Depressive symptoms in the Belgian population: Disentangling age and cohort effects

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology

Volumn 47, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 903-915

  Brault, Marie Christine ^a   Meuleman, Bart ^b   Bracke, Piet ^c  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DE MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEUVEN   (Belgium)

^c GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Age effects; Belgium; Cohort effects; Depressive symptoms; Growth curve modelling

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; COHORT ANALYSIS; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DEMOGRAPHY; DEPRESSION; FEMALE; GROWTH CURVE; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; LONGITUDINAL STUDY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; QUESTIONNAIRE; SOCIAL CLASS;

ACTIVITIES OF DAILY LIVING; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; AGED; AGING; BELGIUM; COHORT STUDIES; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER; FEMALE; GROWTH CHARTS; HUMANS; LONGITUDINAL STUDIES; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESIDENCE CHARACTERISTICS; SOCIAL CLASS;

EID: 84863723974     PISSN: 09337954     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-011-0398-0     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Mathers CD, Loncar D (2006) Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med 3(11):2011-2030
2. Baumeister H, Harter M (2007) Prevalence of mental disorders based on general population surveys. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42(7):537-546
3. Wittchen HU, Jacobi F (2005) Size and burden of mental disorders in Europe-a critical review and appraisal of 27 studies. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 15(4):357-376
4. Kessler R, Birnbaum H, Shahly V, Bromet E, Hwang I, McLaughlin K, Sampson N, Andrade L, de Girolamo G, Demyttenaere K (2009) Age differences in the prevalence and comorbidity of dsm-iv major depressive episodes: results from the who world mental health survey initiative. Depress Anxiety 0:1-14
5. Fombonne E (1994) Increased rates of depression: update of epidemiological findings and analytical problems. Acta Psychiatr Scand 90(3):145-156
6. Twenge J, Gentile B, DeWall C, Ma D, Lacefield K, Schurtz D (2010) Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938-2007: a cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clin Psychol Rev 30:145-154
7. Wauterickx N, Bracke P (2005) Unipolar depression in the belgian population-trends and sex differences in an eight-wave sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40(9):691-699
8. Riley M (1973) Aging and cohort succession: interpretations and misinterpretations. Public Opin Q 37(1):35-49
9. Riley M (1987) On the significance of age in sociology. Am Sociol Rev 52(1):1-14
10. Ryder NB (1965) The cohort as a concept in the study of socialchange. Am Sociol Rev 30(6):843-861
11. Yang Y (2007) Is old age depressing? Growth trajectories and cohort variations in late-life depression. J Health Soc Behav 48(1):16
12. Mirowsky J, Ross C (1992) Age and depression. J Health Soc Behav 33(3):187-205
13. Klerman G (1988) The current age of youthful melancholia. Evidence for increase in depression among adolescents and young adults. Br J Psychiatry 152(1):4
14. Jorm A (2000) Does old age reduce the risk of anxiety and depression? A review of epidemiological studies across the adult life span. Psychol Med 30(01):11-22
15. Jorm A, Windsor T, Dear K, Anstey K, Christensen H, Rodgers B (2005) Age group differences in psychological distress: the role of psychosocial risk factors that vary with age. Psychol Med 35(09):1253-1263
16. Kessler R, Birnbaum H, Bromet E, Hwang I, Sampson N, Shahly V (2010) Age differences in major depression: results from the national comorbidity survey replication (ncs-r). Psychol Med 40(02):225-237
17. Scott K, Von Korff M, Alonso J, Angermeyer M, Bromet E, Bruffaerts R, de Girolamo G, de Graaf R, Fernandez A, Gureje O (2008) Age patterns in the prevalence of dsm-iv depressive/anxiety disorders with and without physical co-morbidity. Psychol Med 38(11):1659-1669
18. Stordal E, Krüger M, Dahl N, Krüger Ø, Mykletun A, Dahl A (2001) Depression in relation to age and gender in the general population: the nord-trøndelag health study (hunt). Acta Psychiatr Scand 104(3):210-216
19. Stordal E, Mykletun A, Dahl A (2003) The association between age and depression in the general population: a multivariate examination. Acta Psychiatr Scand 107(2):132-141
20. Yang Y, Lee L (2009) Sex and race disparities in health: cohort variations in life course patterns. Soc Forces 87(4):2093-2124
21. Eckersley R (2006) Is modern western culture a health hazard? Int J Epidemiol 35(2):252
22. Murphy J, Laird N, Monson R, Sobol A, Leighton A (2000) Incidence of depression in the stirling county study: historical and comparative perspectives. Psychol Med 30(03):505-514
23. Roberts R, Lee E, Roberts C (1991) Changes in prevalence of depressive symptoms in alameda county: age, period, and cohort trends. J Aging Health 3(1):66-86
24. Bonnewyn A, Bruffaerts R, Vilagut G, Almansa J, Demyttenaere K (2007) Lifetime risk and age-of-onset of mental disorders in the belgian general population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42(7):522-529
25. Klerman G, Weissman MM (1989) Increasing rates of depression. JAMA 261(15):2229-2235
26. Kessler R, McGonagle K, Nelson C, Hughes M, Swartz M, Blazer D (1994) Sex and depression in the national comorbidity survey II: cohort effects. J Affect Disord 30(1):15-26
27. Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR, Fischer SA (1993) Agecohort changes in the lifetime occurrence of depression and other mental-disorders. J Abnorm Psychol 102(1):110-120
28. Chen H, Cohen P, Kasen S (2007) Cohort differences in self-rated health: evidence from a three-decade, community-based, longitudinal study of women. Am J Epidemiol 166(4):439-446
29. Kasen S, Cohen P, Chen H, Castille D (2003) Depression in adult women: age changes and cohort effects. Am J Public Health 93(12):2061-2066
30. Elder GH (1998) The life course as developmental theory. Child Dev 69(1):1-12
31. Gallo JJ, Anthony JC, Muthen BO (1994) Age-differences in the symptoms of depression-a latent trait analysis. J Gerontol 49(6):P251-P264
32. Bracke P, Wauterickx N (2003) Complaints of depression in a representative sample of the belgian population. Arch Pub Health 61(5):223-247
33. Graham JW (2009) Missing data analysis: making it work in the real world. Annu Rev Psychol 60:549-576
34. McKnight PE, McKnight KM, Sidani S, Figueredo AJ (2007) Missing data: a gentle introduction. The Guilford Press, New York
35. Rubin DB (1996) Multiple imputation after 18 ? years. J Am Stat Assoc 91(434):473-489
36. Schafer J (1997) Analysis of incomplete multivariate data. Chapman & Hall/CRC
37. Graham JW, Olchowski AE, Gilreath TD (2007) How many imputations are really needed? Some practical clarifications of multiple imputation theory. Prev Sci 8(3):206-213
38. Verbeke G, Molenberghs G (2000) Linear mixed models for longitudinal data. Springer, New York
39. Buhi ER, Goodson P, Neilands TB (2008) Out of sight, not out of mind: Strategies for handling missing data. Am J Health Behav 32(1):83-92
40. Shrive F, Stuart H, Quan H, Ghali W (2006) Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: a comparison of imputation methods. BMC Med Res Methodol 6(1):57
41. Moos RH, Cronkite RC, Billings AG, Finney JW (1985) Health and daily living form manual, revised version. Social Ecological Laboratory, Veterans Administration and Stanford University Medical Centers, Stanford
42. Angst J, Gamma A, Gastpar M, Lepine JP, Mendlewicz J, Tylee A (2002) Gender differences in depression-epidemiological findings from the European DEPRES I and II studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 252(5):201-209
43. Bracke P (1996) Geslachtsverschillen in depressief gedrag in een representatieve steekproef van de vlaamse bevolking: De validiteit van een zelf-rapportageschaal. Arch Pub Health 54(7-8):275-300
44. Bracke P (1998) Sex differences in the course of depression: evidence from a longitudinal study of a representative sample of the Belgian population. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 33(9):420-429
45. Bracke P (2000) The three-year persistence of depressive symptoms in men and women. Soc Sci Med 51(1):51-64
46. Schlomer GL, Bauman S, Card NA (2010) Best practices for missing data management in counseling psychology. J Couns Psychol 57(1):1
47. Raudenbush SW, Chan WS (1992) Growth curve analysis in accelerated longitudinal designs. J Res Crime Del 29(4):387
48. Van de Velde S, Bracke P, Levecque K, Meuleman B (2010) Gender differences in depression in 25 European countries after eliminating measurement bias in the CES-D 8. Soc Sci Res 39(3):396-404
49. Zimmerman F, Katon W (2005) Socioeconomic status, depression disparities, and financial strain: what lies behind the incomedepression relationship? Health Econ 14(12):1197-1215
50. Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS (2002) Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. Advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences, vol 1, 2nd edn. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks
51. Singer J, Willett J (2003) Applied longitudinal data analysis: modeling change and event occurrence. Oxford University Press, USA
52. Boyle MH, Willms JD (2001) Multilevel modelling of hierarchical data in developmental studies. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 42(1):141-162
53. Twenge J (2000) The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952-1993. J Pers Soc Psychol 79(6):1007-1021
54. Ehrenberg A (1998) La fatigue d'etre soi : Dépression et société. O. Jacob, Paris
55. Schwartz B (2004) The tyranny of choice. Scientific American Mind, pp 71-75
56. Whitley R (2008) Postmodernity and mental health. Harv Rev Psychiatry 16(6):352-364
57. Horwitz A, Wakefield J (2009) The medicalization of sadness: how psychiatry transformed a natural emotion into a mental disorder. Salute e Societá 8(2):49-66
58. Rose N (2003) Neurochemical selves. Society 41(1):46-59
59. Colla J, Buka S, Harrington D, Murphy JM (2006) Depression and modernization: across-cultural study of women. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 41(4):271-279
60. Stevenson B, Wolfers J (2007) Marriage and divorce: changes and their driving forces. J Econ Perspect 21(2):27-52
61. Mason K, Mason W, Winsborough H, Poole W (1973) Some methodological issues in cohort analysis of archival data. Am Sociol Rev 38(2):242-258