Reconstruction of Nonunion Tibial Fractures in War-Wounded Iraqi Civilians, 2006-2008: Better Late Than Never

Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma

Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2012, Pages e76-e82

  Fakri, Rasheed M ^a   Al Ani, Ali M K ^a   Rose, Angela M C ^b   Alras, Majd S ^a   Daumas, Laurent ^a   Baron, Emmanuel ^c   Khaddaj, Sinan ^d   Hérard, Patrick ^a  

^a MÉDECINS SANS FRONTIÈRES   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES   (Jamaica)

^c EPICENTRE   (France)

^d Women and Health Alliance International (WAHA)   (France)

Author keywords

Fracture; Iraq; Nonunion; Reconstruction; Tibia

Indexed keywords

C REACTIVE PROTEIN;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AMPUTATION; ARTICLE; BONE GRAFT; BONE SCREW; CHILD; CLINICAL CLASSIFICATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; FRACTURE EXTERNAL FIXATION; FRACTURE FIXATION; FRACTURE NONUNION; HEMATOMA; HUMAN; LEG INJURY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; OSTEOSYNTHESIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PLASTIC SURGERY; POSTOPERATIVE INFECTION; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCAR; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; SEROMA; SOFT TISSUE INFECTION; THERAPY DELAY; TIBIA FRACTURE; WAR; WOUND DEHISCENCE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; FRACTURE HEALING; FRACTURES, UNUNITED; HUMANS; IRAQ; IRAQ WAR, 2003 -; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS; RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TIBIAL FRACTURES; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84863460996     PISSN: 08905339     EISSN: 15312291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318225e8d0     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Iraq Family Health Survey Study Group, Alkhuzai AH, Ahmad IJ, et al. Violence-related mortality in Iraq from 2002 to 2006. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:484-493.
2. Devi S. Meeting the health needs of Iraqi refugees in Jordan. Lancet. 2007;370:1815-1816.
3. McNally MA, Small JO, Tofighi HG, et al. Two-stage management of chronic osteomyelitis of the long bones. The Belfast technique. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:375-380.
4. Masquelet AC, Fitoussi F, Begue T, et al. Reconstruction of the long bones by the induced membrane and spongy autograft [in French]. Ann Chir Plast Esthet. 2000;45:346-345.
5. Povoa P. C-reactive protein: a valuable marker of sepsis. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:235-243.
6. Dijkman BG, Sprague S, Schemitsch EH, et al. When is a fracture healed? Radiographic and clinical criteria revisited. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(suppl 1):S76-80.
7. Rosemeyer B, Pforringer W. Basic principles of treatment in pseudoarthrosis and malunion of fractures of the leg. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1979;95:57.
8. Swiontkowski MF, Engelberg R, Martin DP, et al. Short Musculoskeletal Function Assessment questionnaire: validity, reliability, and responsiveness. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1999;81:1245-1260.
9. Burnham G, Lafta R, Doocy S, et al. Mortality after the 2003 invasion of Iraq: a cross-sectional cluster sample survey. Lancet. 2006;368:1421-1428.
10. Behbehani A, Abu-Zidan F, Hasaniya N, et al. War injuries during the Gulf War: experience of a teaching hospital in Kuwait. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1994;76:407-411.
11. Krug EG, Sharma GK, Lozano R. The global burden of injuries. Am J Public Health. 2000;90:523-526.
12. Spalding TJ, Stewart MP, Tulloch DN, et al. Penetrating missile injuries in the Gulf War 1991. Br J Surg. 1991;78:1102-1104.
13. Rautio J, Paavolainen P. Afghan war wounded: experience with 200 cases. J Trauma. 1988: 28:523-525.
14. Sherman R, Rahban S, Pollak AN. Timing of wound coverage in extremity war injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14:S57-S61.
15. Celiköz B, Sengezer M, Işik S, et al. Subacute reconstruction of lower leg and foot defects due to high velocity-high energy injuries caused by gunshots, missiles, and land mines. Microsurgery. 2005;25:3-14.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Acinetobacter baumannii infections among patients at military medical facilities treating injured US service members, 2002 -2004. JAMA. 2004;292:2964-2966.
17. Petersen K, Riddle MS, Danko JR, et al. Trauma-related infections in battlefield casualties from Iraq. Ann Surg. 2007;245:803-811.
18. Covey DC. Combat orthopaedics: a view from the trenches. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14:S10-S17.
19. Gawande A. Casualities of war—military care for the wounded from Iraq and Afghanistan. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2471-2475.
20. Trampuz A, Zimmerli W. Diagnosis and treatment of infections associated with fracture-fixation devices. Injury. 2006;37(suppl 2):S59-S66.
21. Johnson EN, Burns TC, Hayda RA, et al. Infectious complications of open type III tibial fractures among combat casualties. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:409-415.
22. Simpson AH, Deakin M, Latham JM. Chronic osteomyelitis. The effect of the extent of surgical resection on infection-free survival. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2001;83:403-407.
23. Tice AD, Hoaglund PA, Shoultz DA. Risk factors and treatment outcomes in osteomyelitis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;51:1261-1268.
24. Meyer S, Weiland AJ, Willenegger H. The treatment of infected non-union of fractures of long bones. Study of sixty-four cases with a five to twenty-one-year follow-up. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;57:836-842.
25. Hamdan TA. Missile injuries of the limbs: an Iraqi perspective. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2006;14:S32-S36.
26. Mannion SJ, Chaloner E. Principles of war surgery. BMJ. 2005;330:1498-1500.
27. Kuokkanen H, Tukiainen E. Soft-tissue and bone reconstruction in compound fractures of the lower leg. Scand J Surg. 2003;92:265-268.
28. Bosse MJ, MacKenzie EJ, Kellam JF, et al. An analysis of outcomes of reconstruction or amputation of leg-threatening injuries. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1924-1931.
29. Leahy M. Lower limb amputees fare better than limb-salvage patients in military populations. December 2010. Available at:. Accessed March24, 2011.
30. Pollak AN, Ficker JR. Extremity war injuries: challenges in definitive reconstruction. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2008;16:S628-S634.