An analysis of existing data for W air, I c and the product W airs c,air

Metrologia

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 507-512

  Burns, David ^a  

^a PAVILLON DE BRETEUIL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEST ESTIMATES; DENSITY EFFECTS; DRY AIR; GRAIN DENSITY; ION PAIRS; MEAN ENERGY; MEAN EXCITATION ENERGY; PRIMARY STANDARDS; SELF-CONSISTENT VALUES; STANDARD UNCERTAINTY; STOPPING POWER;

GRAPHITE;

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS;

EID: 84863956161     PISSN: 00261394     EISSN: 16817575     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0026-1394/49/4/507     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Burns D T and Büermann L 2009 Free-air ionization chambers Metrologia 46 S9-23
2. Büermann L and Burns D T 2009 Air kerma cavity standards Metrologia 46 S24-39
3. CCEMRI 1985 Report of the 11th session (Sèvres: Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) R131-2
4. ICRU 1984 Stopping Powers for Electrons and Positrons ICRU Report 37
5. c,air and cavity perturbation corrections Metrologia 46 585-90
6. 60Co air kerma standards Phys. Med. Biol. 55 3577-95
7. Seltzer S M and Bergstrom P M 2003 Changes in the U.S. primary standards for the air kerma from gamma-ray beams J. Res. Natl Inst. Stand. Technol. 108 359-81
8. Salvat F, Fernandez-Varea J M, Acosta E and Sempau J 2003 PENELOPE - A code system for Monte Carlo simulation of electron and photon transport Workshop Proc. (Issy-les-Moulineaux, France, 7-10 July 2003) (Paris: OECD)
9. Burns D T 2006 A new approach to the determination of air kerma using primary-standard cavity ionization chambers Phys. Med. Biol. 51 929-42
10. MacPherson M S 1998 Accurate measurements of the collision stopping powers for 5 to 30 MeV electrons Technical Report PIRS-626 National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
11. Bichsel H and Hiraoka T 1992 Energy loss of 70 MeV protons in elements Nucl. Instrum Methods Phys. Res. B 66 345-51
12. Sakamoto N, Ogawa H and Shiomi-Tsuda N 1996 Stopping powers of carbon for protons from 4 to 13 MeV Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 115 84-7 (Pubitemid 126363422)
13. Büermann L and Hilgers G 2007 Significant discrepancies in air kerma rates measured with free-air and cavity ionization chambers Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 580 477-80 (Pubitemid 47331881)
14. Büermann L, Grosswendt B, Kramer H-M, Selbach H-J, Gerlach M, Hoffmann M and Krumrey M 2006 Measurement of the x-ray mass energy-absorption coefficient of air using 3 keV to 10 keV synchrotron radiation Phys. Med. Biol. 51 5125-50 (Pubitemid 44540122)
15. Waibel E and Grosswendt B 1978 Determination of W values and backscatter coefficients for slow electrons in air Radiat. Res. 76 241-9 (Pubitemid 9037665)
16. air values Report PIRS-363 National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa
17. Boutillon M and Perroche-Roux A M 1987 Re-evaluation of the W value for electrons in dry air Phys. Med. Biol. 32 213-19 (Pubitemid 17040369)
18. air for sulfur-35 beta rays Radiat. Res. 7 558-69
19. Gross W, Wingate C and Failla G 1957 Average energy lost by sulphur-35 beta rays per ion pair produced in air Radiat. Res. 7 570-80
20. 35 Phys. Rev. 109 2002-4
21. Myers I T, Le Blanc W H, Fleming D M and Wyckoff H O 1961 An adiabatic calorimeter for high precision source standardization Radiat. Res. 14 488-9
22. Ross C and Cojocaru C private communication
23. Domen S R and Lamperti P J 1976 Comparisons of calorimetric and ionometric measurements in graphite irradiated with electrons from 15 to 50 MeV Med. Phys. 3 294-301
24. Svensson H and Brahme A 1986 Recent advances in electron and photon dosimetry Radiation Dosimetry ed C G Orton (New York: Plenum) pp 87-168
25. Büermann L, Gargioni E, Hilgers G and Krauss A 2007 Comparison of ionometric and calorimetric determination of absorbed dose to water for cobalt-60 gamma rays Workshop on Absorbed Dose and Air Kerma Primary Standards (LNE, Paris, 9-11 May) published online: http://www.nucleide.org/ADAKPS-WS/ Session%20H%20-%20IC%20Absorbed%20Dose/H3-Or-Buermann.pdf
26. The BIPM key comparison database (KCDB) is available online at http://kcdb.bipm.org
27. 60Co gamma radiation Metrologia 44 L53-6 (Pubitemid 350212291)
28. Burns D T, Kessler C and Roger P 2007 Air-kerma determination using a variable-volume cavity ionization chamber standard Phys. Med. Biol. 52 7125-35 (Pubitemid 350150635)
29. Picard S, Burns D T and Roger P 2009 Construction of an absorbed-dose graphite calorimeter Rapport BIPM-2009/01 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sèvres
30. c,air using the BIPM graphite calorimeter CCRI Report CCRI(I)/2011-03 Bureau International des Poids et Mesures, Sèvres
31. Birge R T 1932 The calculation of errors by the method of least squares Phys. Rev. 40 207-27