Occurrence, quantification, and genotyping of mycoplasma conjunctivae in wild caprinae with and without infectious keratoconjunctivitis

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

Volumn 48, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 619-631

  Mavrot, Fabien ^a   Vilei, Edy M ^a   Marreros, Nelson ^a   Signer, Claudio ^b   Frey, Joachim ^a   Ryser Degiorgis, Marie Pierre ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b Hunting and Fishing Services of the Canton of Grisons   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Etiology; Healthy carrier; Infectious keratoconjunctivitis; Mycoplasma conjunctivae; Mycoplasma load; Strain; Wild caprinae

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; CAPRA IBEX; CAPRA IBEX IBEX; CAPRINAE; MYCOPLASMA; MYCOPLASMA CONJUNCTIVAE; RUPICAPRA RUPICAPRA; RUPICAPRA RUPICAPRA RUPICAPRA;

EID: 84863430699     PISSN: 00903558     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7589/0090-3558-48.3.619     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. ALMBERG, E. S., P. C. CROSS, and D. W. SMITH. 2010. Persistence of canine distemper virus in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem's carnivore community. Ecological Applications 20: 2058-2074.
2. ASANO, S., T. YOSHIKAWA, H. KIMURA, Y. ENOMOTO, M. OHASHI, H. TERASAKI, and Y. NISHIYAMA. 2004. Monitoring herpesviruses DNA in three cases of acute retinal necrosis by real-time PCR. Journal of Clinical Virology 29: 207-210.
3. BARTLETT, M. S. 1957. Measles periodicity and community size. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A General 120: 48-70.
4. BELLOY, L., M. JANOVSKY, E. M. VILEI, P. PILO, M. GIACOMETTI, and J. FREY. 2003a. Molecular epidemiology of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in Caprinae: Transmission across species in natural outbreaks. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 1913-1919.
5. BELLOY, L., E. M. VILEI, M. GIACOMETTI, and J. FREY. 2003b. Characterization of LppS, an adhesin of Mycoplasma conjunctivae. Microbiology 149: 185-193.
6. BIJLENGA, G., J. TEKTOFF, Y. RICHARD, L. JOUBERT, J. GASTELLU, M. PRAVE, O. DUMONT, C. FAVIER, and J. OUDAR. 1983. Isolement de cinq souches de "Ricksettia" des lé sions de ké rato-conjonctivite du chamois ou du bouquetin et du moutond'alpage. Sciences Vété rinaires Médecine Comparée 85: 267-281.
7. BON, R., C. RIDEAU, J. VILLARET, and J. JOACHIM. 2001. Segregation is not only a matter of sex in Alpine ibex, Capra ibex ibex. Animal Behaviour 62: 495-504.
8. COSTA, R 1986. Contribution àl'étude é tiologique de la ké ratoconjonctivite du chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) et du bouquetin (Capra ibex). Veterinary Thesis, University Claude Bernard of Lyon, France, 105 pp.
9. CRESTANELLO, B., E. PECCHIOLI, C. VERNESI, S. MONA, N. MARTÍNKOVÁ, M. JANIGA, H. C. HAUFFE, and G. BERTORELLE. 2009. The genetic impact of translocations and habitat fragmentation in chamois (Rupicapra spp.) Journal ofHeredity 100: 691-708.
10. DEGIORGIS, M.-P., E.-M. ABDO, J. NICOLET, J. FREY, D. MAYER, and M. GIACOMETTI. 2000a. Immune responses to Mycoplasma conjunctivae in Alpine ibex, Alpine chamois, and domestic sheep in Switzerland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 36: 265-271.
11. DEGIORGIS, M.-P., J. FREY, J. NICOLET, E.-M. ABDO, R. FATZER, Y. SCHLATTER, S. REIST, M. JANOVSKY, and M. GIACOMETTI. 2000b. An outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) in Simmental-Gruyères. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 142: 520-527.
12. DEREDEC, A., and F. COURCHAMP. 2003. Extinction thresholds in host-parasite dynamics. Annales Zoologici Fennici 40: 115-130.
13. GAUTHIER, D. 1991. La ké rato-conjonctivite infectieuse du chamois. Etude épidémiologique dans le Département de la Savoie 1983-1990. Veterinary Thesis, University Claude Bernard of Lyon, France, 107 pp.
14. GIACOMETTI, M., M.-P. DEGIORGIS, D. MAYER, M. KRAWINKLER, and J. NICOLET. 1997. Epidémiologie des infections àMycoplasma conjunctivae chez le bouquetin, le chamois et le mouton dans les Alpes suisses. Bulletin de la Socié té Neuchâ -teloise des Sciences Naturelles 120: 27-34.
15. GIACOMETTI, M., J. NICOLET, J. FREY, M. KRAWINKLER, W. MEIER, M. WELLE, K. JOHANSSON, and M.-P. DEGIORGIS. 1998. Susceptibility of Alpine ibex to conjunctivitis caused by inoculation of a sheepstrain of Mycoplasma conjunctivae. Veterinary Microbiology 61: 279-288.
16. GIACOMETTI, M., M. JANOVSKY, L. BELLOY, and J. FREY. 2002a. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis of ibex, chamois and other Caprinae. Revue Scientifique et Technique (International Office of Epizootics) 21: 335-345.
17. GIACOMETTI, M., M. JANOVSKY, H. JENNY, J. NICOLET, L. BELLOY, E. GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT, and J. FREY. 2002b. Mycoplasma conjunctivae infection is not maintained in Alpine chamois in eastern Switzerland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 38: 297-304.
18. GRATTAROLA, C., J. FREY, E. ABDO, R. ORUSA, J. NICOLET, and M. GIACOMETTI. 1999. Mycoplasma conjunctivae infections in chamois and ibexes affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in the Italian Alps. Veterinary Record 145: 588-589.
19. HOLZWARTH, N., A. POSPISCHIL, F. MAVROT, E. M. VILEI, M. HILBE, K. ZLINSZKY, N. REGENSCHEIT, M. PEWSNER, R. THOMA, and N. BOREL. 2011. Occurrence of Chlamydiaceae, Mycoplasma conjunctivae and pestiviruses in Alpine chamois (Rupicapra r. rupicapra) of Grisons, Switzerland. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 23: 333-337.
20. HOSIE, B. D. 2007. Infectious keratoconjunctivitis. In Disease of sheep, I. D. Aitken (ed.). Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK, pp. 343-345.
21. JAEGER, J. A. G., R. BERTILLER, C. SCHWICK, K. MÜLLER, C. STEINMEIER, K. C. EWALD, and J. GHAZOUL. 2008. Implementing landscape fragmentation as an indicator in the Swiss Monitoring System of Sustainable Development (Monet). Journal of Environmental Management 88: 737-751.
22. JANOVSKY, M., J. FREY, J. NICOLET, L. BELLOY, E. GOLDSCHMIDT-CLERMONT, and M. GIACOMETTI. 2001. Mycoplasma conjunctivae infection is selfmaintained in the Swiss domestic sheep population. Veterinary Microbiology 83: 11-22.
23. KLINGER, K., J. NICOLET, and E. SCHIPPER. 1969. Neue Befunde über die Gemsblindheit. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 111: 587-602.
24. LOISON, A., G. DARMON, S. CASSAR, J. JULLIEN, and D. MAILLARD. 2008. Age- and sex-specific settlement patterns of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) offspring. Canadian Journal of Zoology 86: 588-593.
25. MARREROS, N., D. HÜSSY, S. ALBINI, C. F. FREY, C. ABRIL, H.-R. VOGT, N. HOLZWARTH, S. WIRZDITTUS, M. FRIESS, M. ENGELS, N. BOREL, C. S. WILLISCH, C. SIGNER, L. E. HOELZLE, and M.-P. RYSER-DEGIORGIS. 2011. Epizootiologic investigations of selected abortive agents in free-ranging Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex) in Switzerland. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 47: 530-543.
26. MAYER, D., J. NICOLET, M. GIACOMETTI, M. SCHMITT, T. WAHLI, and W. MEIER. 1996. Isolation of Mycoplasma conjunctivae from conjunctival swabs of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex) affected with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B 43: 155-161.
27. MAYER, D., M.-P. DEGIORGIS, W. MEIER, J. NICOLET, and M. GIACOMETTI. 1997. Lesions associated with infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine ibex. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 33: 413-419.
28. NICOLET, J. 1985. Experiences on keratoconjunctivitis in chamois in Switzerland. In Atti Simposio internazionale sulla cheratocongiuntivie infettiva del camoscio, Vercelli, Italy, T. Balbo, P. Lanfranchi, L. Rossi and P. Stero (eds.). Univercittà, Torino, Italy, pp. 53-61.
29. NICOLET, J. and E. A. FREUNDT. 1975. Isolation of Mycoplasma conjunctivae from chamois and sheep affected with kerato-conjunctivitis. Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin Reihe B 22: 302-307.
30. NILSSON, A., P. BJORKMAN, C. WELINDER-OLSSON, A. WIDELL, and K. PERSSON. 2010. Clinical severity of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection is associated with bacterial load in oropharyngeal secretions but not with MP genotype. BMC Infectious Diseases 10: 39.
31. RATTI, P. 1967. Bericht über den Verlauf der Gemsblindheit im Jahre 1966 in Graubünden. Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde 109: 401-403.
32. RITZMANN, M., J. GRIMM, K. HEINRITZI, K. HOELZLE, and L. HOELZLE. 2009. Prevalence of Mycoplasma suis in slaughter pigs, with correlation of PCR results to hematological findings. Veterinary Microbiology 133: 84-91.
33. ROSNER, B. 1982. Statistical methods in ophthalmology: An adjustment for the intraclass correlation between eyes. Biometrics 38: 105-114.
34. RYSER-DEGIORGIS, M.-P., P. INGOLD, H. TENHU, A. M. TÉBAR LESS, A. RYSER, and M. GIACOMETTI. 2002. Encounters between Alpine ibex, Alpine chamois and domestic sheep in the Swiss Alps. Hystrix 13: 1-11.
35. RYSER-DEGIORGIS, M.-P., D. F. BISCHOF, N. MARREROS, C. WILLISCH, C. SIGNER, F. FILLI, G. BROSI, J. FREY, and E. M. VILEI. 2009. Detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in the eyes of healthy, free-ranging Alpine ibex: Possible involvement of Alpine ibex as carriers for the main causing agent of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in wild Caprinae. Veterinary Microbiology 134: 368-374.
36. SCHNIDRIG-PETRIG, R., and U. P. SALM. 2009. Die Gemse: Biologie und Jagd. Salm Verlag, Bern, Switzerland, 207 pp.
37. SIGNER, C., T. RUF, and W. ARNOLD. 2011. Hypometabolism and basking: The strategies of Alpine ibex to endure harsh over-wintering conditions. Functional Ecology 25: 537-547.
38. STRINGHAM, S. F., and A. B. BUBENIK. 1974. Physical condition and survival rates of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra L.) as a function of maturity-sex class ratios in the population. Implications for ungulate harvest plans. In Tagungsbericht: Internationales Gamswild-Treffen, W. Schroder (ed.). Institute for Wildforschung und Jagdkunde, Oberammergau, Germany, pp. 123-158.
39. TRYLAND, M., C. G. DAS NEVES, M. SUNDE, and T. MORK. 2009. Cervid herpesvirus 2, the primary agent in an outbreak of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in semidomesticated reindeer. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 47: 3707-3713.
40. TSCHOPP, R., J. FREY, L. ZIMMERMANN, and M. GIACOMETTI. 2005. Outbreaks of infectious keratoconjunctivitis in Alpine chamois and ibex in Switzerland between 2001 and 2003. Veterinary Record 157: 13-18.
41. VILEI, E. M., L. BONVIN-KLOTZ, L. ZIMMERMANN, M.-P. RYSER-DEGIORGIS, M. GIACOMETTI, and J. FREY. 2007. Validation and diagnostic efficacy of a TaqMan real-time PCR for the detection of Mycoplasma conjunctivae in the eyes of infected Caprinae. Journal of Microbiological Methods 70: 384-386.