldeGabriel G, Pawar R, Lichtner PC, Wehner SC, Raines MA, Guthrie J, George D (2007) Analysis and performance of oil well cement with 30 years of CO2 exposure from the SACROC Unit, West Texas, USA. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 1(1):75-85
27. CCSReg Project (2009) Policy brief: governing access to and use of pore space for deep geologic sequestration. Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh
28. Celia MA, Nordbotten JM (2011) How simple can we make models for CO2 injection, migration and leakage? Energy Procedia 4:3857-3864
29. Celia M, Nordbotten J, Court B, Dobossy M, Bach S (2011) Field-scale application of a semi-analytical model for estimation of CO2 and brine leakage along old wells. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 5(2):257-269
30. 2 storage reservoirs. Energy Procedia 1(1):2405-2412
31. Chadwick A (2009) Monitoring challenges for CO2 storage. Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-14104, 2009. EGU General Assembly
32. Ciferno JP, Munson RK, Murphy JT, Lash BS, (2010) Determining carbon capture and sequestration's water demands. Power Magazine
33. Class H, Ebigbo A, Helmig R, Dahle H, Nordbotten J, Celia M, Audigane P, Darcis M, Ennis-King J, Fan Y, Flemisch B, Gasda S, Jin M, Krug S, Labregere D, Naderi Beni A, Pawar R, Sbai A, Thomas S, Trenty L, Wei L (2009) A benchmark study on problems related to CO2 storage in geologic formations. Comput Geosci 13 (4):409-434
34. Court B (2011) Safety and water challenges in CCS: modeling studies to quantify CO2 and brine leakage risk and evaluate promising synergies for active and integrated water management. Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University. Available at http://dspace.princeton.edu/jspui/handle/88435/dsp01ms35t861f
35. Court B, Celia MA, Nordbotten JM, Elliot TR (2011a) Active and integrated management of water resources throughout CO2 capture and sequestration operations. Energy Procedia 4:4221-4229
36. Court B, Bandilla KW, Celia MA, Buscheck T, Janzen A, Nordbotten JM, Dobossy M, (2011b), Initial evaluation of advantageous synergies associated with simultaneous brine production and CO2 geological sequestration, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, in review
37. Crow W, Carey JW, Gasda SE, Williams DB, Celia MA (2010) Wellbore integrity analysis of a natural CO2 producer. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2):186-197
38. Damen K, Faaij A, Turkenburg W (2009) Pathways towards large-scale implementation of CO2 capture and storage: a case study for the Netherlands. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(2):217-236
39. Davidson CL, Dooley JJ, Dahowski RT (2009) Assessing the impacts of future demand for saline groundwater on commercial deployment of CCS in the United States. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies 9, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-9), 16-20 November 2008, Washington DC, USA, 1(1):1949-1956
40. Davis TL (2010) Personal communication with Professor Thomas Davis (RCP Director at the Colorado school of mine)
41. Davis SJ, Caldeira K (2010) Consumption-based accounting of CO2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107 (12):5687-5692
42. Davis SJ, Caldeira K, Matthews HD (2010) Future CO2 emissions and climate change from existing energy infrastructure. Science 329(5997):1330-1333
43. de Best-Waldhober M, Daamen D, Faaij A (2009) Informed and uninformed public opinions on CO2 capture and storage technologies in the Netherlands. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(3):322-332
44. de Coninck H (2010) Advocacy for carbon capture and storage could arouse distrust. Nature 463(7279): 293-293
45. de Coninck H, Anderson J, Curnow P, Flach T, Flagstad O, Groenenberg H, Norton C, Reiner D, Shackley S (2006) Acceptability of CO2 capture and storage - a review of legal, regulatory, economic and societal aspects of CO2 capture and storage. Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
46. Deremble L, Loizzo M, Huet B, Lecampion B, Quesada D (2010) Stability of a leakage pathway in a cemented annulus. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
47. Detwiler RL (2010) Permeability alteration due to mineral dissolution in partially saturated fractures. J Geophys Res 115:B09210
48. Dixon T, Matsuoka T, Dodds K (2009) Conclusions: key learning for other networks and summing-up including topics for next meeting: 5th Meeting of the Monitoring Network
49. DNV (2010) Qualification procedures for CO2 capture technology. (Recommended Practice DNV- RP-J201, April 2010)
50. DOE/NETL (2007) Cost and performance comparison baseline for fossil energy power plants
51. DOE/NETL (2008) Estimating freshwater needs to meet future thermoelectric generation requirements, Pittsburgh, PA
52. DOE/NETL (2009) Estimating freshwater needs to meet future thermoelectric generation requirements, 2009 update
53. Dooley JJ, Davidson CL (2010) A Brief Technical Critique of Ehlig- Economides and Economides 2010: Sequestering Carbon Dioxide in a Closed Underground Volume. United States Department of Energy
54. Duguid A, Scherer GW (2010) Degradation of oilwell cement due to exposure to carbonated brine. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(3):546-560
55. Duguid A, Butsch R, Loizzo M, Stamp V (2010) Collection of baseline wellbore cement data in multiple wells in the same field. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
56. Duke D (2007) ZLD: New silica based inhibitor chemistry permits cost effective water conservation for HVAC and industrial cooling towers. IWC Report 07-11, Proceedings for the 69th Annual International Water Conference, October 26-29, 2008, San Antonio, Texas.available at http://www.water-cti.com/pdf/IWC_07-11_Report.pdf
57. 2 leakage through an abandoned well: problem-oriented benchmarks. Comput Geosci 11(2):103-115
58. Ehlig-Economides C, Economides MJ (2010) Sequestering carbon dioxide in a closed underground volume. J Pet Sci Eng 70(1-2):118-125
59. Environmental Financial Advisory Board (2010) Financial Assurance for Underground Carbon Sequestration Facilities, Environmental Protection Agency
60. Esposito A, Benson SM (2010) Remediation of possible leakage from geologic CO2 storage reservoirs into groundwater aquifers. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
61. European Parliament (2009) Directive 2009/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 april 2009 on the geological storage, available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:140:0114:0135:EN:PDF
62. Fang C (2009) Study on water-saving methods and countermeasures of developing coal chemical industry in arid area
63. Federal Register (2010) Federal requirements under the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for Carbon Dioxide (Finalized and Published rule). (75 FR 77230 (2010)) available at http://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2010/12/10/2010-29954/federal-requirements-under-the-underground-injection-control-uicprogram-for-carbon-dioxide-co2#h-34
64. Feeley TJ, Skone TJ, Stiegel GJ, McNemar A, Nemeth M, Schimmoller B, Murphy JT, Manfredo L (2008) Water: a critical resource in the thermoelectric power industry. Energy 33(1):1-11
65. Fish JR, Wood TR (2008) Geologic carbon sequestration: property rights and regulation. Proceedings of the Rocky Mountain Mineral Law Fifty-Fourth Annual Institute
66. Flett M (2008) Gorgon project: subsurface evaluation of carbon dioxide dsposal under Barrow Island
67. Flynn D, Marriott SMM (2009) Carbon sequestration: a liability pathway to commercial viability. Nat Resour Environ 24:37
68. Frickel S, Gibbon S, Howard J, Kempner J, Ottinger G, Hess D (2010) Undone science: charting socialmovement and civil society challenges to research agenda setting. Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA, ETATS-UNIS
69. Friedmann SJ (2009) Emerging technical challenges of 5-million-ton/yr injections
70. GAO (2009) Energy-water nexus: improvements to federal water use data would increase understanding of trends in power plant water use, United States
71. Gee D, Stirling A (2003) Late Lessons from Early Warnings: Improving Science and Governance Under Uncertainty and Ignorance. In: Tickner JA (ed) Precaution, environmental science, and preventive public policy. Island Press, Washington, D.C, p 195
72. Gerard D, Wilson EJ (2009) Environmental bonds and the challenge of long-term carbon sequestration. J Environ Manag 90:1097-1105, 1097
73. Gherardi F, Xu T, Pruess K (2007) Numerical modeling of self-limiting and self-enhancing caprock alteration induced by CO2 storage in a depleted gas reservoir. Chem Geol 244(1-2):103-129
74. Global CCS Institute (2010) CCS Ready - Issues brief 2010 no. 1. available at http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/downloads/general/2010/GCCSI_Issues_Paper_10.01_CCS_Ready.pdf
75. Goldstein NC (2008) The energy-water nexus and information exchange: challenges and opportunities. Int J Water 4(1-2):5-24
76. Grahame S (2011) ETI Storage Project, presented at SPE Applied Technology Workshop: Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS): Environment, Energy Security and Opportunities for the Middle East 7-9 March 2011 Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.
77. Guggenheim D (2006) An inconvenient truth: the planetary emergence of global warming and what we can do about it. Rodale, New York
78. Harto CB, Veil JA (2011) Mar 11, Management of water extracted from carbon sequestration projects. Argonne National Laboratory Technical Report OSTI ID: 1009368 available at http://www.osti.gov/bridge/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=1009368
79. Haszeldine S (2010) Geology of carbon dioxide storage compared to enhanced geothermal systems. GFZ Potsdam 10 11 Feb 2010
80. Herzog HJ (2011) Scaling up carbon dioxide capture and storage: from megatons to gigatons. Energy Econ 33 (4):597-604
81. Hoffler F, Kubler M (2007) Demand for storage of natural gas in northwestern Europe: trends 2005-30. Energy Policy 35(10):5206-5219
82. Huenges E, Kuhn M (2010) Geothermal energy provision and/or CO2 storage using deep saline aquifers - lessons learnt from operational in situ laboratories. GFZ Potsdam 10 11 Feb 2010
83. Huet BM, Prevost JH, Scherer GW (2010) Quantitative reactive transport modeling of Portland cement in CO2-saturated water. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(3):561-574
84. Iding M, Ringrose P (2010) Evaluating the impact of fractures on the performance of the In Salah CO2 storage site. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2):242-248
85. IEA (2009a) How the energy sector can deliver on a climate agreement in Copenhagen - special eraly excerpt of the world energy outlook 2009 for the Bangkok UNFCCC meeting
86. IEA (2009b) Technology roadmaps - carbon capture and storage
87. IEA (2010)World Energy Outlook 2010 Executive Summaries. available at http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/
88. IEA/CSLF (2010) Carbon capture and storage: progress and next steps IEA/CSLF Report to the Muskoka 2010 G8 Summit
89. IEA-GHG (2007) Remediation of leakage from CO2 storage reservoirs. IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, 2007/11, September 2007
90. International Energy Agency (2007) Legal aspects of storing CO2: update and recommendations
91. International Energy Agency (2010) Carbon capture and storage: legal and regulatory review, 1st edn. Paris, France
92. International Panel Review (2010) Report of the International Panel set up by the University of East Anglia to examine the research of the Climatic Research Unit. East Anglica University, [Online] Interagency Task Force on Carbon Capture and Storage August 12 2010 Report
93. IPCC (2005) IPCC Special report on carbon dioxide capture and storage. Cambridge University Press
94. Janzen A (2010) Development and application of a multi-scale, multi-layer numerical model for CO2 injection. Master Thesis available at http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/dsp01np193917f
95. Johnson N, Ogden J (2011) Detailed spatial modeling of carbon capture and storage (CCS) infrastructure deployment in the southwestern United States. Energy Procedia 4:2693-2699
96. Kaszuba JP, Janecky DR, Snow MG (2005) Experimental evaluation of mixed fluid reactions between supercritical carbon dioxide and NaCl brine: relevance to the integrity of a geologic carbon repository. Chem Geol 217(3-4):277-293
97. 2 on shallow groundwater chemistry: observations at a natural analog site and implications for carbon sequestration. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
98. Kelly RT (2009) The competition for UK pore space: natural gas storage versus CCS. presented at IQPC CCS&Transport Summit, London 2009
99. Kerr T, Havercroft I, Dixon T (2009) Legal and regulatory developments associated with carbon dioxide capture and storage: a global update. GHGT-9
100. Kharaka YK (2009) Reactive transport modeling to study changes in water chemistry induced by CO2 injection at the Frio-I brine pilot. Chemical Geology, no. LBNL-3056E
101. Kharaka YK, Cole DR, Hovorka SD, Gunter WD, Knauss KG, Freifeld BM (2006) Gas-water-rock interactions in Frio Formation following CO2 injection: implications for the storage of greenhouse gases in sedimentary basins. Geology 34(7):577-580
102. Kharecha PA, Hansen JE (2008) Implications of "peak oil" for atmospheric CO2 and climate. Global Biogeochem Cy 22(3):GB3012
103. Klass AB, Wilson EJ (2008) Climate change and carbon sequestration: assessing a liability regime for longterm storage of carbon dioxide. Emory LJ 58(1):103
104. Klass AB, Wilson EJ (2010) Climate change, carbon sequestration, and property rights. U Ill Law Rev 2010 (2):363
105. Kobos P, Aragon MJ, Krumhansl J, Borns D, Hightower M, McNemar A (2008a) Study of the use of saline aquifers for combined thermoelectric power plant water needs and carbon sequestration at a regionalscale: phase I report
106. Kobos P, Cappelle M, Krumhansl J, Dewers T, Borns D, Brady P, McNemar A (2008b) Using saline aquifers for combined power plant water needs and carbon sequestration
107. Krey V, Riahi K (2009) Implications of delayed participation and technology failure for the feasibility, costs, and likelihood of staying below temperature targets-Greenhouse gas mitigation scenarios for the 21st century. Energ Econ 31(Supplement 2):S94-S106
108. Kuby M, Bielicki J, Middleton R (2011) Optimal spatial deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage given a price on carbon dioxide. International Regional Science Review Special Issue for ISOLDE XI available at http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/19211/optimal_spatial_deployment_of_carbon_dioxide_capture_and_storage_given_a_price_on_carbon_dioxide.html
109. Kuijper MI (2011) Public acceptance challenges for onshore CO2 storage in Barendrecht. Energy Procedia 4:6226-6233
110. Lackner K, Brennan S (2009) Envisioning carbon capture and storage: expanded possibilities due to air capture, leakage insurance, and C-14 monitoring. Springer, Netherlands
111. Le Fevre C (2005) Outlook for gas storage in Europe. Petrol Rev 59(703):15-16+45
112. Le Guen Y, Huot M, Loizzo M, Poupard O (2010) Well integrity risk assessment of Ketzin Injection Well (ktzi-201) over a prolonged sequestration period. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
113. Le Guénan T, Rohmer J (2011) Corrective measures based on pressure control strategies for CO2 geological storage in deep aquifers. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 5(3):571-578
114. Leiserowitz A, Maibach EW, Roser-Renouf C, Smith N, Dawson E (2010) Climategate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust, July 2, 2010
115. Lewicki J, Birkholzer J, Tsang C (2007) Natural and industrial analogues for leakage of CO2 from storage reservoirs: identification of features, events, and processes and lessons learned. Environ Geol 52(3):457-467
116. Lindeberg E (2009) Determination of the CO2 storage capacity of the Utsira formation. Energy Procedia 1 (1):2777-2784
117. Litynski J, Plasynski S, Spangler L, Finley R, Steadman E, Ball D, Nemeth KJ, McPherson B, Myer L (2009) U.S. Department of Energy's Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Program: Overview. Energy Procedia 1(1):3959
118. Loizzo M (2009) CO2 storage wells challenges and solutions. 3 rd International Symposium on Capture and Geological Storage of CO2 Paris available at http://www.colloqueco2.com/presentations2009/Session3/Matteo_Loizzo.pdf
119. Loizzo M, Lombardi S, Deremble L, Lecampion B, Quesada D, Huet B, Khalfallah I, Annunziatellis A, Picard G (2010) Monitoring CO2 migration in an injection well: evidence from MovECBM. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
120. Lu J, Partin J, Hovorka S, Wong C (2010) Potential risks to freshwater resources as a result of leakage from CO2 geological storage: a batch-reaction experiment. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg
121. Mace MJ, Hendriks C, Coenraads R (2007) Regulatory challenges to the implementation of carbon capture and geological storage within the European Union under EU and international law. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 1(2):253-260
122. Majer EL, Baria R, Stark M, Oates S, Bommer J, Smith B, Asanuma H (2007) Induced seismicity associated with enhanced geothermal systems. Geothermics 36(3):185-222
123. Manceau JC, Réveillère A, Rohmer J (2010) Forcing gaseous CO2 trapping as a corrective technique in the case of abnormal behavior of a deep saline aquifer storage. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
124. Matteo EN, Scherer GW, Huet B, Pel L (2010) Understanding boundary condition effects on the corrosion kinetics of class H well cement. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam, in preparation
125. Matteo EN, Scherer GW (2011) Boundary condition effects on the acid degradation kinetics of class H Portland Cement
126. McKinsey & Company (2009) Charter our water future
127. McLeod NJ, Kelly RT (2007) Identifying and filling Western Europe's natural-gas storage needs for the next decade 4:2504-2522
128. Melzer LS, Davis TL (2010) A pragmatic look at carbon capture and storage: from global issues to the technical details. First Break Special Topic January 2010, 28(1)
129. METI (Ministry of Economy Trade and Industryof Japan) (2007) Building confidence in geological storage of carbon dioxide
130. Michael K, Arnot M, Cook P, Ennis-King J, Funnell R, Kaldi J, Kirste D, Paterson L (2009) CO2 storage in saline aquifers I-Current state of scientific knowledge. Energy Procedia 1(1):3197-3204
131. Michael K, Golab A, Shulakova V, Ennis-King J, Allinson G, Sharma S, Aiken T (2010) Geological storage of CO2 in saline aquifers-A review of the experience from existing storage operations. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(4):659-667
132. Neal PR, Cinar Y, Allinson WG (2010) The economics of pressure-relief with CO2 injection. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam NETL (2005) Power plant water usage and loss study
133. Newmark RL, Friedmann SJ, Carroll SA (2010) Water challenges for geologic carbon capture and sequestration. Environmental management 45(4)
134. Nicot J (2008) Evaluation of large-scale CO2 storage on fresh-water sections of aquifers: an example from the Texas Gulf Coast Basin. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 2(4):582-593
135. Nicot J, Oldenburg CM, Bryant SL, Hovorka SD (2009) Pressure perturbations from geologic carbon sequestration: area-of-review boundaries and borehole leakage driving forces. Energy Procedia 1(1):47-54
136. Nordbotten JM, Celia MA (2011) Geological storage of CO2: modeling approaches for large-scale simulation, with John Wiley and Sons, Inc
137. Oltra C, Sala R, Sola R, Di Masso M, Rowe G (2010) Lay perceptions of carbon capture and storage technology. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(4):698-706
138. OSPAR (OSlo - PARis) convention for the protection of the marine environment of the North-East Atlantic (2007) OSPAR guidelines for risk assessment and management of storage of CO2 streams in geological formations. Reference: 2007/12
139. Pacala S, Socolow R (2004) Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science 305(5686):968-972
140. Person M, Banerjee A, Rupp J, Medina C, Lichtner P, Gable C, Pawar R, Celia M, McIntosh J, Bense V (2010) Assessment of basin-scale hydrologic impacts of CO2 sequestration, Illinois basin. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(5):840-854
141. Pollak M, Wilson E (2009) Regulating geologic sequestration in the United States: early rules take divergent approaches. Environ Sci Technol 43(9):3035-3041
142. Preisig M, Prevost JH (2011) Coupled multi-phase thermo-poromechanical effects. Case study: CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control
143. Pruess K, García J, Kovscek T, Oldenburg C, Rutqvist J, Steefel C, Xu T (2004) Code intercomparison builds confidence in numerical simulation models for geologic disposal of CO2. Energy 29(9-10): 1431-1444
144. Pruess K, Birkholzer JT, Zhou Q (2009) Mathematical models as tools for probing long-term safety of CO2 storage, LBNL Paper LBNL-1587E. Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/04w053xn
145. Réveillère A, Rohmer J (2010) Managing the risk of CO2 leakage from deep saline aquifer reservoirs through the creation of a hydraulic barrier, to be submitted to the GHGT10 conference in Amsterdam
146. Rutqvist J, Birkholzer J, Cappa F, Tsang C (2007) Estimating maximum sustainable injection pressure during geological sequestration of CO2 using coupled fluid flow and geomechanical fault-slip analysis. Energ Convers Manag 48(6):1798-1807
147. Rutqvist J, Vasco DW, Myer L (2010) Coupled reservoir-geomechanical analysis of CO2 injection and ground deformations at In Salah, Algeria. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2):225-230
148. Rygaard M, Arvin E, Binning PJ (2009) The valuation of water quality: effects of mixing different drinking water qualities. Water Res 43(5):1207-1218
149. Schnaar G, Digiulio DC (2009) Computational modeling of the geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide. Vadose Zone Journal 8(2):389-403
150. Seevam P (2007) Carbon dioxide pipelines for sequestration in the UK: an engineering gap analysis. Global Pipeline Monthly 3(6)
151. Seevam P (2009) Transporting the next generation of C02 for carbon capture and storage: the impact of impurities on supercritical C02 pipelines. Proceedings of the Biennial International Pipeline Conference, IPC 1:39
152. Seitter KL (2009) Impact of CRU Hacking on the AMS Statement on Climate Change. American Meteorological Society, [Online]
153. Seligsohn D, Liu Y, Forbes S, Dongjie Z, West L (2010) CCS in China: toward an environmental, health, and safety regulatory framework, World Resources Institute available at http://pdf.wri.org/ccs_in_china.pdf.
154. Shackley S, McLachlan C, Gough C (2005) The public perception of carbon dioxide capture and storage in the UK: results from focus groups and a survey 4:377-398(22)
155. Sharma S, Cook P, Robinson S, Anderson C (2007) Regulatory challenges and managing public perception in planning a geological storage pilot project in Australia. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 1(2):247-252
156. Sharp J (2008) Carbon capture and storage: the views of the Canadian Public, Pembina Institute, [Online]. Available from: http://pubs.pembina.org/reports/ccs-discuss-public-views.pdf
157. Shukla R, Ranjith P, Haque A, Choi X (2010) A review of studies on CO2 sequestration and caprock integrity. Fuel 89(10):2651-2664
158. Singleton G, Herzog H, Ansolabehere S (2009) Public risk perspectives on the geologic storage of carbon dioxide. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(1):100-107
159. Smyth RC, Hovorka SD, Lu J, Romanak KD, Partin JW, Wong C, Yang C (2009) Assessing risk to fresh water resources from long term CO2 injection-laboratory and field studies. Energy Procedia 1(1):1957-1964
160. Sovacool BK (2009) Running on empty: the electricity-water Nexus and the U.S. Electric Utility Sector. Energy Law Journal 30(1):11-51
161. Sovacool BK, Sovacool KE (2009a) Identifying future electricity-water tradeoffs in the United States. Energy Policy 37(7):2763-2773
162. Sovacool BK, Sovacool KE (2009b) Preventing national electricity-water crisis areas in the United States. Columbia J Environ Law 34(2):333-393
163. Stenhouse MJ, Wilson M, Herzog H, Cassidy B, Kozak M, Zhou W (2004) Regulatory issues associated with the long-term storage of CO2
164. Stenhouse MJ, Wilson M, Herzog H, Cassidy B, Kozak M, Zhou W (2005) Regulatory issues associated with deep geological CO2 storage. Seventh International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, 7-11 June 2010Vancouver, Canada
165. Stoker T, Dahe Q (2009) Statement by Working Group I of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on stolen emails from the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. IPCC WGI - The Physical Science Basis, [Online]
166. Sun B, Peng R, Chen C (2003) Ecological environmental problems caused by the exploitation of mineral products and water resources in Xinjiang, China. In: Pan X, Gao W, Glantz MH, Honda Y (eds) SPIE, July 11, 2003, pp 780
167. Surdam RC, Jiao Z, Stauffer P, Miller T (2009) An integrated strategy for carbon management combining geological CO2 sequestration, displaced fluid production, and water treatment: Wyoming State Geological Survey Challenges in Geologic Resource Development
168. Trabucchi C, Patton L (2008) Storing carbon: options for liability risk management, financial responsibility. Daily Environment 170
169. 2 and injection disposal of liquid waste. Environ Geol 54(8):1723-1737
170. U.S. Department of Interior (2009) Report to Congress: framework for geological carbon sequestration on public land
171. UK Department for Business Enteprise & Regulatory Reform (2007) Offshore natural gas storage and liquefied natural gas import facilities: a consultation, available at http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dti.gov.uk/consultations/page35612.html
172. UNIDO - United Nations Industrial Development Organization (2010) Carbon capture and storage in industrial applications: Technology Synthesis Report Working Paper, available at http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/Services/Energy_and_Climate_Change/Energy_Efficiency/CCS/synthesis_final.pdf
173. United States Global Change Research Program (2006) Annual Report to Congress
174. United States Global Change Research Program (2009) Scientific assessment of global climate change impacts in the U.S.
175. United States Global Change Research Program (2010) Annual Report to Congress
176. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (1994) Determination of Maximum Injection Pressure for Class I Wells, United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 5-Underground Injection Control Section Regional Guidance #7. EPA, Washington, DC, USA; available at http://www.epa.gov/r5water/uic/r5guid/r5_07.htm
177. USEPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (2009) Proposed endangerment and cause or contribute findings for greehouse gases under Section 202(a) of the Clean Air Act, published at 74 FR 1886
178. van Alphen K, van Voorst tot Voorst Q, Hekkert MP, Smits REHM (2007) Societal acceptance of carbon capture and storage technologies. Energy Policy 35(8):4368-4380
179. van Alphen K, Noothout PM, Hekkert MP, Turkenburg WC (2010) Evaluating the development of carbon capture and storage technologies in the United States. Renew Sustain Energ Rev 14:971-986
180. Varis O, Vakkilainen P (2001) China's 8 challenges to water resources management in the first quarter of the 21st Century. Geomorphology 41(2-3):93-104
181. Vedder H (2008) An assessment of carbon capture and storage under EC competition law. SSRN eLibrary
182. Veil JA, McNemar A, Harto C (2010) Management of water extracted in conjunction with carbon sequestration programs, presented at the Ninth Annual Conference on Carbon Capture & Sequestration
183. Veil JA, Harto CB, McNemar A (2011) Management of water extracted from carbon sequestration projects: parallels to produced water management. SPE 140994 - SPE Americas E&P Health, Safety, Security, and Environmental Conference, 21-23 March 2011, Houston, Texas, USA
184. Wallquist L, Visschers VHM, Siegrist M (2010) Impact of knowledge and misconceptions on benefit and risk perception of CCS. Environ Sci Technol 44(17):6557-6562
185. Watson TL, Bachu S (2008) Identification of wells with high CO2-leakage potential in mature oil fields developed for CO2-enhanced oil recovery, Paper SPE 112924. SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium, Tulsa, OK, U.S.A., 19-23 April
186. Watson TL, Bachu S (2009) Evaluation of the potential for gas and CO2 leakage along Wellbores. SPE Drill Complet 24(1):115-126
187. William J, Svec R, Grigg R, Zhang J, Crow W (2010) Experimental investigation of wellbore integrity and CO2-brine flow along the casing-cement microannulus. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2):272-282
188. Wilson E, Zhang D, Zheng L (2011) The socio-political context for deploying carbon capture and storage in China and the U.S. Global Environ Change 21(2):324-335
189. Wolery TJ, Aines RD, Hao Y, Bourcier W, Wolfe T, Haussman C (2009) Fresh water generation from aquiferpressured carbon storage: annual report FY09, United States
190. Woods AW, Norris S (2010) On the role of caprock and fracture zones in dispersing gas plumes in the subsurface. Water Resour Res 46(8):W08522
191. Xu T, Apps JA, Pruess K (2003) Reactive geochemical transport simulation to study mineral trapping for CO (sub 2) disposal in deep arenaceous formations. J Geophys Res 108
192. Yamamoto H, Zhang K, Karasaki K, Marui A, Ueharah, Nishikawa N (2009) Numerical investigation concerning the impact of CO2 geologic storage on regional groundwater flow. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 3(5):586-599
193. Zeidouni M, Pooladi-Darvish M (2010) Characterization of leakage through cap-rock with application to CO2 storage in aquifers - single injector and single monitoring well. Canadian Unconventional Resources and International Petroleum Conference, 19-21 October 2010Alberta, Canada
194. Zeidouni M, Pooladi-Darvish M, Keith DW (2010) Leakage detection and characterization through pressure monitoring. Proceedings of the GHGT-10 conf., Amsterdam
195. Zhai H, Rubin ES (2010) Performance and cost of wet and dry cooling systems for pulverized coal power plants with and without carbon capture and storage. Energy Policy 38(10):5653-5660
196. Zhai H, Rubin ES, Versteeg PL (2011) Water use at pulverized coal power plants with postcombustion carbon capture and storage. Environ Sci Technol 45(6):2479-2485
197. Zhang C (2009) Climate change impacts on water resources and ecological environment of inland watersheds in the Hexi region of West Gansu, China
198. Zhang Y, Oldenburg C, Benson SM (2004) Vadose zone remediation of carbon dioxide leakage from geologic carbon dioxide sequestration sites. Vadose Zone Journal 3(3):858
199. Zheng C, Liu J, Cao G, Kendy E, Wang H, Jia Y (2010a) Can China cope with its water crisis??Perspectives from the North China plain. Ground Water 48(3):350-354
200. Zheng Z, Larson ED, Li Z, Liu G, Williams RH (2010b) Near-term mega-scale CO2 capture and storage demonstration opportunities in China. Energ Environ Sci 3(9):1153-1169
201. Zhou Q, Birkholzer JT, Tsang C, Rutqvist J (2008) A method for quick assessment of CO2 storage capacity in closed and semi-closed saline formations. Int J Greenhouse Gas Control 2(4):626-639