Analysis of an Egyptian study on the socioeconomic distribution of depressive symptoms among undergraduates

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 47, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 927-937

  Ibrahim, Ahmed K ^a,b   Kelly, Shona J ^c   Glazebrook, Cris ^b  

^a Assiut University Faculty of Medicine   (Egypt)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

Depressive symptoms; Socioeconomic factors; University students

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DEPRESSION; EGYPT; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMICS; STATISTICS; STUDENT;

DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; EGYPT; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS; STUDENTS;

EID: 84863727206     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0400-x     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) (2009) Depression and suicide among college students: a fact sheet for physicians. http://www.nimh.nih.gov. Accessed 10 Oct 2010
2. Bayram N, Bilgel N (2008) The prevalence and socio-demographic correlations of depression, anxiety and stress among a group of university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43(8):667-672
3. Feryal C, Unal E (2008) Factors related to depressive symptoms and hopelessness among university students. Arch Neuropsychiatry 45:122-129
4. Ovuga E, Boardman J, Wasserman D (2006) Undergraduate student mental health at Makerere University, Uganda. World Psychiatry 5(1):51-52
5. Young C, Fang D, Zisook S (2010) Depression in Asian-American and Caucasian undergraduate students. J Affect Disord 125:379-382
6. Christensson A, Runeson B, Dickman P, Vaez M (2010) Change in depressive symptoms over higher education and professional establishment-a longitudinal investigation in a national cohort of Swedish nursing students. BMC Public Health 10:343-355
7. Goebert D, Thompson D, Takeshita J, Bryson P et al (2009) Depressive symptoms in medical students and residents: a multischool study. USA Acad Med 84:236-241
8. Song Y, Huang Y, Liu D, Kwan J, Zhang F, Sham P et al (2008) Depression in college: depressive symptoms and personality factors in Beijing and Hong Kong college freshmen. Compr Psychiatry 49:496-502
9. Dahlin M, Runeson B (2005) Stress and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. Med Educ 39:594-604
10. Lorant V, Deliege D, Eaton W, Robert A, Philipott P (2003) Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a metaanalysis. Am J Epidemiol 157:98-112
11. Archer L, Ross A (2003) Higher education and social class. Routledge Falmer, London
12. Ritcher J, Warner V, Johnson J, Dohrenwend B (2001) Intergenerational study of social class and depression: a test of social causation and social selection models. Br J Psychiatry 178(40):84-90
13. Mikolajczyk R, Maxwell A, El Ansari W, Naydenova V, Stock C (2008) Prevalence of depressive symptoms in university students from Germany, Denmark, Poland and Bulgaria. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:105-112
14. Steptoe A, Tsuda A, Tanaka Y, Wardle J (2007) Depressive symptoms, Socio-economic background, sense of control, and cultural factors in University students from 23 countries. Int J Behav Med 14(2):97-107
15. Liberatos P, Link G, Kelsey L (1988) The measurement of social class in epidemiology. The Johns Hopkins University. Epidemiol Rev 10:87-121
16. Lorant V, Croux C, Weich S, Deliege D, Delie J, Ansseau M (2007) Depression and socio-economic risk factors: 7-year longitudinal population study. Br J Psychiatry 190:293-298
17. Ibrahim A, Kelly S, Glazebrook C (2011) Reliability and validity of an Arabic version of Hamilton Depression Scale in an Egyptian University student sample. J Compr Psychiatry (in press)
18. Hamilton M (1960) A rating scale for depression. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 23:56
19. Carroll B, Feinberg M, Smouse P, Rawson S, Greden J (1981) The Carroll Rating Scale for depression, development, reliability and validation. Br J Psychiatry 138:194-200
20. Fawzi M, El-Maghraby Z, El-Amin H, Sahloul M (1982) The Zagazig Depression Scale Manual. El-Nahda El-Massriya, Cairo. (Arabic)
21. Fawzy M (1982) Depression among the elderly patients of the outpatient psychiatric clinics (Arabic). The international conference of the geriatric mental health Cairo, Egypt
22. Shaheen O, Fawzi M (1985) Further assessment of a new selfrating scale for depression: Zagazig Depression Scale (Arabic). Egypt J Mental Health 26(1):73-91
23. Ibrahim A, Kelly S, Challenor C, Glazebrook C (2010) Establishing the reliability and validity of the Zagazig Depression Scale in a UK student population: an online pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 10(107):1-20
24. Abd-El-Twab M (1998) Socio-economic scale for family, revised edition. Asyut University, Asyut
25. El-Sayeh A (1991) Epidemiology and symptomatology of depression in an upper Egyptian community. Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
26. WHO (1994) Sample size and power. In: Wingo P, Higgins J, Rubin S, Zahniser C (eds) An epidemiological approach to reproductive health. WHO, Geneva
27. STATA (2008) Data analysis and Statistical Software. Ver.10.1, Standard version. In: Copyright-StataCorp LP (eds)
28. Ngui E, Khasakhala L, Ndetei D, Roberts L (2010) Mental disorders, health inequalities and ethics: a global perspective. Int Rev Psychiatry 22(3):235-244
29. Elmahdy M (2008) African higher education: an international reference handbook, vol 1. Boston College Center for International Higher Education and Association of African Universities, Boston, p 584
30. El-Gendawy S, Hadhood M, Shams R, Ibrahim A (2005) Epidemiological aspects of depression among Assiut University students. Assiut Med J 29(2):81-89
31. Bayati A, Beigi M, Salehi M (2009) Depression prevalence and related factors in Iranian students. Pak J Biol Sci 12:1371-1375
32. Arslan G, Ayranci U, Unsal A, Arslantas D (2009) Prevalence of depression, its correlates among students, and its effect on healthrelated quality of life in a Turkish university. Ups J Med Sci 114(3):170-177
33. Hudson C (2005) Socioeconomic status and mental illness: tests of the social causation and selection hypotheses. Am J Orthopsychiatry 75(1):3-18
34. Bostanci M, Ozdel O, Oguzhanoglu N, Ozdel L, Ergin A, Ergin N et al (2005) Depressive symptomatology among university students in Denizli, Turkey: prevalence and sociodemographic correlates. Croat Med J 46(1):96-100
35. Huurre T, Rahkonen O, Komulainen E, Aro H (2005) Socioeconomic status as a cause and consequence of psychosomatic symptoms from adolescence to adulthood. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:580-587
36. Jamil H, Grzybowski M, Hakim-Larson J, Fakhouri M, Sahutoglu J et al (2008) Factors associated with self-reported depression in Arab, Chaldean, and African Americans. Ethn Dis 18:464-470
37. Roh M, Jeon HMH, Han S, Bong-Jin H (2010) The prevalence and impact of depression among medical students: a nationwide cross-sectional study in South Korea. Acad Med 85(8):1384-1390
38. Ghanem M et al (2009) Development and validation of the Arabic version of the mini international neuropsychiatry interview. East Mediterr Health J 12(1):30-39
39. Gonzalez O, Berry J, McKnighty L, Strine T et al (2010) Current depression among adults-United States, 2006 and 2008. MMWR 59(38):1229-1235
40. Inam S, Saqib A, Alam E (2003) Prevalence of anxiety and depression among medical students of private university. J Pak Med Assoc 53(2):44-47
41. Nicholson A, Pikhart H, Pajak A, Malyutina S, Kubinova R, Peasey A (2008) Socio-economic status over the life-course and depressive symptoms in men and women in Eastern Europe. J Affect Disord 105:125-136
42. O'Neil M, Lancee W, Freeman S (1985) Sex differences in depressed university students. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 20(4):186-190
43. Schwenk T, Davis L, Wimsatt L (2010) Depression, stigma, and suicidal ideation in medical students. JAMA 304(11):1181-1190
44. Jadoon N, Yaqoob R, Raza A, Shehzad M, Zeshan S (2010) Anxiety and depression among medical students: a cross-sectional study. J Pak Med Assoc 60(8):699-702
45. Lin H, Tang T, Yen J, Ko C (2008) Depression and its association with self-esteem, family, peer and school factors in a population of adolescents in southern Taiwan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 62:412-420
46. Kaya M, Genç M, Kaya B, Pehlivan E (2007) Prevalence of depressive symptoms, ways of coping, and related factors among medical school and health services higher education students. Turk Psikiyatri Derg 18(2):137-146
47. Rab F, Mamdou R, Nasir S (2008) Rates of depression and anxiety among female medical students in Pakistan. East Mediterr Health J 14(1):126-133
48. Helmers K, Danoff D, Steinert Y, Leyton M, Young S (1997) Stress and depressed mood in medical students, law students, and graduate students at McGill University. Acad Med 72:708-714
49. Curran T, Gawley E, Gill M, Crumlish N (2009) Depression, suicidality and alcohol abuse among medical and business students. Ir Med J 102(8):249-252
50. World Bank (2009) World Development Report 2009/2010: Attacking Poverty, Oxford University Press, New York
51. Ghanem M, Gadallah M, Mey F (2009) National Survey of Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Egypt: preliminary survey. East Mediterr Health J 15(1):65-75
52. El-Gilany A, Amr M, Hammad S (2008) Perceived stress among male medical students in Egypt and Saudi Arabia: effect of sociodemographic factors. Ann Saudi Med 28(6):442-448
53. Araya A, Lewis G, Rojas G, Fritsch R (2003) Education and income: which is more important for mental health? J Epidemiol Community Health 57:501-505