Incidence of pregnancy after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in South Africa: A retrospective clinical cohort analysis

Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 2012, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Westreich, Daniel ^a   Maskew, Mhairi ^b   Rubel, Dennis ^c,d   MacDonald, Pippa ^c,d   Jaffray, Imogen ^c,d   Majuba, Pappie ^c,d  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^d RIGHT TO CARE   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EFAVIRENZ; LOPINAVIR PLUS RITONAVIR; NEVIRAPINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; INFECTION RISK; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POISSON DISTRIBUTION; PREDICTION; PREGNANCY; PREGNANT WOMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SOUTH AFRICA; TREATMENT RESPONSE; ADOLESCENT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY RATE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MIDDLE AGED; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SOUTH AFRICA; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863638264     PISSN: 10647449     EISSN: 10980997     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/917059     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. UNAIDS, 2009 AIDS epidemic update. http://www.unaids.org/en/dataanalysis/ epidemiology/2009aidsepidemicupdate/
2. Mepham S. O., Bland R. M., Newell M. L., Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-rich and -poor settings An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2011 118 2 202 218
3. UNAIDS/WHO, AIDS Epidemic Update 2007 2007 Geneva, Switzerland
4. Pettifor A. E., Rees H. V., Kleinschmidt I., Steffenson A. E., MacPhail C., Hlongwa-Madikizela L., Vermaak K., Padian N. S., Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey AIDS 2005 19 14 1525 1534 (Pubitemid 41400699)
5. Karim Q. A., Kharsany A. B. M., Frohlich J. A., Mashego M., Mlotshwa M., Madlala B. T., Ntombela F., Abdool Karim S. S., Stabilizing HIV prevalence masks high HIV incidence rates amongst rural and urban women in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa International Journal of Epidemiology 2011 40 4 922 930
6. Myer L., Carter R. J., Katyal M., Toro P., El-Sadr W. M., Abrams E. J., Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: a cohort study PLoS Medicine 2010 7 2
7. WHO, Towards universal access. Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. Progress Report, September 2010, http://www.who.int/hiv/ pub/2010progressreport/
8. Cohen M. S., Chen Y. Q., McCauley M., Gamble T., Hosseinipour M. C., Kumarasamy N., Hakim J. G., Kumwenda J., Grinsztejn B., Pilotto J. H. S., Godbole S. V., Mehendale S., Chariyalertsak S., Santos B. R., Mayer K. H., Hoffman I. F., Eshleman S. H., Piwowar-Manning E., Wang L., Makhema J., Mills L. A., De Bruyn G., Sanne I., Eron J., Gallant J., Havlir D., Swindells S., Ribaudo H., Elharrar V., Burns D., Taha T. E., Nielsen-Saines K., Celentano D., Essex M., Fleming T. R., Prevention of HIV-1 infection with early antiretroviral therapy New England Journal of Medicine 2011 365 6 493 505
9. French R., Brocklehurst P., The effect of pregnancy on survival in women infected with HIV: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1998 105 8 827 835 (Pubitemid 28423497)
10. MacCarthy S., Laher F., Nduna M., Farlane L., Kaida A., Responding to her question: a review of the influence of pregnancy on HIV disease progression in the context of expanded access to HAART in sub-Saharan Africa AIDS and Behavior 2009 13 1 S66 S71
11. Westreich D., Cole S. R., Nagar S., Maskew M., van der Horst C., Sanne I., Pregnancy and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy in South Africa PLoS One 2011 6 8
12. Sanne I. M., Westreich D., Macphail A. P., Rubel D., Majuba P., Van Rie A., Long term outcomes of antiretroviral therapy in a large HIV/AIDS care clinic in urban South Africa: a prospective cohort study Journal of the International AIDS Society 2009 12 article 38
13. Fox M. P., Maskew M., Macphail A. P., Cohort profile: the Themba Lethu clinical cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology. In press
14. Brogly S. B., Abzug M. J., Watts D. H., Cunningham C. K., Williams P. L., Oleske J., Conway D., Sperling R. S., Spiegel H., Van Dyke R. B., Birth defects among children born to human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: pediatric AIDS clinical trials protocols 219 and 219C Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2010 29 8 721 727
15. Knapp K. M., Brogly S. B., Muenz D. G., Spiegel H. M. L., Conway D. H., Scott G. B., Talbot J. T., Shapiro D. E., Read J. S., Prevalence of congenital anomalies in infants with in utero exposure to antiretrovirals Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 2012 31 2 164 170
16. Ford N., Mofenson L., Kranzer K., Medu L., Frigati L., Mills E. J., Calmy A., Safety of efavirenz in first-trimester of pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes from observational cohorts AIDS 2010 24 10 1461 1470
17. Westreich D., Rubel D., Macdonald P., Pregnancy, efavirenz, and birth outcomes in Johannesburg, South Africa Proceedings of the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections 2010 San Francisco, Calif, USA
18. Westreich D., Evans D., Firnhaber C., Majuba P., Maskew M., Prevalent pregnancy, biological sex, and virologic response to antiretroviral therapy. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. In press
19. Sha B., Tierney C., Cohn S., Sun X., Coombs R., Frenkel L., Kalams S., Aweeka F., Bastow B., Bardeguez A., Kmack A., Stek A., Postpartum viral load rebound in HIV-1-infected women treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy: AIDS clinical trials group protocol A5150 HIV Clinical Trials 2011 12 1 9 23
20. Ray W. A., Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs American Journal of Epidemiology 2003 158 9 915 920 (Pubitemid 37323253)
21. Schwartz S. R., Mehta S. H., Taha T. E., Rees H. V., Venter F., Black V., High pregnancy intentions and missed opportunities for patient-provider communication about fertility in a south african cohort of HIV-positive women on antiretroviral therapy AIDS and Behavior 2011 1 10
22. Robins J. M., Data, design, and background knowledge in etiologic inference Epidemiology 2001 12 3 313 320 (Pubitemid 32336395)
23. Moodley J., Pattinson R., Baxter C., Sibeko S., Abdool Karim Q., Strengthening HIV services for pregnant women: an opportunity to reduce maternal mortality rates in Southern Africa/sub-Saharan Africa An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 2011 118 2 219 225