Extrapulmonary tuberculosis;La tuberculose extrapulmonaire

Revue des Maladies Respiratoires

Volumn 29, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 566-578

  Mazza Stalder, J ^a   Nicod, L ^a   Janssens, J P ^b  

^a LAUSANNE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Switzerland)

^b GENEVA UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Extrapulmonar; Meningitis; Pleuritis; Pott's disease; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

CLINICAL FEATURE; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS; GENE AMPLIFICATION; HUMAN; IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENT; LYMPHADENITIS; PLEURISY; RACE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SEX DIFFERENCE; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBERCULOUS ARTHRITIS; TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS; TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS; UROGENITAL TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 84863625118     PISSN: 07618425     EISSN: 17762588     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2011.05.021     Document Type: Review

References (89)

1. W.H.O. Treatment of tuberculosis: guidelines. 4th ed; 2009 [WHO/HTM/TB/2009.420].
2. C.D.C. Reported tuberculosis in the United States. GA, U.S: Departement of Health and Human Services C; 2009. p. 2009.
3. Kruijshaar ME, Abubakar I. Increase in extrapulmonary tuberculosis in England and Wales 1999-2006. Thorax 2009;64:1090-5.
4. Cailhol J, Che D, Campese C, et al. Les cas de tuberculose déclarés en France en 2001. Cases of tuberculosis declared in France in 2001. Arch Pediatr 2003;10:476-81.
5. Antoine D, Che D. Épidémiologie de la tuberculose en France en 2005. Med Mal Infect 2007;37:245-52.
6. Kherad O, Herrmann FR, Zellweger JP, et al. Clinical presentation, demographics and outcome of tuberculosis (TB) in a low incidence area: a 4-year study in Geneva, Switzerland. BMC Infect Dis 2009;9:217.
7. Yang Z, Kong Y, Wilson F, et al. Identification of risk factors for extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:199-205. (Pubitemid 38113027)
8. Kong Y, Cave MD, Zhang L, et al. Association between Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing/W lineage strain infection and extrathoracic tuberculosis: Insights from epidemiologic and clinical characterization of the three principal genetic groups of M. tuberculosis clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2007;45:409-14.
9. Jha BC, Dass A, Nagarkar NM, et al. Cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy: changing clinical pattern and concepts in management. Postgrad Med J 2001;77:185-7. (Pubitemid 32205062)
10. Polesky A, Grove W, Bhatia G. Peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis: epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005;84:350-62. (Pubitemid 41668934)
11. Iwnetu R, van den Hombergh J, Woldeamanuel Y, et al. Is tuberculous lymphadenitis over-diagnosed in Ethiopia? Comparative performance of diagnostic tests for mycobacterial lymphadenitis in a high-burden country. Scand J Infect Dis 2009;41:462-8.
12. Beyene D, Ashenafi S, Yamuah L, et al. Diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis in Ethiopia: correlation with culture, histology and HIV status. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2008;12:1030-6.
13. Clevenbergh P, Maitrepierre I, Simoneau G, et al. Lymph node tuberculosis in patients from regions with varying burdens of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Presse Med 2010;39:e223-30.
14. Wilson D, Nachega JB, Chaisson RE, et al. Diagnostic yield of peripheral lymph node needle-core biopsies in HIV-infected adults with suspected smear-negative tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2005;9:220-2. (Pubitemid 40278388)
15. Lau SK, Wei WI, Hsu C, et al. Efficacy of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of tuberculous cervical lymphadenopathy. J Laryngol Otol 1990;104:24-7. (Pubitemid 20046081)
16. Sharma M, Sethi S, Mishra AK, et al. Efficacy of an inhouse polymerase chain reaction assay for rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with tubercular lymphadenitis: comparison with fine needle aspiration cytology and conventional techniques. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2010;53:714-7.
17. Purohit MR, Mustafa T, Sviland L. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction with DNA eluted from aspirate smears of tuberculous lymphadenitis. Diagn Mol Pathol 2008;17:174-8.
18. Chantranuwat C, Assanasen T, Shuangshoti S, et al. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in papanicolaou-stained fine needle aspirated smears for diagnosis of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006;37:940-7. (Pubitemid 44843995)
19. Osores F, Nolasco O, Verdonck K, et al. Clinical evaluation of a 16S ribosomal RNA polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of lymph node tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43:855-9. (Pubitemid 44435512)
20. Pahwa R, Hedau S, Jain S, et al. Assessment of possible tuberculous lymphadenopathy by PCR compared to non-molecular methods. J Med Microbiol 2005;54:873-8. (Pubitemid 41216285)
21. Jain A, Verma RK, Tiwari V, et al. Dot-ELISA vs PCR of fine needle aspirates of tuberculous lymphadenitis: a prospective study in India. Acta Cytol 2005;49:17-21.
22. British Thoracic Society Research Committee. Six-months versus nine-months chemotherapy for tuberculosis of lymph nodes: preliminary results. Respir Med 1992;86:15-9.
23. Campbell IA, Ormerod LP, Friend JA, et al. Six months versus nine months chemotherapy for tuberculosis of lymph nodes: final results. Respir Med 1993;87:621-3. (Pubitemid 23350171)
24. van Loenhout-Rooyackers JH, Laheij RJ, Richter C, et al. Shortening the duration of treatment for cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis. Eur Respir J 2000;15:192-5. (Pubitemid 30068960)
25. Hawkey CR, Yap T, Pereira J, et al. Characterization and management of paradoxical upgrading reactions in HIVuninfected patients with lymph node tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2005;40:1368-71. (Pubitemid 40570251)
26. Breen RA, Smith CJ, Bettinson H, et al. Paradoxical reactions during tuberculosis treatment in patients with and without HIV co-infection. Thorax 2004;59:704-7. (Pubitemid 39061536)
27. Froissart A, Pagnoux C, Cherin P. Lymph node paradoxical enlargement during treatment for tuberculous spondylodiscitis (Pott's disease). Joint Bone Spine 2007;74:292-5. (Pubitemid 46720032)
28. Carvalho AC, De Iaco G, Saleri N, et al. Paradoxical reaction during tuberculosis treatment in HIV-seronegative patients. Clin Infect Dis 2006;42:893-5. (Pubitemid 43363957)
29. Cheng VC, Ho PL, Lee RA, et al. Clinical spectrum of paradoxical deterioration during antituberculosis therapy in non-HIV-infected patients. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;21:803-9. (Pubitemid 35435702)
30. Udwadia ZF, Sen T. Pleural tuberculosis: an update. Curr Opin Pulm Med;16:399-406.
31. Mehta JB, Dutt A, Harvill L, et al. Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. A comparative analysis with pre-AIDS era. Chest 1991;99:1134-8.
32. Light RW. Update on tuberculous pleural effusion. Respirology 2010;15:451-8.
33. Valdes L, Alvarez D, San Jose E, et al. Tuberculous pleurisy: a study of 254 patients. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:2017-21. (Pubitemid 28465626)
34. Barnes PF, Mehra V, Hirschfield GR, et al. Characterization of T cell antigens associated with the cell wall proteinpeptidoglycan complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 1989;143:2656-62. (Pubitemid 19260078)
35. Valdes L, San Jose E, Alvarez D, et al. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) isoenzyme analysis in pleural effusions: diagnostic role, and relevance to the origin of increased ADA in tuberculous pleurisy. Eur Respir J 1996;9:747-51. (Pubitemid 26167880)
36. Park JS, Kim YS, Jee YK, et al. Interleukin-8 production in tuberculous pleurisy: role of mesothelial cells stimulated by cytokine network involving tumour necrosis factoralpha and interleukin-1 beta. Scand J Immunol 2003;57: 463-9. (Pubitemid 36577906)
37. Krenke R, Korczynski P. Use of pleural fluid levels of adenosine deaminase and interferon gamma in the diagnosis of tuberculous pleuritis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2010;16:367-75.
38. Lee YC, Rogers JT, Rodriguez RM, et al. Adenosine deaminase levels in nontuberculous lymphocytic pleural effusions. Chest 2001;120:356-61. (Pubitemid 32881247)
39. Lin MT, Wang JY, Yu CJ, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis and polymorphonuclear pleural effusion: incidence and clinical pointers. Respir Med 2009;103:820-6.
40. Liang QL, Shi HZ, Wang K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of adenosine deaminase in tuberculous pleurisy: a meta-analysis. Respir Med 2008;102:744-54.
41. Morisson P, Neves DD. Evaluation of adenosine deaminase in the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis: a Brazilian meta-analysis. J Bras Pneumol 2008;34:217-24.
42. Porcel JM, Esquerda A, Bielsa S. Diagnostic performance of adenosine deaminase activity in pleural fluid: a single-center experience with over 2100 consecutive patients. Eur J Intern Med 2010;21:419-23.
43. Valdes L, San Jose ME, Pose A, et al. Diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusion using clinical data and pleural fluid analysis A study of patients less than 40 years-old in an area with a high incidence of tuberculosis. Respir Med 2010;104:1211-7.
44. Zemlin AE, Essack Y, Rensburg M, et al. Stability of red blood cell folate in whole blood and haemolysate. Clin Lab 2010;56:391-6.
45. Wongtim S, Silachamroon U, Ruxrungtham K, et al. Interferon gamma for diagnosing tuberculous pleural effusions. Thorax 1999;54:921-4. (Pubitemid 29452801)
46. Dheda K, van Zyl-Smit RN, Sechi LA, et al. Utility of quantitative T-cell responses versus unstimulated interferon- {gamma} for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2009;34:1118-26.
47. Heinzer R, Rochat T. L'épanchement pleural lymphocitaire. Rev Med Suisse 2010;65:857-62.
48. Villegas MV, Labrada LA, Saravia NG. Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction, adenosine deaminase, and interferon-gamma in pleural fluid for the differential diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis. Chest 2000;118:1355-64.
49. Pai M, Flores LL, Pai N, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of nucleic acid amplification tests for tuberculous meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:633-43. (Pubitemid 37210227)
50. Gopi A, Madhavan SM, Sharma SK, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculous pleural effusion in 2006. Chest 2007;131:880-9. (Pubitemid 46446885)
51. Diacon AH, Van de Wal BW, Wyser C, et al. Diagnostic tools in tuberculous pleurisy: a direct comparative study. Eur Respir J 2003;22:589-91. (Pubitemid 37258534)
52. Valdes L, Alvarez D, San Jose E, et al. Tuberculous pleurisy: a study of 254 patients. Arch Intern Med 1998;18:2017-21. (Pubitemid 28465626)
53. Koegelenberg CF, Bolliger CT, Theron J, Walzl G, Wright CA, Louw M, Diacon AH. Direct comparison of the diagnostic yield of ultrasound-assisted Abrams and Tru-Cut needle biopsies for pleural tuberculosis. Thorax.
54. R.W. Light Update on tuberculous pleural effusions. Respirology 2010;15:451-58.
55. Malhotra P, Aggarwal AN, Agarwal R, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of empyema thoracis in 117 patients: a comparative analysis of tuberculous vs. non-tuberculous aetiologies. Respir Med 2007;101:423-30. (Pubitemid 46196339)
56. Sahn SA. Pleural thickening, trapped lung, and chronic empyema as sequelae of tuberculous pleural effusion: don't sweat the pleural thickening. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2002;6(6):461-4. (Pubitemid 34601859)
57. Chaiyasate K, Hramiec J. Images in clinical medicine. Tuberculosis empyema necessitatis. N Engl J Med 2005;352(9):e8.
58. Balian A, de Pinieux I, Belloula D, et al. [Abdominal tuberculosis: deceptive and still encountered]. Presse Med 2000;29:994-6. (Pubitemid 30349326)
59. Chow KM, Chow VC, Szeto CC. Indication for peritoneal biopsy in tuberculous peritonitis. Am J Surg 2003;185:567-73. (Pubitemid 36627851)
60. Younossian AB, Rochat T, Favre L, et al. Ascites and highly elevated CA-125 levels in a case of peritoneal tuberculosis. Scand J Infect Dis 2006;38:216-8.
61. Riquelme A, Calvo M, Salech F, et al. Value of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in ascitic fluid for the diagnosis of tuberculous peritonitis: a meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:705-10. (Pubitemid 44350592)
62. Uzunkoy A, Harma M. Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis: experience from 11 cases and review of the literature. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:3647-9. (Pubitemid 39619285)
63. Misra SP, Misra V, Dwivedi M, et al. Colonic tuberculosis: clinical features, endoscopic appearance and management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1999;14:723-9. (Pubitemid 29350128)
64. Steer D, Essa A, Clarke DL, et al. Transverse colon tuberculosis presenting as colonic obstruction. S Afr J Surg 2009;47:31-2.
65. Singh V, Kumar P, Kamal J, et al. Clinicocolonoscopic profile of colonic tuberculosis. Am J Gastroenterol 1996;91:565-8. (Pubitemid 26083564)
66. Bhigjee AI, Padayachee R, Paruk H, et al. Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: clinical and laboratory parameters. Int J Infect Dis 2007;11:348-54. (Pubitemid 46990974)
67. Thwaites GE, Chau TT, Farrar JJ. Improving the bacteriological diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:378-9. (Pubitemid 38082750)
68. Maartens G, Wilkinson RJ. Tuberculosis. Lancet 2007;370:2030-43. (Pubitemid 350236315)
69. Thwaites GE, Nguyen DB, Nguyen HD, et al. Dexamethasone for the treatment of tuberculous meningitis in adolescents and adults. N Engl J Med 2004;351:1741-51.
70. Prasad K, Volmink J, Menon GR. Steroids for treating tuberculous meningitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;3:CD002244.
71. Bargallo J, Berenguer J, Garcia-Barrionuevo J, et al. The "target sign": is it a specific sign of CNS tuberculoma? Neuroradiology 1996;38:547-50. (Pubitemid 26288243)
72. Lee SI, Park JH, Kim JH. Paradoxical progression of intracranial tuberculomas and anterior cerebral artery infarction. Neurology 2008;71:68.
73. Kumar GG, Mahadevan A, Guruprasad AS, et al. Eccentric target sign in cerebral toxoplasmosis: neuropathological correlate to the imaging feature. J Magn Reson Imaging 2010;31:1469-72.
74. Bayindir C, Mete O, Bilgic B. Retrospective study of 23 pathologically proven cases of central nervous system tuberculomas. Clin Neurol Neurosur 2006;108:353-7.
75. Chatterjee S, Saini J, Kesavadas C, et al. Differentiation of tubercular infection and metastasis presenting as ring enhancing lesion by diffusion and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging. J Neuroradiol 2010;37:167-71.
76. Janssens JP, Haller RD. Spinal Tuberculosis in a Developed Country: A Review of 26 Cases With Special Emphasis on Abscesses and Neurologic Complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1990;257:67-75.
77. Turgut M. Spinal tuberculosis (Pott's disease): its clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcome. A survey study on 694 patients. Neurosurg Rev 2001;24:8-13. (Pubitemid 32825980)
78. Blumberg HM, Burman WJ, Chaisson RE, et al. American Thoracic Society/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/ Infectious Diseases Society of America: treatment of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;167:603-62.
79. Burgess LJ, Reuter H, Carstens ME, et al. The use of adenosine deaminase and interferon-gamma as diagnostic tools for tuberculous pericarditis. Chest 2002;122: 900-5.
80. Cherian G. Diagnosis of tuberculous aetiology in pericardial effusions. Postgrad Med J 2004;80:262-6. (Pubitemid 38657264)
81. Reuter H, Burgess L, van Vuuren W, et al. Diagnosing tuberculous pericarditis. QJM 2006;99:827-39. (Pubitemid 46024094)
82. Cegielski JP, Devlin BH, Morris AJ, et al. Comparison of PCR, culture, and histopathology for diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis. J Clin Microbiol 1997;35:3254-7. (Pubitemid 27505754)
83. Strang JI, Nunn AJ, Johnson DA, et al. Management of tuberculous constrictive pericarditis and tuberculous pericardial effusion in Transkei: results at 10 years follow-up. QJM 2004;97:525-35. (Pubitemid 39144600)
84. Ntsekhe M, Wiysonge C, Volmink JA, et al. Adjuvant corticosteroids for tuberculous pericarditis: promising, but not proven. QJM 2003;96:593-9. (Pubitemid 36987259)
85. Wise GJ, Shteynshlyuger A. An update on lower urinary tract tuberculosis. Curr Urol Rep 2008;9:305-13.
86. Chavhan GB, Hira P, Rathod K, et al. Female genital tuberculosis: hysterosalpingographic appearances. Br J Radiol 2004;77:164-9. (Pubitemid 38313236)
87. Levison JH, Barbieri RL, Katz JT, et al. Clinical problem-solving. Hard to conceive. N Engl J Med 2010;363:965-70.
88. Gurgan T, Urman B, Yarali H. Results of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in women with infertility due to genital tuberculosis. Fertil Steril 1996;65:367-70. (Pubitemid 26043835)
89. Thuong NT, Hawn TR, Thwaites GE, et al. A polymorphism in human TLR2 is associated with increased susceptibility to tuberculous meningitis. Genes Immun 2007;8:422-8. (Pubitemid 47163105)