메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 76, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 406-417

Anorectal bleeding: Etiology, evaluation, and management (with videos)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOTULINUM TOXIN; DILTIAZEM; GLYCERYL TRINITRATE; MESALAZINE;

EID: 84864116475     PISSN: 00165107     EISSN: 10976779     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2012.03.178     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (11)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 33748353821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The burden of gastrointestinal and liver diseases
    • N.J. Shaheen, R.A. Hansen, D.R. Morgan The burden of gastrointestinal and liver diseases Am J Gastroenterol 101 2006 2128 2138
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 2128-2138
    • Shaheen, N.J.1    Hansen, R.A.2    Morgan, D.R.3
  • 2
    • 40649103166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding
    • G. Zuccaro Epidemiology of lower gastrointestinal bleeding Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 22 2008 225 232
    • (2008) Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol , vol.22 , pp. 225-232
    • Zuccaro, G.1
  • 3
    • 0028928643 scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of current technology in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage
    • J.M. Richter, M.R. Christensen, L.M. Kaplan Effectiveness of current technology in the diagnosis and management of lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage Gastrointest Endosc 41 1995 93 98
    • (1995) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.41 , pp. 93-98
    • Richter, J.M.1    Christensen, M.R.2    Kaplan, L.M.3
  • 4
    • 9344241839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of an open-access bleeding unit in the management of colonic hemorrhage: A 2-year prospective study
    • P.N. Bramley, J.W. Masson, G. McKnight The role of an open-access bleeding unit in the management of colonic hemorrhage: a 2-year prospective study Scand J Gastroenterol 31 1996 764 769
    • (1996) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.31 , pp. 764-769
    • Bramley, P.N.1    Masson, J.W.2    McKnight, G.3
  • 5
    • 0142155223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prediction of outcome in acute lower-gastrointestinal haemorrhage based on an artificial neural network: Internal and external validation of a predictive model
    • A. Das, T. Ben-Menachem, G.S. Cooper Prediction of outcome in acute lower-gastrointestinal haemorrhage based on an artificial neural network: internal and external validation of a predictive model Lancet 362 2003 1261 1266
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 1261-1266
    • Das, A.1    Ben-Menachem, T.2    Cooper, G.S.3
  • 6
    • 72949099741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal bleeding: Epidemiology, associated risk factors, and health care seeking behaviour: A population-based study
    • G.D. Eslick, J.S. Kalantar, N.J. Talley Rectal bleeding: epidemiology, associated risk factors, and health care seeking behaviour: a population-based study Colorectal Dis 11 2009 921 926
    • (2009) Colorectal Dis , vol.11 , pp. 921-926
    • Eslick, G.D.1    Kalantar, J.S.2    Talley, N.J.3
  • 7
    • 0032460493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-reported rectal bleeding in a United States community: Prevalence, risk factors, and health care seeking
    • N.J. Talley, M. Jones Self-reported rectal bleeding in a United States community: prevalence, risk factors, and health care seeking Am J Gastroenterol 93 1998 2179 2183
    • (1998) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.93 , pp. 2179-2183
    • Talley, N.J.1    Jones, M.2
  • 8
    • 0029122427 scopus 로고
    • Rectal bleeding: Prevalence and consultation behaviour
    • A. Crosland, R. Jones Rectal bleeding: prevalence and consultation behaviour BMJ 311 1995 486 488
    • (1995) BMJ , vol.311 , pp. 486-488
    • Crosland, A.1    Jones, R.2
  • 9
    • 0027213939 scopus 로고
    • Functional constipation and outlet delay: A population-based study
    • N.J. Talley, A.L. Weaver, A.R. Zinsmeister Functional constipation and outlet delay: a population-based study Gastroenterology 105 1993 781 790
    • (1993) Gastroenterology , vol.105 , pp. 781-790
    • Talley, N.J.1    Weaver, A.L.2    Zinsmeister, A.R.3
  • 10
    • 0026628244 scopus 로고
    • Delay in consulting a medical practitioner about rectal bleeding
    • J.E. Byles, S. Redman, D. Hennrikus Delay in consulting a medical practitioner about rectal bleeding J Epidemiol Comm Health 46 1992 241 244
    • (1992) J Epidemiol Comm Health , vol.46 , pp. 241-244
    • Byles, J.E.1    Redman, S.2    Hennrikus, D.3
  • 11
    • 0030838946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BLEED: A classification tool to predict outcomes in patients with acute upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage
    • M.H. Kollef, J.D. O'Brien, G.R. Zuckerman BLEED: a classification tool to predict outcomes in patients with acute upper and lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage Crit Care Med 25 1997 1125 1132
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 1125-1132
    • Kollef, M.H.1    O'Brien, J.D.2    Zuckerman, G.R.3
  • 12
    • 33745879456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk in primary care of colorectal cancer from new onset rectal bleeding: 10 year prospective study
    • J. du Toit, W. Hamilton, K. Barraclough Risk in primary care of colorectal cancer from new onset rectal bleeding: 10 year prospective study BMJ 333 2006 69 70
    • (2006) BMJ , vol.333 , pp. 69-70
    • Du Toit, J.1    Hamilton, W.2    Barraclough, K.3
  • 13
    • 0036174792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rectal bleeding: Is it always an indication for colonoscopy?
    • J.H. Bond Rectal bleeding: Is it always an indication for colonoscopy? Am J Gastroenterol 97 2002 223 225
    • (2002) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.97 , pp. 223-225
    • Bond, J.H.1
  • 14
    • 0035663788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating chronic, bright red, rectal bleeding
    • D. Mehanna, C. Platell Investigating chronic, bright red, rectal bleeding ANZ J Surg 71 2001 720 722
    • (2001) ANZ J Surg , vol.71 , pp. 720-722
    • Mehanna, D.1    Platell, C.2
  • 15
    • 13944265909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of rectal bleeding in adults: A cost-effective analysis comparing four diagnostic strategies
    • E. Allen, C. Nicolaidis, M. Helfand The evaluation of rectal bleeding in adults: a cost-effective analysis comparing four diagnostic strategies J Gen Intern Med 20 2005 81 90
    • (2005) J Gen Intern Med , vol.20 , pp. 81-90
    • Allen, E.1    Nicolaidis, C.2    Helfand, M.3
  • 16
    • 0025753309 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the colonoscopic findings in patients with rectal bleeding according to the pattern of their presenting symptoms
    • J.M. Church Analysis of the colonoscopic findings in patients with rectal bleeding according to the pattern of their presenting symptoms Dis Colon Rectum 34 1991 391 395
    • (1991) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.34 , pp. 391-395
    • Church, J.M.1
  • 17
    • 0020414008 scopus 로고
    • Colonoscopic diagnosis and management of rectal bleeding
    • H. Shinya, M. Cwern, G. Wolf Colonoscopic diagnosis and management of rectal bleeding Surg Clin North Am 62 1982 897 903
    • (1982) Surg Clin North Am , vol.62 , pp. 897-903
    • Shinya, H.1    Cwern, M.2    Wolf, G.3
  • 18
    • 0028150907 scopus 로고
    • Colonoscopic evaluation of rectal bleeding in young adults
    • J.A. Acosta, T.K. Fournier, C.O. Knutson Colonoscopic evaluation of rectal bleeding in young adults Am Surg 60 1994 903 906
    • (1994) Am Surg , vol.60 , pp. 903-906
    • Acosta, J.A.1    Fournier, T.K.2    Knutson, C.O.3
  • 19
    • 0027457994 scopus 로고
    • Colonoscopy for intermittent rectal bleeding: Impact on patient management
    • D.J. Graham, T.J. Pritchard, A.D. Bloom Colonoscopy for intermittent rectal bleeding: impact on patient management J Surg Res 54 1993 136 139
    • (1993) J Surg Res , vol.54 , pp. 136-139
    • Graham, D.J.1    Pritchard, T.J.2    Bloom, A.D.3
  • 20
    • 0023472262 scopus 로고
    • The impact of colonoscopy on the early detection of colonic neoplasms in patients with rectal bleeding
    • J.G. Guillem, K.A. Forde, M.R. Treat The impact of colonoscopy on the early detection of colonic neoplasms in patients with rectal bleeding Ann Surg 206 1987 606 611
    • (1987) Ann Surg , vol.206 , pp. 606-611
    • Guillem, J.G.1    Forde, K.A.2    Treat, M.R.3
  • 21
    • 0242348746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rates of colon and rectal cancers are increasing in young adults
    • J.B. O'Connell, M.A. Maggard, J.H. Liu Rates of colon and rectal cancers are increasing in young adults Am Surg 69 2003 866 872
    • (2003) Am Surg , vol.69 , pp. 866-872
    • O'Connell, J.B.1    Maggard, M.A.2    Liu, J.H.3
  • 22
    • 78349290159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • UpToDate 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health Web site
    • R.M. Penner, S.R. Majumdar Approach to minimal bright red bleeding per rectum UpToDate 2007 Wolters Kluwer Health Web site http://www.uptodate.com/ contents/approach-to-minimal-bright-red-bleeding-per-rectum?source= search-result&search=penner+approach+to+minimal+bright+red+bleeding& selectedTitle=1∼150
    • Approach to Minimal Bright Red Bleeding per Rectum
    • Penner, R.M.1    Majumdar, S.R.2
  • 24
    • 0037310758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: Clinical guidelines and rationale-update based on new evidence
    • S. Winawer, R. Fletcher, D. Rex Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-update based on new evidence Gastroenterology 124 2003 544 560
    • (2003) Gastroenterology , vol.124 , pp. 544-560
    • Winawer, S.1    Fletcher, R.2    Rex, D.3
  • 25
    • 39149119946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classic "outlet" rectal bleeding does not require full colonoscopy to exclude significant pathology
    • E.L. Marderstein, J.M. Church Classic "outlet" rectal bleeding does not require full colonoscopy to exclude significant pathology Dis Colon Rectum 51 2008 202 206
    • (2008) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.51 , pp. 202-206
    • Marderstein, E.L.1    Church, J.M.2
  • 27
    • 0028309511 scopus 로고
    • Haemorrhoids: Pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology
    • P.B. Loder, M.A. Kamm, R.J. Nicholls Haemorrhoids: pathology, pathophysiology and aetiology Br J Surg 81 1994 946 954
    • (1994) Br J Surg , vol.81 , pp. 946-954
    • Loder, P.B.1    Kamm, M.A.2    Nicholls, R.J.3
  • 28
    • 0025012530 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation: An epidemiologic study
    • J.F. Johanson, A. Sonnenberg The prevalence of hemorrhoids and chronic constipation: an epidemiologic study Gastroenterology 98 1990 380 386
    • (1990) Gastroenterology , vol.98 , pp. 380-386
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Sonnenberg, A.2
  • 29
    • 0026651117 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hemorrhoids: Current incidence and complications of operative therapy
    • R. Bleday, J.P. Pena, D.A. Rothenberger Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy Dis Colon Rectum 35 1992 477 481
    • (1992) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 477-481
    • Bleday, R.1    Pena, J.P.2    Rothenberger, D.A.3
  • 30
    • 0002105217 scopus 로고
    • Haemorrhoids or piles
    • J.C. Goligher, 4th ed. Bailliere Tindall London
    • J.C. Goligher Haemorrhoids or piles J.C. Goligher, Surgery of the anus, rectum and colon 4th ed. 1980 Bailliere Tindall London 96
    • (1980) Surgery of the Anus, Rectum and Colon , pp. 96
    • Goligher, J.C.1
  • 31
    • 0036125760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diseases of the rectum and anus: A clinical approach to common disorders
    • D.V. Gopal Diseases of the rectum and anus: a clinical approach to common disorders Clin Cornerstone 4 2002 34 48
    • (2002) Clin Cornerstone , vol.4 , pp. 34-48
    • Gopal, D.V.1
  • 32
    • 33644871796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • P. Alonso-Coello, E. Mills, D. Heels-Ansdell Fiber for the treatment of hemorrhoids complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis Am J Gastroenterol 101 2006 181 188
    • (2006) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.101 , pp. 181-188
    • Alonso-Coello, P.1    Mills, E.2    Heels-Ansdell, D.3
  • 33
    • 4644295500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: Outcome after conservative or surgical management
    • J. Greenspon, S.B. Williams, H.A. Young Thrombosed external hemorrhoids: outcome after conservative or surgical management Dis Colon Rectum 47 2004 1493 1498
    • (2004) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.47 , pp. 1493-1498
    • Greenspon, J.1    Williams, S.B.2    Young, H.A.3
  • 34
    • 78649521768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of endoscopy in patients with anorectal disorders
    • ASGE Technology Committee
    • V. Appalaneni, R.D. Fanelli, R.N. Sharaf ASGE Technology Committee The role of endoscopy in patients with anorectal disorders Gastrointest Endosc 72 2010 1117 1123
    • (2010) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.72 , pp. 1117-1123
    • Appalaneni, V.1    Fanelli, R.D.2    Sharaf, R.N.3
  • 35
    • 0028805863 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatment modalities: A meta-analysis
    • H.M. MacRae, R.S. McLeod Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatment modalities: a meta-analysis Dis Colon Rectum 38 1995 687 694
    • (1995) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.38 , pp. 687-694
    • MacRae, H.M.1    McLeod, R.S.2
  • 36
    • 0031055548 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatments: A meta-analysis
    • H.M. MacRae, R.S. McLeod Comparison of hemorrhoidal treatments: a meta-analysis Can J Surg 40 1997 14 17
    • (1997) Can J Surg , vol.40 , pp. 14-17
    • MacRae, H.M.1    McLeod, R.S.2
  • 37
    • 0020037648 scopus 로고
    • Rubber band ligation of three primary hemorrhoids in a single session: A safe and effective procedure
    • W.Y. Lau, H.P. Chow, G.P. Poon Rubber band ligation of three primary hemorrhoids in a single session: a safe and effective procedure Dis Colon Rectum 25 1982 336 339
    • (1982) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.25 , pp. 336-339
    • Lau, W.Y.1    Chow, H.P.2    Poon, G.P.3
  • 38
    • 0346874497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids
    • M.Y. Su, C.T. Chiu, C.S. Wu Endoscopic hemorrhoidal ligation of symptomatic internal hemorrhoids Gastrointest Endosc 58 2003 871 874
    • (2003) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.58 , pp. 871-874
    • Su, M.Y.1    Chiu, C.T.2    Wu, C.S.3
  • 40
    • 0033040607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Life-threatening retroperitoneal sepsis after hemorrhoids injection sclerotherapy: Report of a case
    • J. Barwell, R.M. Watkins, E. Lloyd-Davies Life-threatening retroperitoneal sepsis after hemorrhoids injection sclerotherapy: report of a case Dis Colon Rectum 42 1999 421 423
    • (1999) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.42 , pp. 421-423
    • Barwell, J.1    Watkins, R.M.2    Lloyd-Davies, E.3
  • 41
    • 0025302244 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of infrared coagulation, injection and rubber band ligation in the treatment of haemorrhoids
    • A.J. Walker, R.J. Leicester, R.J. Nicholls A prospective study of infrared coagulation, injection and rubber band ligation in the treatment of haemorrhoids Int J Colorectal Dis 5 1990 113 116
    • (1990) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.5 , pp. 113-116
    • Walker, A.J.1    Leicester, R.J.2    Nicholls, R.J.3
  • 42
    • 69849115709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemorrhoids: Diagnosis and current management
    • S. Lorenzo-Rivero Hemorrhoids: diagnosis and current management Am Surg 75 2009 635 642
    • (2009) Am Surg , vol.75 , pp. 635-642
    • Lorenzo-Rivero, S.1
  • 43
    • 0026440846 scopus 로고
    • Optimal nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids: A comparative analysis of infrared coagulation, rubber band ligation, and injection sclerotherapy
    • J.F. Johanson, A. Rimm Optimal nonsurgical treatment of hemorrhoids: a comparative analysis of infrared coagulation, rubber band ligation, and injection sclerotherapy Am J Gastroenterol 87 1992 1600 1606
    • (1992) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.87 , pp. 1600-1606
    • Johanson, J.F.1    Rimm, A.2
  • 44
    • 0026651117 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic hemorrhoids: Current incidence and complications of operative therapy
    • R. Bleday, J.P. Pena, D.A. Rothenberger Symptomatic hemorrhoids: current incidence and complications of operative therapy Dis Colon Rectum 35 1992 477 481
    • (1992) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.35 , pp. 477-481
    • Bleday, R.1    Pena, J.P.2    Rothenberger, D.A.3
  • 45
    • 32944454576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids
    • CD005034
    • V. Shanmugam, M.A. Thaha, K.S. Rabindranath Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3 2005 CD005034
    • (2005) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.3
    • Shanmugam, V.1    Thaha, M.A.2    Rabindranath, K.S.3
  • 46
    • 64049109342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • H. Karanlik, R. Akturk, H. Camlica The effect of glyceryl trinitrate ointment on posthemorrhoidectomy pain and wound healing: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study Dis Colon Rectum 52 2009 280 285
    • (2009) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.52 , pp. 280-285
    • Karanlik, H.1    Akturk, R.2    Camlica, H.3
  • 47
    • 39149113442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical metronidazole can reduce pain after surgery and pain on defecation in postoperative hemorrhoidectomy
    • S. Ala, M. Saeedi, F. Eshghi Topical metronidazole can reduce pain after surgery and pain on defecation in postoperative hemorrhoidectomy Dis Colon Rectum 51 2008 235 238
    • (2008) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.51 , pp. 235-238
    • Ala, S.1    Saeedi, M.2    Eshghi, F.3
  • 48
    • 79951520398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of topical diltiazem on post-hemorrhoidectomy pain
    • H.A. Amoli, A.Y. Notash, F.J. Shahandashti A randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of topical diltiazem on post-hemorrhoidectomy pain Colorectal Dis 13 2011 328 332
    • (2011) Colorectal Dis , vol.13 , pp. 328-332
    • Amoli, H.A.1    Notash, A.Y.2    Shahandashti, F.J.3
  • 49
    • 11244321758 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stapled hemorrhoidopexy compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials
    • P.J. Nisar, A.G. Acheson, K.R. Neal Stapled hemorrhoidopexy compared with conventional hemorrhoidectomy: systematic review of randomized controlled trials Dis Colon Rectum 47 2004 1837 1845
    • (2004) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.47 , pp. 1837-1845
    • Nisar, P.J.1    Acheson, A.G.2    Neal, K.R.3
  • 50
    • 34249913430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review on the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (stapled hemorrhoidopexy)
    • J.J. Tjandra, M.K. Chan Systematic review on the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (stapled hemorrhoidopexy) Dis Colon Rectum 50 2007 878 892
    • (2007) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.50 , pp. 878-892
    • Tjandra, J.J.1    Chan, M.K.2
  • 51
    • 70249113733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: A systematic review
    • P. Giordano, J. Overton, F. Madeddu Transanal hemorrhoidal dearterialization: a systematic review Dis Colon Rectum 52 2009 1665 1671
    • (2009) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.52 , pp. 1665-1671
    • Giordano, P.1    Overton, J.2    Madeddu, F.3
  • 52
    • 0031033634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Re-examination of clinical manifestations and response to therapy of fissure-in-ano
    • N. Hananel, P.H. Gordon Re-examination of clinical manifestations and response to therapy of fissure-in-ano Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 229 233
    • (1997) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.40 , pp. 229-233
    • Hananel, N.1    Gordon, P.H.2
  • 53
    • 0002166818 scopus 로고
    • Annual report of the Italian coloproctology units
    • M. Pescatori, A. Interisano Annual report of the Italian coloproctology units Tech Coloproctol 3 1995 29 30
    • (1995) Tech Coloproctol , vol.3 , pp. 29-30
    • Pescatori, M.1    Interisano, A.2
  • 54
    • 0022601219 scopus 로고
    • Anal hypertonia in fissures: Cause or effect?
    • C.P. Gibbons, N.W. Read Anal hypertonia in fissures: cause or effect? Br J Surg 73 1986 443 445
    • (1986) Br J Surg , vol.73 , pp. 443-445
    • Gibbons, C.P.1    Read, N.W.2
  • 55
    • 0030937151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anal fissure in Crohn's disease
    • P. Fleshner Anal fissure in Crohn's disease Semin Colon Rectal Surg 8 1997 36 39
    • (1997) Semin Colon Rectal Surg , vol.8 , pp. 36-39
    • Fleshner, P.1
  • 56
    • 67651185151 scopus 로고
    • Anal and rectal ulcer
    • T.G. Allen-Mersh, L. Gottesman, Edward Arnold London
    • M.E. Saler, L. Gottesman Anal and rectal ulcer T.G. Allen-Mersh, L. Gottesman, Anorectal disease in AIDS 1991 Edward Arnold London 103 129
    • (1991) Anorectal Disease in AIDS , pp. 103-129
    • Saler, M.E.1    Gottesman, L.2
  • 57
    • 30444450735 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sitz bath: Where is the evidence? Scientific basis of a common practice
    • T. Tejirian, M.A. Abbas Sitz bath: where is the evidence? Scientific basis of a common practice Dis Colon Rectum 48 2005 2336 2340
    • (2005) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.48 , pp. 2336-2340
    • Tejirian, T.1    Abbas, M.A.2
  • 58
    • 0031025486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure
    • J.N. Lund, J.H. Scholefield A randomised, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of glyceryl trinitrate ointment in treatment of anal fissure Lancet 349 1997 11 14
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.349 , pp. 11-14
    • Lund, J.N.1    Scholefield, J.H.2
  • 59
    • 34249741465 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: A randomized clinical trial
    • U.K. Shrivastava, B.K. Jain, P. Kumar A comparison of the effects of diltiazem and glyceryl trinitrate ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: a randomized clinical trial Surg Today 37 2007 482 485
    • (2007) Surg Today , vol.37 , pp. 482-485
    • Shrivastava, U.K.1    Jain, B.K.2    Kumar, P.3
  • 60
    • 0033536290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of injections of botulinum toxin and topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure
    • G. Brisinda, G. Maria, A.R. Bentivoglio A comparison of injections of botulinum toxin and topical nitroglycerin ointment for the treatment of chronic anal fissure N Engl J Med 341 1999 65 69
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , pp. 65-69
    • Brisinda, G.1    Maria, G.2    Bentivoglio, A.R.3
  • 61
    • 0035074757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure
    • J.S. Knight, M. Birks, R. Farouk Topical diltiazem ointment in the treatment of chronic anal fissure Br J Surg 88 2001 553 556
    • (2001) Br J Surg , vol.88 , pp. 553-556
    • Knight, J.S.1    Birks, M.2    Farouk, R.3
  • 62
    • 0037733941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concepts in pathogenesis and treatment of chronic anal fissure-a review of the literature
    • M.J. Utzig, A.J. Kroesen, H.G. Buhr Concepts in pathogenesis and treatment of chronic anal fissure-a review of the literature Am J Gastroenterol 98 2003 968 974
    • (2003) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.98 , pp. 968-974
    • Utzig, M.J.1    Kroesen, A.J.2    Buhr, H.G.3
  • 63
    • 39049195885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonsurgical therapy for anal fissure
    • CD003431
    • R. Nelson Nonsurgical therapy for anal fissure Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4 2006 CD003431
    • (2006) Cochrane Database Syst Rev , Issue.4
    • Nelson, R.1
  • 64
    • 44949098250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin vs glyceryl trinitrate for the medical management of chronic anal fissure: A meta-analysis
    • M.S. Sajid, B. Vijaynagar, M. Desai Botulinum toxin vs glyceryl trinitrate for the medical management of chronic anal fissure: a meta-analysis Colorectal Dis 10 2007 541 546
    • (2007) Colorectal Dis , vol.10 , pp. 541-546
    • Sajid, M.S.1    Vijaynagar, B.2    Desai, M.3
  • 65
    • 0033898778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure
    • C.S. Richard, R. Gregoire, E.A. Plewes Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure Dis Colon Rectum 43 2000 1048 1058
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 1048-1058
    • Richard, C.S.1    Gregoire, R.2    Plewes, E.A.3
  • 66
    • 33749666378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surgeons beliefs and experiences with the surgical treatment of anal fissure
    • M. Najarian Surgeons beliefs and experiences with the surgical treatment of anal fissure Semin Colon Rectal Surg 17 2006 116 119
    • (2006) Semin Colon Rectal Surg , vol.17 , pp. 116-119
    • Najarian, M.1
  • 67
    • 0033898778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: Results of a randomized, controlled trial by the Canadian Colorectal Surgical Trials Group
    • C.S. Richard, R. Gregoire, E.A. Plewes Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized, controlled trial by the Canadian Colorectal Surgical Trials Group Dis Colon Rectum 43 2000 1048 1057
    • (2000) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.43 , pp. 1048-1057
    • Richard, C.S.1    Gregoire, R.2    Plewes, E.A.3
  • 68
    • 68349083563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing botulinum toxin injection with lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure
    • W.J. Shao, G.C. Li, Z.K. Zhang Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing botulinum toxin injection with lateral internal sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure Int J Colorectal Dis 24 2009 995 1000
    • (2009) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.24 , pp. 995-1000
    • Shao, W.J.1    Li, G.C.2    Zhang, Z.K.3
  • 70
    • 0023793208 scopus 로고
    • The light and electron microscopic features of early and late phase radiation-induced proctitis
    • N.Y. Haboubi, P.F. Schofield, P.L. Rowland The light and electron microscopic features of early and late phase radiation-induced proctitis Am J Gastroenterol 83 1988 1140 1144
    • (1988) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.83 , pp. 1140-1144
    • Haboubi, N.Y.1    Schofield, P.F.2    Rowland, P.L.3
  • 71
    • 0018863070 scopus 로고
    • Tolerance of the intestine to radiation therapy
    • T.J. Kinsella, W.D. Bloomer Tolerance of the intestine to radiation therapy Surg Gynecol Obstet 151 1980 273 284
    • (1980) Surg Gynecol Obstet , vol.151 , pp. 273-284
    • Kinsella, T.J.1    Bloomer, W.D.2
  • 72
    • 0026090021 scopus 로고
    • Radiation proctitis: Therapy and prognosis
    • K. Buchi Radiation proctitis: therapy and prognosis JAMA 265 1991 1180 1186
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.265 , pp. 1180-1186
    • Buchi, K.1
  • 73
    • 0030037707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiation proctitis: A review
    • R.R. Babb Radiation proctitis: a review Am J Gastroenterol 91 1996 1309 1311
    • (1996) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.91 , pp. 1309-1311
    • Babb, R.R.1
  • 74
    • 77949404666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation has a long-lasting therapeutic effect in patients with chronic radiation proctitis
    • G. Karamanolis, K. Triantafyllou, Z. Tsiamoulos Argon plasma coagulation has a long-lasting therapeutic effect in patients with chronic radiation proctitis Endoscopy 41 2009 529 531
    • (2009) Endoscopy , vol.41 , pp. 529-531
    • Karamanolis, G.1    Triantafyllou, K.2    Tsiamoulos, Z.3
  • 75
    • 0021020302 scopus 로고
    • The natural history of radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis: An analysis of 88 patients
    • N.H. Gilinsky, D.G. Burns, G.O. Barbezat The natural history of radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis: an analysis of 88 patients Q J Med 52 1983 40 53
    • (1983) Q J Med , vol.52 , pp. 40-53
    • Gilinsky, N.H.1    Burns, D.G.2    Barbezat, G.O.3
  • 76
    • 17144428905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased risk of rectal cancer after prostate radiation: A population-based study
    • N.N. Baxter, J.E. Tepper, S.B. Durham Increased risk of rectal cancer after prostate radiation: a population-based study Gastroenterology 128 2005 819 824
    • (2005) Gastroenterology , vol.128 , pp. 819-824
    • Baxter, N.N.1    Tepper, J.E.2    Durham, S.B.3
  • 77
    • 0026088759 scopus 로고
    • Radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis: Prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of oral sulfasalazine plus rectal steroids versus rectal sucralfate
    • R. Kochhar, F. Patel, A. Dhar Radiation-induced proctosigmoiditis: prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled trial of oral sulfasalazine plus rectal steroids versus rectal sucralfate Dig Dis Sci 36 1991 103 107
    • (1991) Dig Dis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 103-107
    • Kochhar, R.1    Patel, F.2    Dhar, A.3
  • 78
    • 0024364464 scopus 로고
    • Failure of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas to improve chronic radiation proctitis
    • C.A. Baum, W.L. Biddle, P.B. Miner Failure of 5-aminosalicylic acid enemas to improve chronic radiation proctitis Dig Dis Sci 34 1989 758 760
    • (1989) Dig Dis Sci , vol.34 , pp. 758-760
    • Baum, C.A.1    Biddle, W.L.2    Miner, P.B.3
  • 79
    • 0030879491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-chain fatty acids in the treatment of radiation proctitis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study
    • N.A. Talley, F. Chen, D. King Short-chain fatty acids in the treatment of radiation proctitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over pilot study Dis Colon Rectum 40 1997 1046 1050
    • (1997) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.40 , pp. 1046-1050
    • Talley, N.A.1    Chen, F.2    King, D.3
  • 80
    • 47249085764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic refractory radiation proctitis: A randomized and controlled double-blind crossover trial with long-term follow-up
    • R.E. Clarke, L.M. Tenorio, J.R. Hussey Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of chronic refractory radiation proctitis: a randomized and controlled double-blind crossover trial with long-term follow-up Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 72 2008 1621
    • (2008) Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys , vol.72 , pp. 1621
    • Clarke, R.E.1    Tenorio, L.M.2    Hussey, J.R.3
  • 81
    • 79952069715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy: The optimal settings for application and long-term outcome
    • Y. Sato, T. Takayama, T. Sagawa Argon plasma coagulation treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctopathy: the optimal settings for application and long-term outcome Gastrointest Endosc 73 2011 543 549
    • (2011) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.73 , pp. 543-549
    • Sato, Y.1    Takayama, T.2    Sagawa, T.3
  • 82
    • 33846862041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of 10 percent formalin for the treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis
    • E.M. Haas, H.R. Bailey, I. Farragher Application of 10 percent formalin for the treatment of radiation-induced hemorrhagic proctitis Dis Colon Rectum 50 2007 213 217
    • (2007) Dis Colon Rectum , vol.50 , pp. 213-217
    • Haas, E.M.1    Bailey, H.R.2    Farragher, I.3
  • 83
    • 0033826401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complications following formalin installation in the treatment of radiation induced proctitis
    • A.J. Pikarsky, B. Belin, J. Efron Complications following formalin installation in the treatment of radiation induced proctitis Int J Colorectal Dis 15 2000 96 99
    • (2000) Int J Colorectal Dis , vol.15 , pp. 96-99
    • Pikarsky, A.J.1    Belin, B.2    Efron, J.3
  • 84
    • 5644300739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation as first-line treatment for chronic radiation proctopathy
    • S. Sebastian, H. O'Connor, C. O'Morain Argon plasma coagulation as first-line treatment for chronic radiation proctopathy J Gastroenterol Hepatol 19 2004 1169 1173
    • (2004) J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.19 , pp. 1169-1173
    • Sebastian, S.1    O'Connor, H.2    O'Morain, C.3
  • 85
    • 77949404666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation has a long-lasting therapeutic effect in patients with chronic radiation proctitis
    • G. Karamanolis, K. Triantafyllou, Z. Tsiamoulos Argon plasma coagulation has a long-lasting therapeutic effect in patients with chronic radiation proctitis Endoscopy 41 2009 529 531
    • (2009) Endoscopy , vol.41 , pp. 529-531
    • Karamanolis, G.1    Triantafyllou, K.2    Tsiamoulos, Z.3
  • 86
    • 34247274627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation in chronic radiation proctitis
    • A. Postgate, B. Saunders, J. Tjandra Argon plasma coagulation in chronic radiation proctitis Endoscopy 39 2007 361 365
    • (2007) Endoscopy , vol.39 , pp. 361-365
    • Postgate, A.1    Saunders, B.2    Tjandra, J.3
  • 87
    • 33746871410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic treatment of chronic radiation proctopathy
    • S.A. Wilson, D.K. Rex Endoscopic treatment of chronic radiation proctopathy Curr Opin Gastroenterol 22 2006 536 540
    • (2006) Curr Opin Gastroenterol , vol.22 , pp. 536-540
    • Wilson, S.A.1    Rex, D.K.2
  • 88
    • 10344246664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis is efficient but requires a perfect colonic cleansing to be safe
    • E. Ben-Soussan, M. Antonietti, G. Savoye Argon plasma coagulation in the treatment of hemorrhagic radiation proctitis is efficient but requires a perfect colonic cleansing to be safe Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 16 2004 1315 1318
    • (2004) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.16 , pp. 1315-1318
    • Ben-Soussan, E.1    Antonietti, M.2    Savoye, G.3
  • 89
    • 0036134272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and complications of argon plasma coagulation for hematochezia related to radiation proctopathy
    • R.T. Villavicencio, D.K. Rex, E. Rahmani Efficacy and complications of argon plasma coagulation for hematochezia related to radiation proctopathy Gastrointest Endosc 55 2002 70 74
    • (2002) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.55 , pp. 70-74
    • Villavicencio, R.T.1    Rex, D.K.2    Rahmani, E.3
  • 90
    • 77953474651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective treatment of chronic radiation proctitis using radiofrequency ablation
    • C. Zhou, D.C. Adler, L. Becker Effective treatment of chronic radiation proctitis using radiofrequency ablation Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2 2009 149 156
    • (2009) Therap Adv Gastroenterol , vol.2 , pp. 149-156
    • Zhou, C.1    Adler, D.C.2    Becker, L.3
  • 91
    • 79551672056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic radiation proctitis with cryoablation
    • J.K. Hou, S. Abudayyeh, Y. Shaib Treatment of chronic radiation proctitis with cryoablation Gastrointest Endosc 73 2011 383 389
    • (2011) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.73 , pp. 383-389
    • Hou, J.K.1    Abudayyeh, S.2    Shaib, Y.3
  • 92
    • 55949134920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing concepts in the pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
    • A.E. Ortega, N. Klipfel, R. Kelso Changing concepts in the pathogenesis, evaluation, and management of solitary rectal ulcer syndrome Am Surg 74 2008 967 972
    • (2008) Am Surg , vol.74 , pp. 967-972
    • Ortega, A.E.1    Klipfel, N.2    Kelso, R.3
  • 93
    • 70349511802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common anorectal disorders: Diagnosis and treatment
    • B.E. Lacy, K. Weiser Common anorectal disorders: diagnosis and treatment Curr Gastroenterol Rep 11 2009 413 419
    • (2009) Curr Gastroenterol Rep , vol.11 , pp. 413-419
    • Lacy, B.E.1    Weiser, K.2
  • 94
    • 27144558010 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: Endoscopic spectrum and review of the literature
    • A.I. Sharara, C. Azar, S.S. Amr Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome: endoscopic spectrum and review of the literature Gastrointest Endosc 62 2005 755 762
    • (2005) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.62 , pp. 755-762
    • Sharara, A.I.1    Azar, C.2    Amr, S.S.3
  • 96
    • 0016684387 scopus 로고
    • The solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum
    • K.R. Rutter, R.H. Riddell The solitary ulcer syndrome of the rectum Clin Gastroenterol 4 1975 505 530
    • (1975) Clin Gastroenterol , vol.4 , pp. 505-530
    • Rutter, K.R.1    Riddell, R.H.2
  • 97
    • 0014600159 scopus 로고
    • Solitary ulcer of the rectum
    • M.R. Madigan, B.C. Morson Solitary ulcer of the rectum Gut 10 1969 871 881
    • (1969) Gut , vol.10 , pp. 871-881
    • Madigan, M.R.1    Morson, B.C.2
  • 98
    • 47849110911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Associated with Sevelamer use
    • P. Madan, S. Bhayana, P. Chandra Lower gastrointestinal bleeding: associated with Sevelamer use World J Gastroenterol 14 2008 2615 2616
    • (2008) World J Gastroenterol , vol.14 , pp. 2615-2616
    • Madan, P.1    Bhayana, S.2    Chandra, P.3
  • 99
    • 0025666685 scopus 로고
    • Stercoral perforation of the colon
    • J.W. Serpell, R.J. Nicholls Stercoral perforation of the colon Br J Surg 77 1990 1325 1329
    • (1990) Br J Surg , vol.77 , pp. 1325-1329
    • Serpell, J.W.1    Nicholls, R.J.2
  • 100
    • 0001028761 scopus 로고
    • Stercoraceous ulcers of the colon: Relatively neglected medical and surgical problem
    • H.T. Grinvalsky, C.I. Bowerman Stercoraceous ulcers of the colon: relatively neglected medical and surgical problem JAMA 171 1959 1941 1946
    • (1959) JAMA , vol.171 , pp. 1941-1946
    • Grinvalsky, H.T.1    Bowerman, C.I.2
  • 101
    • 0030667716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive hematochezia from a visible vessel within a stercoral ulcer: Effective endoscopic therapy
    • K.L. Knigge, R.M. Katon Massive hematochezia from a visible vessel within a stercoral ulcer: effective endoscopic therapy Gastrointest Endosc 46 1997 369 370
    • (1997) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.46 , pp. 369-370
    • Knigge, K.L.1    Katon, R.M.2
  • 102
    • 33846914245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ischemic proctitis: Case series and literature review
    • S. Sharif, M. Hyser Ischemic proctitis: case series and literature review Am Surg 72 2006 1241 1247
    • (2006) Am Surg , vol.72 , pp. 1241-1247
    • Sharif, S.1    Hyser, M.2
  • 103
  • 105
    • 0024332312 scopus 로고
    • The endoscopic spectrum of colonic mucosal injury following aortic aneurysm resection
    • J. Scherpenisse, P.A.M. van Hees The endoscopic spectrum of colonic mucosal injury following aortic aneurysm resection Endoscopy 21 1989 174 176
    • (1989) Endoscopy , vol.21 , pp. 174-176
    • Scherpenisse, J.1    Van Hees, P.A.M.2
  • 106
  • 107
    • 7044235965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embolization for major lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage: Five-year experience
    • J. Waugh, A. Madan, N. Sacharias Embolization for major lower gastrointestinal haemorrhage: five-year experience Australas Radiol 48 2004 311 317
    • (2004) Australas Radiol , vol.48 , pp. 311-317
    • Waugh, J.1    Madan, A.2    Sacharias, N.3
  • 108
    • 0025129052 scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease
    • G. Whelan Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease Med Clin North Am 74 1990 1 12
    • (1990) Med Clin North Am , vol.74 , pp. 1-12
    • Whelan, G.1
  • 109
    • 0033217153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative colitis: An epidemiological study based on a regional inception cohort, with special reference to disease course and prognosis
    • E. Langholz Ulcerative colitis: an epidemiological study based on a regional inception cohort, with special reference to disease course and prognosis Dan Med Bull 46 1999 400 415
    • (1999) Dan Med Bull , vol.46 , pp. 400-415
    • Langholz, E.1
  • 110
    • 0000732226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical features, course, laboratory findings, and complications in ulcerative colitis
    • J.B. Kirsner, 5th ed. W.B. Saunders Philadelphia
    • P.B. Miner Jr Clinical features, course, laboratory findings, and complications in ulcerative colitis J.B. Kirsner, Inflammatory bowel disease 5th ed. 2000 W.B. Saunders Philadelphia
    • (2000) Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    • Miner, Jr.P.B.1
  • 111
    • 0026012798 scopus 로고
    • Ulcerative proctitis in central Sweden 1965-1983 - A population-based epidemiological study
    • A. Ekbom, C. Helmick, M. Zack Ulcerative proctitis in central Sweden 1965-1983 - a population-based epidemiological study Dig Dis Sci 36 1991 97 102
    • (1991) Dig Dis Sci , vol.36 , pp. 97-102
    • Ekbom, A.1    Helmick, C.2    Zack, M.3
  • 112
    • 4644265886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative proctitis
    • M.D. Regueiro Diagnosis and treatment of ulcerative proctitis J Clin Gastroenterol 38 2004 733 740
    • (2004) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.38 , pp. 733-740
    • Regueiro, M.D.1
  • 113
    • 0029901887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beclomethasone dipropionate (3 mg) versus 5-aminosalicylic acid (2 g) versus the combination of both (3 mg/2 g) as retention enemas in active ulcerative proctitis
    • C.J. Mulder, P. Fockens, J.W. Meijer Beclomethasone dipropionate (3 mg) versus 5-aminosalicylic acid (2 g) versus the combination of both (3 mg/2 g) as retention enemas in active ulcerative proctitis Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 8 1996 549 553
    • (1996) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.8 , pp. 549-553
    • Mulder, C.J.1    Fockens, P.2    Meijer, J.W.3
  • 114
    • 0031899851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of mesalazine slow-release suppositories 1 g three times per week to maintain remission in ulcerative proctitis: A randomized double blind placebo controlled multicentre study
    • P. Marteau, J. Crand, M. Foucault Use of mesalazine slow-release suppositories 1 g three times per week to maintain remission in ulcerative proctitis: a randomized double blind placebo controlled multicentre study Gut 42 1998 195 199
    • (1998) Gut , vol.42 , pp. 195-199
    • Marteau, P.1    Crand, J.2    Foucault, M.3
  • 115
    • 3242790806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of refractory ulcerative proctitis with argon plasma coagulation: Case report
    • J. Dumortier, J.Y. Scoazec, T. Ponchon Treatment of refractory ulcerative proctitis with argon plasma coagulation: case report Gastrointest Endosc 60 2004 317 319
    • (2004) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.60 , pp. 317-319
    • Dumortier, J.1    Scoazec, J.Y.2    Ponchon, T.3
  • 116
    • 0016681483 scopus 로고
    • The nature of haemorrhoids
    • W.H. Thomson The nature of haemorrhoids Br J Surg 62 1975 542 552
    • (1975) Br J Surg , vol.62 , pp. 542-552
    • Thomson, W.H.1
  • 117
    • 76649132059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic band ligation of rectal varices: A case series
    • N. Coelho-Prabhu, T.H. Baron, P.S. Kamath Endoscopic band ligation of rectal varices: a case series Endoscopy 42 2010 173 176
    • (2010) Endoscopy , vol.42 , pp. 173-176
    • Coelho-Prabhu, N.1    Baron, T.H.2    Kamath, P.S.3
  • 118
    • 33645023207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of the endoscopic therapies in the treatment of rectal varices: A retrospective comparison between injection sclerotherapy and band ligation
    • T. Sato, K. Yamazaki, J. Toyota The value of the endoscopic therapies in the treatment of rectal varices: a retrospective comparison between injection sclerotherapy and band ligation Hepatol Res 34 2006 250 255
    • (2006) Hepatol Res , vol.34 , pp. 250-255
    • Sato, T.1    Yamazaki, K.2    Toyota, J.3
  • 119
    • 0028085983 scopus 로고
    • Intractable bleeding from anorectal varices relieved by inferior mesenteric vein ligation
    • T. Yeh Jr, H.H. McGuire Jr Intractable bleeding from anorectal varices relieved by inferior mesenteric vein ligation Gastroenterology 107 1994 1165 1167
    • (1994) Gastroenterology , vol.107 , pp. 1165-1167
    • Yeh, Jr.T.1    McGuire, Jr.H.H.2
  • 120
    • 0036318191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoscopic band ligation of bleeding rectal varices
    • B. Firoozi, Z. Gamagaris, E.H. Weinshel Endoscopic band ligation of bleeding rectal varices Dig Dis Sci 47 2002 1502 1505
    • (2002) Dig Dis Sci , vol.47 , pp. 1502-1505
    • Firoozi, B.1    Gamagaris, Z.2    Weinshel, E.H.3
  • 121
    • 4644271691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bleeding ectopic varices-treatment with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) and embolisation
    • M. Vangeli, D. Patch, N. Terreni Bleeding ectopic varices-treatment with transjugular intrahepatic porto-systemic shunt (TIPS) and embolisation J Hepatol 41 2004 560 566
    • (2004) J Hepatol , vol.41 , pp. 560-566
    • Vangeli, M.1    Patch, D.2    Terreni, N.3
  • 122
    • 78049346832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Massive lower GI bleed from endoscopically inevident rectal varices: Diagnosis and management by EUS (with videos)
    • M. Sharma, A. Somasundaram Massive lower GI bleed from endoscopically inevident rectal varices: diagnosis and management by EUS (with videos) Gastrointest Endosc 72 2010 1106 1108
    • (2010) Gastrointest Endosc , vol.72 , pp. 1106-1108
    • Sharma, M.1    Somasundaram, A.2
  • 123
    • 77956798468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of acute haemorrhagic rectal ulcer, and endoscopic haemostatic treatment: A retrospective study of 95 patients
    • Y. Motomura, K. Akahoshi, N. Matsui Clinical and endoscopic characteristics of acute haemorrhagic rectal ulcer, and endoscopic haemostatic treatment: a retrospective study of 95 patients Colorectal Dis 12 2010 e320 e325
    • (2010) Colorectal Dis , vol.12
    • Motomura, Y.1    Akahoshi, K.2    Matsui, N.3
  • 124
    • 84856137476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer: An important cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the critically ill patients
    • C.K. Lin, C.C. Liang, H.T. Chang Acute hemorrhagic rectal ulcer: an important cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the critically ill patients Dig Dis Sci 56 2011 3631 3637
    • (2011) Dig Dis Sci , vol.56 , pp. 3631-3637
    • Lin, C.K.1    Liang, C.C.2    Chang, H.T.3
  • 125
    • 65649089481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late rectal complications after prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: Incidence and management
    • J. Phan, D.A. Swanson, L.B. Levy Late rectal complications after prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer: incidence and management Cancer 115 2009 1827 1839
    • (2009) Cancer , vol.115 , pp. 1827-1839
    • Phan, J.1    Swanson, D.A.2    Levy, L.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.