메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 352-363

Simultaneous polysubstance use among Danish 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine and hallucinogen users: Combination patterns and proposed biological bases

Author keywords

3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine; designer drugs; ecstasy; hallucinogens; street drugs; substance related disorders

Indexed keywords

3,4 METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE; ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE; CANNABIS; COCAINE; LYSERGIDE; PSILOCYBINE; PSYCHEDELIC AGENT;

EID: 84864132770     PISSN: 08856222     EISSN: 10991077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hup.2234     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (29)

References (58)
  • 2
    • 23244433068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in Canadian rave attendees
    • Barrett SP, Gross SR, Garand I, Pihl RO,. 2005. Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in Canadian rave attendees. Subst Use Misuse 40: 1525-37.
    • (2005) Subst Use Misuse , vol.40 , pp. 1525-1537
    • Barrett, S.P.1    Gross, S.R.2    Garand, I.3    Pihl, R.O.4
  • 3
    • 33745910208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students
    • Barrett SP, Darredeau C, Pihl RO,. 2006. Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students. Hum Psychopharmacol 21: 255-63.
    • (2006) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 255-263
    • Barrett, S.P.1    Darredeau, C.2    Pihl, R.O.3
  • 4
    • 33751230490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity in rats: A reappraisal of past and present findings
    • Baumann MH, Wang X, Rothman RB,. 2007. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) neurotoxicity in rats: a reappraisal of past and present findings. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 189: 407-24.
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.189 , pp. 407-424
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Wang, X.2    Rothman, R.B.3
  • 5
    • 0031503941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polydrug use at raves by a Western Australian sample
    • Boys A, Lenton S, Norcross K,. 1997. Polydrug use at raves by a Western Australian sample. Drug Alcohol Rev 16: 227-34.
    • (1997) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.16 , pp. 227-234
    • Boys, A.1    Lenton, S.2    Norcross, K.3
  • 6
    • 0034888074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding reasons for drug use amongst young people: A functional perspective
    • Boys A, Marsden J, Strang J,. 2001. Understanding reasons for drug use amongst young people: a functional perspective. Health Educ Res 16: 457-69.
    • (2001) Health Educ Res , vol.16 , pp. 457-469
    • Boys, A.1    Marsden, J.2    Strang, J.3
  • 7
    • 33745535560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alcohol use and risk taking among regular ecstasy users
    • Breen C, Degenhardt L, Kinner S, et al,. 2006. Alcohol use and risk taking among regular ecstasy users. Subst Use Misuse 41: 1095-109.
    • (2006) Subst Use Misuse , vol.41 , pp. 1095-1109
    • Breen, C.1    Degenhardt, L.2    Kinner, S.3
  • 8
    • 0031777130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric evaluation of the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR): A measure of adolescent alcohol and drug involvement
    • Brown SA, Myers MG, Lippke L, Tapert SF, Stewart DG, Vik PW,. 1998. Psychometric evaluation of the Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record (CDDR): a measure of adolescent alcohol and drug involvement. J Stud Alcohol 59: 427-38.
    • (1998) J Stud Alcohol , vol.59 , pp. 427-438
    • Brown, S.A.1    Myers, M.G.2    Lippke, L.3    Tapert, S.F.4    Stewart, D.G.5    Vik, P.W.6
  • 10
    • 21744439619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drug use practices among MDMA/ecstasy users in Ohio: A latent class analysis
    • Carlson RG, Wang J, Falck RS, Siegal HA,. 2005. Drug use practices among MDMA/ecstasy users in Ohio: a latent class analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 79: 167-79.
    • (2005) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.79 , pp. 167-179
    • Carlson, R.G.1    Wang, J.2    Falck, R.S.3    Siegal, H.A.4
  • 11
    • 21644454070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA ('Ecstasy') and methamphetamine combined: Order of administration influences hyperthermic and long-term adverse effects in female rats
    • Clemens KJ, Cornish JL, Li KM, Hunt GE, McGregor IS,. 2005. MDMA ('Ecstasy') and methamphetamine combined: order of administration influences hyperthermic and long-term adverse effects in female rats. Neuropharmacology 49: 195-207.
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.49 , pp. 195-207
    • Clemens, K.J.1    Cornish, J.L.2    Li, K.M.3    Hunt, G.E.4    McGregor, I.S.5
  • 12
    • 33847176624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: Possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research
    • Clemens KJ, McGregor IS, Hunt GE, Cornish JL,. 2007. MDMA, methamphetamine and their combination: possible lessons for party drug users from recent preclinical research. Drug Alcohol Rev 26: 9-15.
    • (2007) Drug Alcohol Rev , vol.26 , pp. 9-15
    • Clemens, K.J.1    McGregor, I.S.2    Hunt, G.E.3    Cornish, J.L.4
  • 13
    • 36148970076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of concurrent administration of +/-3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine and cocaine on conditioned place preference in the adult male rat
    • Diller AJ, Rocha A, Cardon AL, Valles R, Wellman PJ, Nation JR,. 2007. The effects of concurrent administration of +/-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and cocaine on conditioned place preference in the adult male rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 88: 165-70.
    • (2007) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.88 , pp. 165-170
    • Diller, A.J.1    Rocha, A.2    Cardon, A.L.3    Valles, R.4    Wellman, P.J.5    Nation, J.R.6
  • 14
    • 67651175877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis coadministration potentiates the effects of "ecstasy" on heart rate and temperature in humans
    • Dumont GJ, Kramers C, Sweep FC, et al,. 2009. Cannabis coadministration potentiates the effects of "ecstasy"on heart rate and temperature in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther 86: 160-6.
    • (2009) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.86 , pp. 160-166
    • Dumont, G.J.1    Kramers, C.2    Sweep, F.C.3
  • 16
    • 84864117090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EMCDDA. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon
    • EMCDDA. 2009. Selected Issue, Polydrug Use: Patterns and Responses. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon.
    • (2009) Selected Issue, Polydrug Use: Patterns and Responses
  • 18
    • 79958027356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo imaging of cerebral serotonin transporter and serotonin(2A) receptor binding in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") and hallucinogen users
    • Erritzoe D, Frokjaer VG, Holst KK, et al,. 2011. In vivo imaging of cerebral serotonin transporter and serotonin(2A) receptor binding in 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or "ecstasy") and hallucinogen users. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68: 562-76.
    • (2011) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.68 , pp. 562-576
    • Erritzoe, D.1    Frokjaer, V.G.2    Holst, K.K.3
  • 19
    • 0029963103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Places and patterns of drug use in the Scottish dance scene
    • Forsyth AJ,. 1996. Places and patterns of drug use in the Scottish dance scene. Addiction 91: 511-21.
    • (1996) Addiction , vol.91 , pp. 511-521
    • Forsyth, A.J.1
  • 20
    • 67651248074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polydrug use among club-going young adults recruited through time-space sampling
    • Grov C, Kelly BC, Parsons JT,. 2009. Polydrug use among club-going young adults recruited through time-space sampling. Subst Use Misuse 44: 848-64.
    • (2009) Subst Use Misuse , vol.44 , pp. 848-864
    • Grov, C.1    Kelly, B.C.2    Parsons, J.T.3
  • 21
    • 44649173724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Actions of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on cerebral dopaminergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurons
    • Gudelsky GA, Yamamoto BK,. 2008. Actions of 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on cerebral dopaminergic, serotonergic and cholinergic neurons. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90: 198-207.
    • (2008) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.90 , pp. 198-207
    • Gudelsky, G.A.1    Yamamoto, B.K.2
  • 22
    • 0642305561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallucinogens: An update
    • Halpern JH,. 2003. Hallucinogens: an update. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5: 347-54.
    • (2003) Curr Psychiatry Rep , vol.5 , pp. 347-354
    • Halpern, J.H.1
  • 23
    • 68849095564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol increases the distribution of MDMA to the rat brain: Possible implications in the ethanol-induced potentiation of the psychostimulant effects of MDMA
    • Hamida SB, Tracqui A, de Vasconcelos AP, et al,. 2009. Ethanol increases the distribution of MDMA to the rat brain: possible implications in the ethanol-induced potentiation of the psychostimulant effects of MDMA. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 12: 749-59.
    • (2009) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 749-759
    • Hamida, S.B.1    Tracqui, A.2    De Vasconcelos, A.P.3
  • 25
    • 0036137095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and alcohol interactions in humans: Psychomotor performance, subjective effects, and pharmacokinetics
    • Hernandez-Lopez C, Farre M, Roset PN, et al,. 2002. 3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) and alcohol interactions in humans: psychomotor performance, subjective effects, and pharmacokinetics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 300: 236-44.
    • (2002) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.300 , pp. 236-244
    • Hernandez-Lopez, C.1    Farre, M.2    Roset, P.N.3
  • 27
    • 61649104610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of amphetamine, metamphetamine, MDA and MDMA in human hair by GC-EI-MS after derivatization with perfluorooctanoyl chloride
    • Johansen SS, Jornil J,. 2009. Determination of amphetamine, metamphetamine, MDA and MDMA in human hair by GC-EI-MS after derivatization with perfluorooctanoyl chloride. Scan J Clin Lab Invest 69: 113-120.
    • (2009) Scan J Clin Lab Invest , vol.69 , pp. 113-120
    • Johansen, S.S.1    Jornil, J.2
  • 28
    • 76649123943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol and ecstasy on conditioned place preference in the rat
    • Jones BC, Ben-Hamida S, de Vasconcelos AP, et al,. 2010. Effects of ethanol and ecstasy on conditioned place preference in the rat. J Psychopharmacol 24: 275-9.
    • (2010) J Psychopharmacol , vol.24 , pp. 275-279
    • Jones, B.C.1    Ben-Hamida, S.2    De Vasconcelos, A.P.3
  • 29
    • 77952985523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased cerebral cortical serotonin transporter binding in ecstasy users: A positron emission tomography/[11C]DASB and structural brain imaging study
    • Kish SJ, Lerch J, Furukawa Y, et al,. 2010. Decreased cerebral cortical serotonin transporter binding in ecstasy users: a positron emission tomography/[11C]DASB and structural brain imaging study. Brain 133: 1779-1797.
    • (2010) Brain , vol.133 , pp. 1779-1797
    • Kish, S.J.1    Lerch, J.2    Furukawa, Y.3
  • 30
    • 34247534726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: Markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine
    • Martinez D, Narendran R, Foltin RW, et al,. 2007. Amphetamine-induced dopamine release: markedly blunted in cocaine dependence and predictive of the choice to self-administer cocaine. Am J Psychiatry 164: 622-9.
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatry , vol.164 , pp. 622-629
    • Martinez, D.1    Narendran, R.2    Foltin, R.W.3
  • 32
    • 1842664351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoids prevent the acute hyperthermia and partially protect against the 5-HT depleting effects of MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats
    • Morley KC, Li KM, Hunt GE, Mallet PE, McGregor IS,. 2004. Cannabinoids prevent the acute hyperthermia and partially protect against the 5-HT depleting effects of MDMA ("Ecstasy") in rats. Neuropharmacology 46: 954-65.
    • (2004) Neuropharmacology , vol.46 , pp. 954-965
    • Morley, K.C.1    Li, K.M.2    Hunt, G.E.3    Mallet, P.E.4    McGregor, I.S.5
  • 33
    • 0842324481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hallucinogens
    • Nichols DE,. 2004. Hallucinogens. Pharmacol Ther 101: 131-81.
    • (2004) Pharmacol Ther , vol.101 , pp. 131-181
    • Nichols, D.E.1
  • 34
    • 77649235379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vivo microdialysis assessment of concurrent MDMA and cocaine administration in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Panos JJ, Baker LE,. 2010. An in vivo microdialysis assessment of concurrent MDMA and cocaine administration in Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 209: 95-102.
    • (2010) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.209 , pp. 95-102
    • Panos, J.J.1    Baker, L.E.2
  • 35
    • 12444321929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or Ecstasy
    • Parrott AC,. 2005. Chronic tolerance to recreational MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) or Ecstasy. J Psychopharmacol 19: 71-83.
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , pp. 71-83
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 36
    • 32844467877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA in humans: Factors which affect the neuropsychobiological profiles of recreational ecstasy users, the integrative role of bioenergetic stress
    • Parrott AC,. 2006. MDMA in humans: factors which affect the neuropsychobiological profiles of recreational ecstasy users, the integrative role of bioenergetic stress. J Psychopharmacol 20: 147-63.
    • (2006) J Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , pp. 147-163
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 37
    • 70449461473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortisol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: Neurohormonal aspects of bioenergetic stress in ecstasy users
    • Parrott AC,. 2009. Cortisol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine: neurohormonal aspects of bioenergetic stress in ecstasy users. Neuropsychobiology 60: 148-158.
    • (2009) Neuropsychobiology , vol.60 , pp. 148-158
    • Parrott, A.C.1
  • 38
    • 0036136961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recreational ecstasy/MDMA and other drug users from the UK and Italy: Psychiatric symptoms and psychobiological problems
    • Parrott AC, Milani RM, Parmar R, Turner JD,. 2001. Recreational ecstasy/MDMA and other drug users from the UK and Italy: psychiatric symptoms and psychobiological problems. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 159: 77-82.
    • (2001) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.159 , pp. 77-82
    • Parrott, A.C.1    Milani, R.M.2    Parmar, R.3    Turner, J.D.4
  • 39
    • 34547117589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabis and Ecstasy/MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine): An analysis of their neuropsychobiological interactions in recreational users
    • Parrott AC, Milani RM, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E, Daumann J,. 2007. Cannabis and Ecstasy/MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine): an analysis of their neuropsychobiological interactions in recreational users. J Neural Transm 114: 959-68.
    • (2007) J Neural Transm , vol.114 , pp. 959-968
    • Parrott, A.C.1    Milani, R.M.2    Gouzoulis-Mayfrank, E.3    Daumann, J.4
  • 41
    • 50849128531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ethanol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) alone or in combination on spontaneous and evoked overflow of dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine in striatal slices of the rat brain
    • Riegert C, Wedekind F, Hamida SB, et al,. 2008. Effects of ethanol and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) alone or in combination on spontaneous and evoked overflow of dopamine, serotonin and acetylcholine in striatal slices of the rat brain. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 11: 743-63.
    • (2008) Int J Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.11 , pp. 743-763
    • Riegert, C.1    Wedekind, F.2    Hamida, S.B.3
  • 42
    • 35748975917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural and neurochemical effects of combined MDMA and THC administration in mice
    • Robledo P, Trigo JM, Panayi F, de la Torre R, Maldonado R,. 2007. Behavioural and neurochemical effects of combined MDMA and THC administration in mice. Psychopharmacology 195: 255-264.
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology , vol.195 , pp. 255-264
    • Robledo, P.1    Trigo, J.M.2    Panayi, F.3    De La Torre, R.4    Maldonado, R.5
  • 43
    • 3843142920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MDMA-evoked changes in [11C]raclopride and [11C]NMSP binding in living pig brain
    • Rosa-Neto P, Gjedde A, Olsen AK, et al,. 2004. MDMA-evoked changes in [11C]raclopride and [11C]NMSP binding in living pig brain. Synapse 53: 222-33.
    • (2004) Synapse , vol.53 , pp. 222-233
    • Rosa-Neto, P.1    Gjedde, A.2    Olsen, A.K.3
  • 44
    • 20444424124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endocannabinoids and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) interaction
    • Sala M, Braida D,. 2005. Endocannabinoids and 3,4- methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) interaction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 81: 407-16.
    • (2005) Pharmacol Biochem Behav , vol.81 , pp. 407-416
    • Sala, M.1    Braida, D.2
  • 45
    • 0032509780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Candyflipping': Synergistic discriminative effect of LSD and MDMA
    • Schechter MD,. 1998. 'Candyflipping': synergistic discriminative effect of LSD and MDMA. Eur J Pharmacol 341: 131-4.
    • (1998) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.341 , pp. 131-134
    • Schechter, M.D.1
  • 46
    • 46549088297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of priming injections of MDMA and cocaine on reinstatement of MDMA- and cocaine-seeking in rats
    • Schenk S, Hely L, Gittings D, Lake B, Daniela E,. 2008. Effects of priming injections of MDMA and cocaine on reinstatement of MDMA- and cocaine-seeking in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 96: 249-55.
    • (2008) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.96 , pp. 249-255
    • Schenk, S.1    Hely, L.2    Gittings, D.3    Lake, B.4    Daniela, E.5
  • 47
    • 0142074803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death rates from ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) and polydrug use in England and Wales 1996-2002
    • Schifano F, Oyefeso A, Corkery J, et al,. 2003. Death rates from ecstasy (MDMA, MDA) and polydrug use in England and Wales 1996-2002. Hum Psychopharmacol 18: 519-24.
    • (2003) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , pp. 519-524
    • Schifano, F.1    Oyefeso, A.2    Corkery, J.3
  • 48
    • 0030799746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PET study of competition between intravenous cocaine and [11C]raclopride at dopamine receptors in human subjects
    • Schlaepfer TE, Pearlson GD, Wong DF, Marenco S, Dannals RF,. 1997. PET study of competition between intravenous cocaine and [11C]raclopride at dopamine receptors in human subjects. Am J Psychiatry 154: 1209-13.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1209-1213
    • Schlaepfer, T.E.1    Pearlson, G.D.2    Wong, D.F.3    Marenco, S.4    Dannals, R.F.5
  • 49
    • 77957980431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hair MDMA samples are consistent with reported Ecstasy use: Findings from a study investigating effects of Ecstasy on mood and memory
    • Scholey AB, Owen L, Gates J, et al,. 2011. Hair MDMA samples are consistent with reported Ecstasy use: findings from a study investigating effects of Ecstasy on mood and memory. Neuropsychobiology 63: 15-21.
    • (2011) Neuropsychobiology , vol.63 , pp. 15-21
    • Scholey, A.B.1    Owen, L.2    Gates, J.3
  • 50
    • 0020262410 scopus 로고
    • Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST
    • Skinner HA, Sheu WJ,. 1982. Reliability of alcohol use indices. The lifetime drinking history and the MAST. J Stud Alcohol 43: 1157-70.
    • (1982) J Stud Alcohol , vol.43 , pp. 1157-1170
    • Skinner, H.A.1    Sheu, W.J.2
  • 53
    • 0038070346 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users
    • Thomasius R, Petersen K, Buchert R, et al,. 2003. Mood, cognition and serotonin transporter availability in current and former ecstasy (MDMA) users. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 167: 85-96.
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology (Berl) , vol.167 , pp. 85-96
    • Thomasius, R.1    Petersen, K.2    Buchert, R.3
  • 55
    • 0035054640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of drugs within the techno party scene in European metropolitan cities
    • Tossmann P, Boldt S, Tensil MD,. 2001. The use of drugs within the techno party scene in European metropolitan cities. Eur Addict Res 7: 2-23.
    • (2001) Eur Addict Res , vol.7 , pp. 2-23
    • Tossmann, P.1    Boldt, S.2    Tensil, M.D.3
  • 56
    • 0035452496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and the dance music scene: A survey of current drug use patterns among a sample of dance music enthusiasts in the UK
    • Winstock AR, Griffiths P, Stewart D,. 2001. Drugs and the dance music scene: a survey of current drug use patterns among a sample of dance music enthusiasts in the UK. Drug Alcohol Depend 64: 9-17.
    • (2001) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.64 , pp. 9-17
    • Winstock, A.R.1    Griffiths, P.2    Stewart, D.3
  • 57
    • 33746555471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concurrent use of methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, ketamine, GHB, and flunitrazepam among American youths
    • Wu LT, Schlenger WE, Galvin DM,. 2006. Concurrent use of methamphetamine, MDMA, LSD, ketamine, GHB, and flunitrazepam among American youths. Drug Alcohol Depend 84: 102-13.
    • (2006) Drug Alcohol Depend , vol.84 , pp. 102-113
    • Wu, L.T.1    Schlenger, W.E.2    Galvin, D.M.3
  • 58
    • 70449111706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The variety of ecstasy/MDMA users: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions
    • Wu LT, Parrott AC, Ringwalt CL, Yang C, Blazer DG,. 2009. The variety of ecstasy/MDMA users: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Am J Addict 18: 452-61.
    • (2009) Am J Addict , vol.18 , pp. 452-461
    • Wu, L.T.1    Parrott, A.C.2    Ringwalt, C.L.3    Yang, C.4    Blazer, D.G.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.