SPECT/CT scans allow precise anatomical location of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer and redefine lymphatic drainage from the breast to the axilla

Breast

Volumn 21, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 480-486

  Uren, R F ^a,b   Howman Giles, R ^a,b   Chung, D K V ^a,b   Spillane, A J ^b,c   Noushi, F ^b,c   Gillett, D ^b,d   Gluch, L ^b,d   Mak, C ^a,b   West, R ^a,b   Briody, J ^e   Carmalt, H ^a,b  

^a ROYAL PRINCE ALFRED HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

^c ROYAL NORTH SHORE HOSPITAL   (Australia)

^d Strathfield Private Hospital   (Australia)

^e CHILDREN S HOSPITAL AT WESTMEAD   (Australia)

Author keywords

Axilla; Breast cancer; Sentinel node; SPECT CT lymphoscintigraphy

Indexed keywords

ANTIMONY TECHNETIUM SULFIDE TC 99M;

ARTICLE; AXILLA; BREAST AREOLA; BREAST CANCER; CANCER LOCALIZATION; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY SCANNER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; HUMAN; IMAGE ANALYSIS; LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE; LYMPHOSCINTIGRAPHY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCINTILLATION CAMERA; SENTINEL LYMPH NODE; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY;

EID: 84863859841     PISSN: 09609776     EISSN: 15323080     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2011.11.007     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Cruikshank W. The anatomy of the absorbing vessels of the human body 1786, G. Nicol, London.
2. Mascagni P. Vasorum lymphaticorum corporis humani historia et ichnographia 1787, P. Carli, Sienne.
3. Sappey M. Anatomie, physiologie, pathologie des vaisseaux lymphatiques consideres chez l'homme et les vertebres 1874, DeLahaye, A, Lecrosnier, E, Paris.
4. Rouviere H. Anatomy of the human lymphatic system 1938, Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, MI.
5. Turner-Warwick R.T. The lymphatics of the breast. Br J Surg 1959, 46:574-582.
6. Saito A.I., Vargas C., Benda R., Morris C.G., Mendenhall N.P. Is the Berg axillary lymph node categorization useful in the 3D environment?. Am J Clin Oncol 2007, 30:69-77.
7. Blumgart E.I., Uren R.F., Nielsen P.M., Nash M.P., Reynolds H.M. Lymphatic drainage and tumour prevalence in the breast: a statistical analysis of symmetry, gender and node field independence. J Anat 2011, 218:652-659.
8. Armitage P., Berry G. Statistical methods in medical research 1994, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford; Boston.
9. Aarsvold J.N., Alazraki N.P. Update on detection of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2005, 35:116-128.
10. Allweis T.M., Badriyyah M., Bar Ad V., Cohen T., Freund H.R. Current controversies in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. Breast 2003, 12:163-171.
11. Cody H.S., Fey J., Akhurst T., Fazzari M., Mazumdar M., Yeung H., et al. Complementarity of blue dye and isotope in sentinel node localization for breast cancer: univariate and multivariate analysis of 966 procedures. Ann Surg Oncol 2001, 8:13-19.
12. Goyal A., Newcombe R.G., Mansel R.E., Chetty U., Ell P., Fallowfield L., et al. Role of routine preoperative lymphoscintigraphy in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2005, 41:238-243.
13. Hsueh E.C., Turner R.R., Glass E.C., Brenner R.J., Brennan M.B., Giuliano A.E. Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer. J Am Coll Surg 1999, 189:207-213.
14. Krag D., Weaver D., Ashikaga T., Moffat F., Klimberg V.S., Shriver C., et al. The sentinel node in breast cancer-a multicenter validation study. N Engl J Med 1998, 339:941-946.
15. Lyman G.H., Giuliano A.E., Somerfield M.R., Benson A.B., Bodurka D.C., Burstein H.J., et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology guideline recommendations for sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005, 23:7703-7720.
16. Noguchi M. Current controversies concerning sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004, 84:261-271.
17. Roumen R.M., Geuskens L.M., Valkenburg J.G. In search of the true sentinel node by different injection techniques in breast cancer patients. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999, 25:347-351.
18. Tafra L., Lannin D.R., Swanson M.S., Van Eyk J.J., Verbanac K.M., Chua A.N., et al. Multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer using both technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye. Ann Surg 2001, 233:51-59.
19. Tuttle T.M. Technical advances in sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer. Am Surg 2004, 70:407-413.
20. Uren R.F., Howman-Giles R.B., Thompson J.F., Malouf D., Ramsey-Stewart G., Niesche F.W., et al. Mammary lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer. J Nucl Med 1995, 36:1775-1780.
21. Zurrida S., Galimberti V., Orvieto E., Robertson C., Ballardini B., Cremonesi M., et al. Radioguided sentinel node biopsy to avoid axillary dissection in breast cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2000, 7:28-31.
22. Schmidt M., Gardner P., Redlich P. Breast lymphoscintigraphy: high volume injection technique improves sentinel lymph node visualisation. J Nucl Med 1998, 39:25.
23. Klimberg V.S., Rubio I.T., Henry R., Cowan C., Colvert M., Korourian S. Subareolar versus peritumoral injection for location of the sentinel lymph node. Ann Surg 1999, 229:860-864. discussion 864-865.
24. Boolbol S.K., Fey J.V., Borgen P.I., Heerdt A.S., Montgomery L.L., Paglia M., et al. Intradermal isotope injection: a highly accurate method of lymphatic mapping in breast carcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2001, 8:20-24.
25. Linehan D.C., Hill A.D., Akhurst T., Yeung H., Yeh S.D., Tran K.N., et al. Intradermal radiocolloid and intraparenchymal blue dye injection optimize sentinel node identification in breast cancer patients. Ann Surg Oncol 1999, 6:450-454.
26. Martin R.C., Derossis A.M., Fey J., Yeung H., Yeh S.D., Akhurst T., et al. Intradermal isotope injection is superior to intramammary in sentinel node biopsy for breast cancer. Surgery 2001, 130:432-438.
27. McMasters K.M., Wong S.L., Martin R.C., Chao C., Tuttle T.M., Noyes R.D., et al. Dermal injection of radioactive colloid is superior to peritumoral injection for breast cancer sentinel lymph node biopsy: results of a multiinstitutional study. Ann Surg 2001, 233:676-687.
28. Sandrucci S., Mussa A. Sentinel lymph node biopsy and axillary staging of T1-T2 N0 breast cancer: a multicenter study. Semin Surg Oncol 1998, 15:278-283.
29. Veronesi U., Paganelli G., Galimberti V., Viale G., Zurrida S., Bedoni M., et al. Sentinel-node biopsy to avoid axillary dissection in breast cancer with clinically negative lymph-nodes. Lancet 1997, 349:1864-1867.
30. Chung A., Yu J., Stempel M., Patil S., Cody H., Montgomery L. Is the " 10% rule" equally valid for all subsets of sentinel-node-positive breast cancer patients?. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15:2728-2733.
31. Spillane A.J., Noushi F., Cooper R.A., Gebski V., Uren R.F. High-resolution lymphoscintigraphy is essential for recognition of the significance of internal mammary nodes in breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2009, 20:977-984.
32. Suami H., Pan W.R., Mann G.B., Taylor G.I. The lymphatic anatomy of the breast and its implications for sentinel lymph node biopsy: a human cadaver study. Ann Surg Oncol 2008, 15:863-871.
33. Tanis P.J., Nieweg O.E., Valdes Olmos R.A., Kroon B.B. Anatomy and physiology of lymphatic drainage of the breast from the perspective of sentinel node biopsy. J Am Coll Surg 2001, 192:399-409.
34. Noushi F., Spillane A.J., Uren R.F., Gebski V. Internal mammary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: predictive models to assist with prognostic influence. Breast 2011, 20:278-283.
35. Borgstein P.J., Meijer S., Pijpers R. Intradermal blue dye to identify sentinel lymph-node in breast cancer. Lancet 1997, 349:1668-1669.
36. Kern K.A. Sentinel lymph node mapping in breast cancer using subareolar injection of blue dye. J Am Coll Surg 1999, 189:539-545.
37. van der Ent F.W., Kengen R.A., van der Pol H.A., Hoofwijk A.G. Sentinel node biopsy in 70 unselected patients with breast cancer: increased feasibility by using 10 mCi radiocolloid in combination with a blue dye tracer. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999, 25:24-29.
38. Rodier J.F., Velten M., Wilt M., Martel P., Ferron G., Vaini-Elies V., et al. Prospective multicentric randomized study comparing periareolar and peritumoral injection of radiotracer and blue dye for the detection of sentinel lymph node in breast sparing procedures: FRANSENODE trial. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:3664-3669.
39. Veronesi U., Galimberti V., Paganelli G., Maisonneuve P., Viale G., Orecchia R., et al. Axillary metastases in breast cancer patients with negative sentinel nodes: a follow-up of 3548 cases. Eur J Cancer 2009, 45:1381-1388.
40. Giuliano A.E., Hunt K.K., Ballman K.V., Beitsch P.D., Whitworth P.W., Blumencranz P.W., et al. Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in women with invasive breast cancer and sentinel node metastasis: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2011, 305:569-575.
41. Giuliano A.E., McCall L., Beitsch P., Whitworth P.W., Blumencranz P., Leitch A.M., et al. Locoregional recurrence after sentinel lymph node dissection with or without axillary dissection in patients with sentinel lymph node metastases: the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 randomized trial. Ann Surg 2010, 252:426-432. discussion 432-423.