Impact of antiretroviral therapy on incidence of pregnancy among HIV-infected women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A cohort study

PLoS Medicine

Volumn 7, Issue 2, 2010, Pages

  Myer, Landon ^a,b   Carter, Rosalind J ^b   Katyal, Monica ^b   Toro, Patricia ^b   El Sadr, Wafaa M ^b   Abrams, Elaine J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY; NEVIRAPINE; RNA DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE INHIBITOR; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT;

ADULT; AFRICA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTRACEPTION; DEMOGRAPHY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EDUCATIONAL STATUS; FEMALE; HEALTH BEHAVIOR; HEALTH PROGRAM; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOLOGY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; PATIENT CARE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; SOCIAL STATUS; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; INCIDENCE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; STATISTICS;

ADULT; AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ANTI-RETROVIRAL AGENTS; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; PREGNANCY; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77649107299     PISSN: 15491277     EISSN: 15491676     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000229     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. World Health Organization, UNAIDS, UNICEF (2008) Towards Universal access: Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector: progress report: 2008. Geneva: World Health Organization.
2. Gruskin S, Ferguson L, O'Malley J (2007) Ensuring sexual and reproductive health for people living with HIV: an overview of key human rights, policy and health systems issues. Reprod Health Matters 15: 4-26.
3. Myer L, Morroni C, El-Sadr WM (2005) Reproductive decisions in HIV-infected individuals. Lancet 366: 698-700.
4. Abrams EJ, Myer L, Rosenfield A, El-Sadr WM (2007) Prevention of mother-tochild transmission services as a gateway to family-based human immunodeficiency virus care and treatment in resource-limited settings: rationale and international experiences. Am J Obstet Gynecol 197: S101-S106.
5. Massad LS, Springer G, Jacobson L, Watts H, Anastos K, et al. (2004) Pregnancy rates and predictors of conception, miscarriage and abortion in US women with HIV. AIDS 18: 281-286.
6. Fiore S, Heard I, Thorne C, Savasi V, Coll O, et al. (2008) Reproductive experience of HIV-infected women living in Europe. Hum Reprod 23: 2140-2144.
7. Chen JL, Philips KA, Kanouse DE, Collins RL, Miu A (2001) Fertility desires and intentions of HIV-positive men and women. Fam Plann Perspect 33: 144-152, 165.
8. Dyer SJ (2007) The value of children in African countries: insights from studies on infertility. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol 28: 69-77.
9. Cooper D, Harries J, Myer L, Orner P, Bracken H, et al. (2007) "Life is still going on": reproductive intentions among HIV-positive women and men in South Africa. Soc Sci Med 65: 274-283.
10. Allen S, Serufilira A, Gruber V, Kegeles S, Van de Perre P, et al. (1993) Pregnancy and contraception use among urban Rwandan women after HIV testing and counseling. Am J Public Health 83: 705-710.
11. Maier M, Andia I, Emenyonu N, Guzman D, Kaida A, et al. (2008) Antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased fertility desire, but not pregnancy or live birth, among HIV+ women in an early HIV treatment program in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav 13: 28-37.
12. Myer L, Rebe K, Morroni C (2007) Missed opportunities to address reproductive health care needs among HIV-infected women in antiretroviral therapy programmes. Trop Med Int Health 12: 1484-1489.
13. Sweat MD, O'Reilly KR, Schmid GP, Denison J, de Zoysa I (2004) Costeffectiveness of nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission in eight African countries. AIDS 18: 1661-1671.
14. Bussmann H, Wester CW, Wester CN, Lekoko B, Okezie O, et al. (2007) Pregnancy rates and birth outcomes among women on efavirenz-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy in Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 45: 269-273.
15. El-Ibiary SY, Cocohoba JM (2008) Effects of HIV antiretrovirals on the pharmacokinetics of hormonal contraceptives. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care 13: 123-132.
16. Myer L, Rabkin M, Abrams EJ, Rosenfield A, El-Sadr WM (2005) Focus on women: linking HIV care and treatment with reproductive health services in the MTCT-Plus Initiative. Reprod Health Matters 13: 136-146.
17. Rabkin M, El-Sadr WM (2003) Saving mothers, saving families: the MTCT-Plus Initiative. WHO Perspectives and practice in antiretroviral treatment. Geneva: World Health Organization.
18. World Health Organization (2003) Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: treatment guidelines for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization.
19. White H (1980) A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskdasticity. Econometrica 48: 817-830.
20. Kaida A, Gray G, Bastos FI, Andia I, Maier M, et al. (2008) The relationship between HAART use and sexual activity among HIV-positive women of reproductive age in Brazil, South Africa, and Uganda. AIDS Care 20: 21-25.
21. Kaida A, Andia I, Maier M, Strathdee SA, Bangsberg DR, et al. (2006) The potential impact of antiretroviral therapy on fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 3: 187-194.
22. Ross A, Van der Paal L, Lubega R, Mayanja BN, Shafer LA, et al. (2004) HIV-1 disease progression and fertility: the incidence of recognized pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in Uganda. Aids 18: 799-804.
23. Sedgh G, Larsen U, Spiegelman D, Msamanga G, Fawzi WW (2005) HIV-1 disease progression and fertility in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 39: 439-445.
24. Hubacher D, Mavranezouli I, McGinn E (2008) Unintended pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: magnitude of the problem and potential role of contraceptive implants to alleviate it. Contraception 78: 73-78.
25. Cleland J, Bernstein S, Ezeh A, Faundes A, Glasier A, et al. (2006) Family planning: the unfinished agenda. Lancet 368: 1810-1827.
26. Taulo F, Berry M, Tsui A, Makanani B, Kafulafula G, et al. (2009) Fertility intentions of HIV-1 infected and uninfected women in Malawi: a longitudinal study. AIDS Behav 13 Suppl 1: 20-27.
27. Homsy J, Bunnell R, Moore D, King R, Malamba S, et al. (2009) Reproductive intentions and outcomes among women on antiretroviral therapy in rural Uganda: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 4: e4149. doi:10.1371/ journal.pone.0004149.
28. Myer L, Morroni C, Rebe K (2007) Prevalence and determinants of fertility intentions of HIV-infected women and men receiving antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21: 278-285.
29. Paiva V, Filipe EV, Santos N, Lima TN, Segurado A (2003) The right to love: the desire for parenthood among men living with HIV. Reprod Health Matters 11: 91-100.
30. Paiva V, Santos N, Franca-Junior I, Filipe E, Ayres JR, et al. (2007) Desire to have children: gender and reproductive rights of men and women living with HIV: a challenge to health care in Brazil. AIDS Patient Care STDS 21: 268-277.
31. World Health Organization (2004) Medical eligibility for contraceptive use. Third edition. Geneva: WHO.
32. Mildvan D, Yarrish R, Marshak A, Hutman HW, McDonough M, et al. (2002) Pharmacokinetic interaction between nevirapine and ethinyl estradiol/ norethindrone when administered concurrently to HIV-infected women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 29: 471-477.
33. Ryder RW, Kamenga C, Jingu M, Mbuyi N, Mbu L, et al. (2000) Pregnancy and HIV-1 incidence in 178 married couples with discordant HIV-1 serostatus: additional experience at an HIV-1 counselling centre in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Trop Med Int Health 5: 482-487.
34. Gray RH, Wawer MJ, Serwadda D, Sewankambo N, Li C, et al. (1998) Population-based study of fertility in women with HIV-1 infection in Uganda. Lancet 351: 98-103.