The Relationship between Social Defiance, Vindictiveness, Anger, and Brain Morphology in Eight-year-old Boys and Girls

Social Development

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 592-609

  Fahim, Cherine ^a,b   Fiori, Marina ^b   Evans, Alan C ^c   Pérusse, Daniel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTREAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^c MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Emotional self regulation; Gender differences; Oppositional defiant disorder; Voxel based morphometry

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863999271     PISSN: 0961205X     EISSN: 14679507     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9507.2011.00644.x     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1980). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). Washington, DC: Author.
2. American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
3. Anderson, C. A., & Bushman, B. J. (2002). Human aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27-51.
4. Anderson, S. W., Bechara, A., Damasio, H., Tranel, D., & Damasio, A. R. (1999). Impairment of social and moral behavior related to early damage in human prefrontal cortex. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 1032-1037.
5. Angold, A., & Costello, E. J. (1993). Depressive comorbidity in children and adolescents: Empirical, theoretical, and methodological issues. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1779-1791.
6. Barbey, A. K., Krueger, F., & Grafman, J. (2009). An evolutionarily adaptive neural architecture for social reasoning. Trends in Neuroscience, 32, 603-610.
7. Baving, L., Laucht, M., & Schmidt, M. H. (2000). Oppositional children differ from healthy children in frontal brain activation. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 28, 267-275.
8. Bell, H. C., Pellis, S. M., & Kolb, B. (2010). Juvenile peer play experience and the development of the orbitofrontal and medial prefrontal cortices. Behavioural Brain Research, 207, 7-13.
9. Björkqvist, K., Lagerspetz, K. M. J., & Kaukianen, A. (1992). Do girls manipulate and boys fight? Developmental trends in regard to direct and indirect aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 18, 117-127.
10. Blair, R. J. (2004). The roles of orbital frontal cortex in the modulation of antisocial behavior. Brain and Cognition, 55, 198-208.
11. Blair, R. J. (2009). Too much of a good thing: Increased grey matter in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Brain, 132, 831-832.
12. Blanton, R. E., Levitt, J. G., Thompson, P. M., Narr, K. L., Capetillo-Cunliffe, L., Nobel, A., etal. (2001). Mapping cortical asymmetry and complexity patterns in normal children. Psychiatry Research, 107, 29-43.
13. Boylan, K., Vaillancourt, T., Boyle, M., & Szatmari, P. (2007). Comorbidity of internalizing disorders in children with oppositional defiant disorder. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 16, 484-494.
14. Brendgen, M., Dionne, G., Girard, A., Boivin, M., Vitaro, F., & Perusse, D. (2005). Examining genetic and environmental effects on social aggression: A study of 6-year-old twins. Child Development, 76, 930-946.
15. Brendgen, M., Vitaro, F., Boivin, M., Girard, A., Bukowski, W. M., Dionne, G., etal. (2009). Gene-environment interplay between peer rejection and depressive behavior in children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 1009-1017.
16. Brink, T. T., Urton, K., Held, D., Kirilina, E., Hofmann, M., Klann-Delius, G., etal. (2011). The role of orbitofrontal cortex in processing empathy stories in 4-8 year-old children. Frontiers in Psychology, 2, 80.
17. Bufkin, J. L., & Luttrell, V. R. (2005). Neuroimaging studies of aggressive and violent behavior: Current findings and implications for criminology and criminal justice. Trauma Violence and Abuse, 6, 176-191.
18. Burt, A. S., Krueger, R. F., McGue, M., Iacono, W. G. (2001). Sources of covariation among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder: The importance of shared environment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 516-525.
19. Chung, M. K., Worsley, K. J., Paus, T., Cherif, C., Collins, D. L., Giedd, J. N., etal. (2001). A unified statistical approach to deformation-based morphometry. Neuroimage, 14, 595-606.
20. Chung, M. K., Worsley, K. J., Robbins, S., Paus, T., Taylor, J., Giedd, J. N., etal. (2003). Deformation-based surface morphometry applied to gray matter deformation. Neuroimage, 18, 198-213.
21. Collins, D. L., Holmes, C. J., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1995). Automatic 3-D model-based neuroanatomical segmentation. Human Brain Mapping, 3, 190-208.
22. Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., Peters, T. M., & Evans, A. C. (1994). Automatic 3D intersubject registration of MR volumetric data in standardized Talairach space. Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography, 18, 192-205.
23. Crick, N. R., & Grotpeter, J. K. (1995). Relational aggression, gender, and social-psychological adjustment. Child Development, 66, 710-722.
24. Davidson, R. J. (2003). Darwin and the neural bases of emotion and affective style. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1000, 316-336.
25. Davidson, R. J., Putnam, K. M., & Larson, C. L. (2000). Dysfunction in the neural circuitry of emotion regulation-A possible prelude to violence. Science, 289, 591-594.
26. De Brito, S. A., Mechelli, A., Wilke, M., Laurens, K. R., Jones, A. P., Barker, G. J., etal. (2009). Size matters: Increased grey matter in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits. Brain, 132, 843-852.
27. Decety, J., & Michalska, K. J. (2010). Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood. Developmental Science, 13, 886-899.
28. Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., Bates, J. E., & Valente, E. (1995). Social information-processing patterns partially mediate the effect of early physical abuse on later conduct problems. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 632-643.
29. Dubreuil, E., Ditto, B., Dionne, G., Pihl, R. O., Tremblay, R. E., Boivin, M., etal. (2003). Familiality of heart rate and cardiac-related autonomic activity in five-month-old twins: The Quebec newborn twins study. Psychophysiology, 40, 849-862.
30. Egger, H. L., & Angold, A. (2006). Common emotional and behavioral disorders in preschool children: Presentation, nosology, and epidemiology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 47, 313-337.
31. Filipek, P. A., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Steingard, R. J., Renshaw, P. F., Kennedy, D. N., & Biederman, J. (1997). Volumetric MRI analysis comparing subjects having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal controls. Neurology, 48, 589-601.
32. Forget-Dubois, N., Boivin, M., Dionne, G., Pierce, T., Tremblay, R. E., & Perusse, D. (2007). A longitudinal twin study of the genetic and environmental etiology of maternal hostile-reactive behavior during infancy and toddlerhood. Infant Behavior and Development, 30, 453-465.
33. Friston, K. J., Holmes, A. P., & Worsley, K. J. (1999). How many subjects constitute a study? Neuroimage, 10, 1-5.
34. Fu, L., Wolfson, C., Worsley, K. J., De Stefano, N., Collins, D. L., Narayanan, S., etal. (1996). Statistics for investigation of multimodal MR imaging data and an application to multiple sclerosis patients. NMR in Biomedicine, 9, 339-346.
35. Geller, B., & Luby, J. (1997). Child and adolescent bipolar disorder: A review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1168-1176.
36. Ghanizadeh, A. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidity differences in clinic-referred children and adolescents with ADHD according to the subtypes and gender. Journal of Child Neurology, 24, 679-684.
37. Goldstein, G. L., Seidman, L. J., Horton, N. J., Makris, N., Kennedy, D. N., Caviness, V. S., etal. (2001). Normal sexual dimorphism of the adult human brain assessed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging. Cerebral Cortex, 1, 490-497.
38. Greene, R. W., Ablon, J. S., & Goring, J. C. (2003). A transactional model of oppositional behavior: Underpinnings of the collaborative problem solving approach. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 55, 67-75.
39. Greene, R. W., Biederman, J., Zerwas, S., Monuteaux, M. C., Goring, J. C., & Faraone, S. V. (2002). Psychiatric comorbidity, family dysfunction, and social impairment in referred youth with oppositional defiant disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1214-1224.
40. Harada, T., Itakura, S., Xu, F., Lee, K., Nakashita, S., Saito, D. N., etal. (2009). Neural correlates of the judgment of lying: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Neuroscience Research, 63, 24-34.
41. Hare, T. A., Camerer, C. F., Knoepfle, D. T., & Rangel, A. (2010). Value computations in ventral medial prefrontal cortex during charitable decision making incorporate input from regions involved in social cognition. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 583-590.
42. Heyder, K., Suchan, B., & Daum, I. (2004). Cortico-subcortical contributions to executive control. Acta Psychologica (Amsterdam), 115, 271-289.
43. Huttenlocher, P. R., & Dabholkar, A. S. (1997). Regional differences in synaptogenesis in human cerebral cortex. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 387, 167-178.
44. Kochanska, G., Aksan, N., & Koenig, A. L. (1995). A longitudinal study of the roots of preschoolers' conscience: Committed compliance and emerging internalization. Child Development, 66, 1752-1769.
45. Lehto-Salo, P., Narhi, V., Ahonen, T., & Marttunen, M. (2009). Psychiatric comorbidity more common among adolescent females with CD/ODD than among males. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 63, 308-315.
46. Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Social cognitive neuroscience: A review of core processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 259-289.
47. Loeber, R., Green, S. M., Lahey, B. B., & Kalb, L. (2000). Physical fighting in childhood as a risk factor for later mental health problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 421-428.
48. Matthys, W., Cuperus, J. M., & Van Engeland, H. (1999). Deficient social problem-solving in boys with ODD/CD, with ADHD, and with both disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 311-321.
49. McAlonan, G. M., Cheung, V., Cheung, C., Chua, S. E., Murphy, D. G., Suckling, J., etal. (2007). Mapping brain structure in attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: A voxel-based MRI study of regional gray and white matter volume. Psychiatry Research, 154, 171-180.
50. Mega, M. S., Cummings, J. L., Salloway, S., & Malloy, P. (1997). The limbic system: An anatomic, phylogenetic, and clinical perspective. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 9, 315-330.
51. Moll, J., de Oliveira-Souza, R., Bramati, I. E., & Grafman, J. (2002). Functional networks in emotional moral and nonmoral social judgments. Neuroimage, 16, 696-703.
52. Müller, J. L., Gänßbauer, S., Sommer, M., Weber, T., Schwerdtner, J., Döhnel, K., etal. (2007). Volume loss and reduced emotion related brain function in right superior temporal gyrus in criminal psychopathy. A study using voxel-based morphometry and functional MRT. Psychiatrische Praxis, 34, S165-S167.
53. Murphy, D. A., Marelich, W. D., & Hoffman, D. (2000). Assessment of anxiety and depression in young children: Support for two separate constructs. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 383-391.
54. Nguyen, B. H., Perusse, D., Paquet, J., Petit, D., Boivin, M., Tremblay, R. E., etal. (2008). Sleep terrors in children: A prospective study of twins. Pediatrics, 122, e1164-e1167.
55. Novak, P. A., Tsushima, W. T., & Tsushima, M. M. (1991). Predictive validity of two short-forms of the WPPSI: A 3-year follow-up study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 47, 698-702.
56. Paus, T., Zijdenbos, A., Worsley, K., Collins, D. L., Blumenthal, J., Giedd, J. N., etal. (1999). Structural maturation of neural pathways in children and adolescents: In vivo study. Science, 283, 1908-1911.
57. Phillips, M. L., Drevets, W. C., Rauch, S. L., & Lane, R. (2003). Neurobiology of emotion perception I: The neural basis of normal emotion perception. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 504-514.
58. Potegal, M., & Stemmler, G. (2010). Constructing a neurology of anger. In M. Potegal, G. Stemmler, & C. D. Spielberger (Eds.), Handbook of anger (pp. 39-59). New York: Springer.
59. Pruessner, J. C., Collins, D. L., Pruessner, M., & Evans, A. C. (2001). Age and gender predict volume decline in the anterior and posterior hippocampus in early adulthood. Journal of Neuroscience, 21, 194-200.
60. Rothbart, M. K., & Derryberry, D. (1981). Development of individual differences in temperament. In M. E. Lamb & A. L. Brown (Eds.), Advances in developmental psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 37-86). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
61. Rousseau, C., Drapeau, A., Lacroix, L., Bagilishya, D., & Heusch, N. (2005). Evaluation of a classroom program of creative expression workshops for refugee and immigrant children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 46, 180-185.
62. Sled, J. G., Zijdenbos, A. P., & Evans, A. C. (1998). A nonparametric method for automatic correction of intensity nonuniformity in MRI data. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 17, 87-97.
63. Sobanski, E., Banaschewski, T., Asherson, P., Buitelaar, J., Chen, W., Franke, B., etal. (2010). Emotional lability in children and adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Clinical correlates and familial prevalence. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 915-923.
64. Steiner, H., & Remsing, L. (2007). Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46, 126-141.
65. Stifter, C. A., Spinrad, T. L., & Braungart-Rieker, J. M. (1999). Toward a developmental model of child compliance: The role of emotion regulation in infancy. Child Development, 70, 21-32.
66. Still, G. F. (2006). Some abnormal psychical conditions in children: Excerpts from three lectures. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10, 126-136.
67. Tisserand, D. J., van Boxtel, M. P., Pruessner, J. C., Hofman, P., Evans, A. C., & Jolles, J. (2004). A voxel-based morphometric study to determine individual differences in gray matter density associated with age and cognitive change over time. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 966-973.
68. Toga, A. W., & Thompson, P. M. (2001). Maps of the brain. The Anatomical Record, 265, 37-53.
69. Toga, A. W., Thompson, P. M., Mega, M. S., Narr, K. L., & Blanton, R. E. (2001). Probabilistic approaches for atlasing normal and disease-specific brain variability. Anatomy and Embryology (Berlin), 204, 267-282.
70. Valla, J. P., Bergeron, L., Berube, H., Gaudet, N. S., & St-Georges, M. (1994). A structured pictorial questionnaire to assess DSM-III-R-based diagnoses in children (6-11 years): Development, validity, and reliability. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 22, 403-423.
71. Valla, J. P., Bergeron, L., & Smolla, N. (2000). The Dominic-R: A pictorial interview for 6- to 11-year-old children. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 85-93.
72. Watkins, K. E., Paus, T., Lerch, J. P., Zijdenbos, A., Collins, D. L., Neelin, P., etal. (2001). Structural asymmetries in the human brain: A voxel-based statistical analysis of 142 MRI scans. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 868-877.
73. Wechsler, D. (1989). Wechsler preschool and primary scale of intelligence-revised. San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
74. Weinberger, D. R. (1993). A connectionist approach to the prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 5, 241-253.
75. Whitmore, E. A., Mikulich, S. K., Thompson, L. L., Riggs, P. D., Aarons, G. A., & Crowley, T. J. (1997). Influences on adolescent substance dependence: Conduct disorder, depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and gender. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 47, 87-97.
76. Wood, J. N. (2003). Social cognition and the prefrontal cortex. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 2, 97-114.
77. Worsley, K. J., Taylor, J. E., Tomaiuolo, F., & Lerch, J. (2004). Unified univariate and multivariate random field theory. Neuroimage, 23 (Suppl 1), S189-S195.
78. Wright, I. C., McGuire, P. K., Poline, J. B., Travere, J. M., Murray, R. M., Frith, C. D., etal. (1995). A voxel-based method for the statistical analysis of gray and white matter density applied to schizophrenia. Neuroimage, 2, 244-252.
79. Yoon, U., Fahim, C., Perusse, D., & Evans, A. C. (2010). Lateralized genetic and environmental influences on human brain morphology of 8-year-old twins. Neuroimage, 53, 1117-1125. [Epub ahead of print].
80. Zijdenbos, A. P., Forghani, R., & Evans, A. C. (2002). Automatic 'pipeline' analysis of 3-D MRI data for clinical trials: Application to multiple sclerosis. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging, 21, 1280-1291.