The Shanghai Co-operation Organisation: China's Initiative in Regional Institutional Building

Journal of Contemporary Asia

Volumn 41, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 632-656

  Cheng, Joseph Y S ^a  

^a CITY UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

Author keywords

Central Asia; gas; institution building; New Silk Road; oil; regionalism; Shanghai Co operation Organisation; Sino Russian relations

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863412196     PISSN: 00472336     EISSN: 17527554     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00472336.2011.610618     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2003. Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan 2003, Astana: Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
2. Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2005. Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan 2005, Astana: Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
3. Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. 2008. Statistical Yearbook of Kazakhstan 2007, Astana: Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
4. Baranovsky, V. "NATO Enlargement: Russia's Attitudes". Prepared for the IISS/CEPS European Security Forum. 9 July, Brussels. http://www.eusec.org/baranovsky.htm (downloaded 20 July 2011)
5. Boucher, R. 26 April 2006. U.S. Policy in Central Asia: Balancing Priorities (Part II). Statement to the Subcommittee on the Middle East and Central Asia of the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives 26 April, http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0604/S00440.htm (downloaded 21 July 2011)
6. Brzezinski, Z. 1998. "Russia Stumbles Toward Reform". The Wall Street Journal, 7 April
7. Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs. 2003. "Country Assessments-Uzbekistan". Washington, D.C.: US Department of State. http://www.state.gov/p/eur/rls/rpt/23630.htm (downloaded 22 July 2011)
8. Center of SCO Studies, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences. 2003. "Compilation of Materials and Documents of Shanghai Five-Shanghai Co-operation Organization (April 1996-August 2003)". Shanghai: Center of SCO Studies, Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences (in Chinese).
9. Cheng, J. Y. S. 2008. "China's Asian Policy in the Early Twenty-first Century: Adjusting to its Increasing Strength". Journal of Asian Public Policy, 1(3): 237-266.
10. China Insider Briefing. 2009. "Quarter 3". Hong Kong: China Concept Consulting Ltd. http://www.chinaconcept.com (downloaded 21 July 2011)
11. Chung, Chien-peng. 2004. "The Shanghai Co-operation Organization: China's Changing Influence in Central Asia". The China Quarterly, 180: 989-1009.
12. Cooley, A. 14 December 2009. "Cooperation Gets Shanghaied. China, Russia, and the SCO". In Foreign Affairs 14 December, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65724/alexander-cooley/cooperation-gets-shanghaied (downloaded 24 July 2011)
13. Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Kazakhstan. 10 April 2008. "Zhong-Ha 1992-2007 Linian Shuangbian Maoyi (Zhongfang Tongji) [China-Kazakhstan 1992-2007 Annual Bilateral Trade (China's Statistics)]". 10 April, http://kz.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/ddgk/tjsj/fazzn/200804/20080405470975.html (downloaded 21 July 2011)
14. Economic and Commercial Counsellor's Office of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Republic of Tajikistan. 24 February 2004. "Zhong-Ta Jianjiao yilai Shuangbian Jingmao Fazhan Huigu [A Review of Bilateral Economic and Trade Development Since the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations Between China and Tajikistan]". 24 February, http://tj.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/zxhz/tjsj/200402/20040200185745.html (downloaded 23 August 2011)
15. Federal State Statistics Service, Russian Federation. 2009a. "Foreign Trade of the Russian Federation with the CIS Countries". http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b09_12/IssWWW.exe/stg/d02/26-06.htm (downloaded 23 August 2011)
16. Federal State Statistics Service, Russian Federation. 2009b. "Investment of Russia in the Economy of the CIS Countries". http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b09_12/IssWWW.exe/stg/d02/24-12.htm (downloaded 23 August 2011)
17. IMF Statistics Department. 1997. Directions of Trade Statistics Yearbook, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
18. IMF Statistics Department. 2008. Directions of Trade Statistics Yearbook, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund.
19. Jia, Lizheng. 2007. "Goujian Shanghai Hezuo Zuzhi Ziyou Maoyiqu de Zhanlue Sikao [Strategic Considerations on the Establishment of the SCO Free Trade Area]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 1: 75-80.
20. Joint Research Group of the Bureau of Europe and the Institute for International Trade and Economic Co-operation, Ministry of Commerce, People's Republic of China. 2004. "Shanghai Hezuozuzhi Quyu Jingji Hezuo Yanjiu [A Study of Regional Economic Co-operation of the SCO]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 1: 2-13.
21. Jones, A. 13 December 2001. U.S.-Central Asian Co-operation. Testimony to the Subcommittee on Central Asian and the Caucasus of the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate 13 December, http://www.docstoc.com/docs/19246509/Contributions-Of-Central-Asian-Nations-To-The-Campaign-Against-Terrorism-Senate-Congressional-Hearing-107th-Congress (downloaded 23 August 2011)
22. Komissina, I. and Kurtov, A. 2003. China and Central Asia: Problems and Prospects for Cooperation/New Eurasia: Russia and Neighbouring Countries, Moscow: Russian Institute for Strategic Research.
23. Li, Jingjie. 2007. "Kuaru Xinshiji de Zhong E Guanxi [Sino-Russians Entering the New Century]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 2: 55-65.
24. Li, Lifan. 2008. "Oumeng Xin de Zhongya Zhanlue Wanjia [The EU: A New 'Strategic Player' in Central Asia]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [ Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 4: 47-53.
25. Li, Xiaochun and Chen, Cheng. 6 March 2006. "Yanse Geming Jinqian Gonglao Da, Mei Yong Zhongjin Shentou Zhongya Wuguo [Money Played a Major Role in Colour Revolutions, the U.S. Infiltrated the Five Central Asian Countries with Massive Funding]". In Huanqiu Shibao [ Global Times] 6 March, Beijing
26. Liu, Fenghua. 2007. "Zhongguo zai Zhongya: Zhengce de Yanbian [China in Central Asia: Evolution of Its Policy]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 6: 63-72.
27. Lumpe, L. (2010) U.S. Military Aid to Central Asia, 1999-2009: Security Priorities Trump Human Rights and Diplomacy. Open Society Foundations, Central Eurasia Project Occasional Paper Series No. 1. New York. October. http://www.soros.org/initiatives/cep/articles_publications/publications/occasional-paper-20101015/OPS-No-1-20101015.pdf (downloaded 19 July 2011)
28. Ma, Ying. 2002. Quyu Zhuyi yu Fazhanzhong Guojia [Regionalism and Developing Countries], Beijing: Zhongguo Shehiu Kexue Chubanshe.
29. Ministry of Commerce, National Bureau of Statistics and State Administration of Foreign Exchange, People's Republic of China. September 2009. 2008 Niandu Zhongguo Duiwai Zhijie Touzi Tongji Gongbao [2008 Statistical Bulletin of China's Outward Foreign Direct Investment] September, http://hzs.mofcom.gov.cn/accessory/200909/1253868856016.pdf (downloaded 23 August 2011)
30. Nichol, J. 2001. Central Asia's New States: Political Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service, Issue Brief for Congress. http://opencrs.com/document/RL33453 (downloaded 18 May 2011)
31. Nichol, J. 12 May 2006. Central Asia: Regional Developments and Implications for U.S. Interests, 12 May, CRS Issue Brief for Congress. http://opencrs.com/document/RL33458 (downloaded 23 August 2011)
32. Nye, J. 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics, New York: Public Affairs.
33. Pan, Guang. 2001. "Xin Xingshi xia de Shanghai Hezuo Zuzhi: Tiaozhan, Jiyu he Fazhan Qianjing [The SCO in a New Situation: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Development]". Guoji Wenti Yanjiu [International Studies], 5: 38-42 and 18.
34. Pan, Zhiping and Hu, Hongping. 2006. "Zhongya Jiang Hequhecong-'Yanse Geming' Haishi 'Fankong'?) [Whither Central Asia-'Colour Revolutions' or 'Anti-terrorism']". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 2: 51-56.
35. Parrier, B. 4 April 2010. "Chinese-Central Asian Relationship Requires Delicate Balancing Act". 4 April, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. http://www.rferl.org/content/ChineseCentral_Asian_Relationship_Requires_Delicate_Balancing_Acct/2002215.html (downloaded 21 July 2011)
36. Qian, Guangping. 6 February 2007. "Oumeng Zhuanxiang: Zhongya Nengyuan Zhongyu Renquan [The EU Changing Its Direction: Central Asia's Energy Supply Takes Precedence over Human Rights]". In Dongfang Zaobao [Oriental Morning Post] 6 February, Shanghai.
37. Qian, Qichen. 1995. "Shizhong Buyu de Fengxing Duli Zizhu de Heping Waijiao Zhengce [Forever Implementing a Peaceful Foreign Policy of Independence and Self-reliance]". Qiushi Zazhi [Seeking Truth], 12: 5
38. Qu, Xing. 1994. "Shilun Dong'ou Jubian he Sulian Jieti Hou de Zhongguo Duiwai Zhengce [Discussion of China's Foreign Policy Since the Radical Changes in Eastern and the Disintegration of the Soviet Union]". Waijiao Xueyuan Xuebao [Journal of Foreign Affairs College], 4: 16-22.
39. Rice, C. 11 December 2005. "The Promises of Democratic Peace, Why Promoting Freedom is the Only Realistic Path to Security". In The Washington Post 11 December,
40. Rumer, B. 2005. "Central Asia: At the End of the Transition". In Central Asia: At the End of the Transition, Edited by: Rumer, B. 3-70. New York: M.E. Sharpe.
41. Shen, S. X. H. (2011) "Qualitative Energy Diplomacy" in Central Asia: A Comparative Analysis of the Policies of the United States, Russia and China. The Brookings Institution, Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies Visiting Fellow Working Paper. April, Washington, D.C.
42. State Statistical Bureau, People's Republic of China. 2009. China Statistical Yearbook 2009, Beijing: China Statistics Press.
43. Sutter, R. 2000. Chinese Policy Priorities and Their Implications for the United States, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
44. Sutter, R. 2005. China's Rise in Asia-Promises and Perils, Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.
45. Tang, Jiaxuan. 2000. Zhongguo Waijiao Cidian [A Dictionary of China's Foreign Affairs], Beijing: Shijie Zhishi Chubanshe.
46. US House of Representatives. 1998. U.S. Interests in the Central Asian Republics. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives http://commdocs.house.gov/committees/intlrel/hfa48119.000/hfa48119_0.htm (downloaded 12 February 2011)
47. Wan, Guang. 1997. "Meiguo de Xin Zhong Ya Zhanlue [The U.S. New Central Asian Strategy]". Xiandai Guoji Guanxi [Contemporary International Relations], 11: 13-16.
48. Wang, Yong. 2009. Zhongguo Duiwai Shiyou Zhanlue Yanjiu [A Study of China's External Oil Strategy], Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Press.
49. Wishnick, E. 2002. Growing U.S. Security Interests in Central Asia, Carlisle: US Army War College.
50. Wu, Dahui. 2006. "Meiguo zai Dulianti Diqu Cedong Yansegeming de Sanzhong Suqiu-Jianlun Zhong E zai Shanghai Hezuozuzhi Kuangjiaxia Diyu Yansegeming de Dangwu Zhiji [The Three Demands of the U.S. in Launching 'Colour Revolutions' in the CIS Region-Also a Commentary on the Urgent Task of China and Russia in the Defence Against 'Colour Revolutions' within the SCO Framework]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 2: 1-8.
51. Xing, Guangcheng, Wu, Dahui and Wu, Jianjun. 2009. Eluosi Dongou Zhongya Guojia Fazhan Baogao 2009 [Annual Report on Development of Russia, East Europe and Central Asia 2009], Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.
52. Zhang, Baohui. 2004. "American Hegemony and China's U.S. Policy". Asian Perspective, 28(3): 87-113.
53. Zhang, Ning. 2006. "Zhongya Yitihua Hezuo Jizhi Jiqi dui Shanghai Hezuo Zuzhi de Yingxiang [Co-operation Mechanisms Regarding Central Asian Integration and Their Impact on the SCO]". Eluosi Zhongya Dongou Yanjiu [Russian, Central Asian and East European Studies], 6: 66-72.
54. Zheng, Yu. 2007. Zhong E Mei zai Zhongya: Hezuo yu Jingzheng (1991-2007) [Co-operation and Competition: China, Russia and U.S. in Central Asia (1991-2007)], Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press.