The need to consider ion Bernstein waves as a dissipation channel of solar wind turbulence

Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics

Volumn 117, Issue 7, 2012, Pages

  Podesta, John J ^a  

^a Center for Exoplanetary Systems   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84863328189     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699402     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2012JA017770     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. Araneda, J. A., E. Marsch, and A. F.-Viñas (2008), Proton core heating and beam formation via parametrically unstable Alfván-cyclotron waves, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 125003, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.125003. (Pubitemid 351465824)
2. Araneda, J. A., Y. Maneva, and E. Marsch (2009), Preferential heating and acceleration of a particles by Alfván-cyclotron waves, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102, 175001, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.175001.
3. Barnes, A. (1979), Hydromagnetic waves and turbulence in the solar wind, in Solar System Plasma Physics, vol. 1, edited by E. N. Parker, C. F. Kennel, and L. J. Lanzerotti, pp. 249-319, North-Holland, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
4. Barnes, A. (1983), Hydromagnetic waves, turbulence, and collisionless processes in the interplanetary medium, in Solar-Terrestrial Physics: Principles and Theoretical Foundations, Astrophys. Space Sci. Libr., vol. 104, edited by R. L. Carovillano and J. M. Forbes, pp. 155-199, Kluwer Acad., Hingham, Mass.
5. Beinroth, H. J., and F. M. Neubauer (1981), Properties of whistler mode waves between 0.3 and 1.0 AU from HELIOS observations, J. Geophys. Res., 86, 7755-7760.
6. Bernstein, I. B. (1958), Waves in a plasma in a magnetic Field, Phys. Rev., 109, 10-21, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.109.10.
7. Boldyrev, S. (2006), Spectrum of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett., 96, 115002, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.115002.
8. Borovsky, J. E., and S. P. Gary (2011), Electron-ion Coulomb scattering and the electron Landau damping of Alfván waves in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A07101, doi:10.1029/2010JA016403.
9. Bourouaine, S., E. Marsch, and F. M. Neubauer (2010), Correlations between the proton temperature anisotropy and transverse high-frequency waves in the solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L14104, doi:10.1029/ 2010GL043697.
10. Burgess, D., E. Camporeale, and C. Haynes (2011), The dissipation of solar wind turbulent fluctuations at electron scales: Simulations, Abstract SH51D-07 presented at 2011 Fall Meeting, AGU, San Francisco, Calif., 5-9 Dec.
11. Chandran, B. D. G., and J. V. Hollweg (2009), Alfván wave reflection and turbulent heating in the solar wind from 1 solar radius to 1 AU: An analytical treatment, Astrophys. J., 707, 1659-1667, doi:10.1088/ 0004-637X/707/2/1659.
12. Coleman, P. J., Jr. (1968), Turbulence, viscosity, and dissipation in the solar-wind plasma, Astrophys. J., 153, 371-388, doi:10.1086/149674.
13. Cranmer, S. R. (2002), Coronal holes and the high-speed solar wind, Space Sci. Rev., 101, 229-294.
14. Cranmer, S. R. (2009), Coronal holes [online], Living Rev. Sol. Phys., 6, 3. [Available at http://www.livingreviews.org/lrsp-2009-3.]
15. Cranmer, S. R., and A. A. van Ballegooijen (2003), Alfvánic turbulence in the extended solar corona: Kinetic effects and proton heating, Astrophys. J., 594, 573-591, doi:10.1086/376777. (Pubitemid 37223684)
16. Cranmer, S. R., and A. A. van Ballegooijen (2005), On the generation, propagation, and reflection of Alfván waves from the solar photosphere to the distant heliosphere, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 156, 265-293, doi:10.1086/426507. (Pubitemid 40322642)
17. Cranmer, S. R., A. A. van Ballegooijen, and R. J. Edgar (2007), Selfconsistent coronal heating and solar wind acceleration from anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 171, 520-551, doi:10.1086/518001.
18. Cranmer, S. R., W. H. Matthaeus, and B. A. Breech (2009), Empirical constraints on proton and electron heating in the fast solar wind, Astrophys. J., 702, 1604-1614, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/702/2/1604.
19. Denskat, K. U., H. J. Beinroth, and F. M. Neubauer (1983), Interplanetary magnetic field power spectra with frequencies from 2.4 X 10 to the -5th HZ to 470 HZ from HELIOS-observations during solar minimum conditions, J. Geophys., 54, 60-67.
20. Dmitruk, P., W. H. Matthaeus, L. J. Milano, S. Oughton, G. P. Zank, and D. J. Mullan (2002), Coronal heating distribution due to low-frequency, wave-driven turbulence, Astrophys. J., 575, 571-577, doi:10.1086/341188. (Pubitemid 37089246)
21. Gary, S. P. (1986), Low-frequency waves in a high-beta collisionless plasma: Polarization, compressibility, and helicity, J. Plasma Phys., 35, 431-447.
22. Gary, S. P. (1999), Collisionless dissipation wavenumber: Linear theory, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 6759-6762.
23. Gary, S. P., and J. E. Borovsky (2004), Alfván-cyclotron fluctuations: Linear Vlasov theory, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A06105, doi:10.1029/ 2004JA010399.
24. Gary, S. P., R. M. Skoug, J. T. Steinberg, and C. W. Smith (2001), Proton temperature anisotropy constraint in the solar wind: ACE observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 2759-2762, doi:10.1029/2001GL013165. (Pubitemid 32782238)
25. Gautschi, W. (1970), Efficient computation of the complex error function, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 7, 187-198.
26. Goldreich, P., and S. Sridhar (1995), Toward a theory of interstellar turbulence. 2: Strong Alfvenic turbulence, Astrophys. J., 438, 763-775, doi:10.1086/175121.
27. Grappin, R., M. Velli, and A. Mangeney (1993), Nonlinear wave evolution in the expanding solar wind, Phys. Rev. Lett., 70, 2190-2193, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.2190.
28. Hellinger, P., M. Velli, P. Trávní?ek, S. P. Gary, B. E. Goldstein, and P. C. Liewer (2005), Alfván wave heating of heavy ions in the expanding solar wind: Hybrid simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 110, A12109, doi:10.1029/2005JA011244. (Pubitemid 44971468)
29. Hollweg, J. V. (1978), Some physical processes in the solar wind, Rev. Geophys., 16, 689-720.
30. Hollweg, J. V. (1983), Coronal heating by waves, in Solar Wind Five, edited by M. Neugebauer, NASA Conf. Publ., NASA CP-2280, 5-22.
31. Hollweg, J. V. (1986), Transition region, corona, and solar wind in coronal holes, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 4111-4125, doi:10.1029/JA091iA04p04111.
32. Hollweg, J. V., and P. A. Isenberg (2002), Generation of the fast solar wind: A review with emphasis on the resonant cyclotron interaction, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A7), 1147, doi:10.1029/2001JA000270.
33. Howes, G. G., S. C. Cowley, W. Dorland, G. W. Hammett, E. Quataert, and A. A. Schekochihin (2006), Astrophysical gyrokinetics: Basic equations and linear theory, Astrophys. J., 651, 590-614, doi:10.1086/506172. (Pubitemid 44967148)
34. Howes, G. G., S. C. Cowley, W. Dorland, G. W. Hammett, E. Quataert, and A. A. Schekochihin (2008a), A model of turbulence in magnetized plasmas: Implications for the dissipation range in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 113, A05103, doi:10.1029/2007JA012665.
35. Howes, G. G., W. Dorland, S. C. Cowley, G. W. Hammett, E. Quataert, A. A. Schekochihin, and T. Tatsuno (2008b), Kinetic simulations of magnetized turbulence in astrophysical plasmas, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 065004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.065004. (Pubitemid 351393519)
36. Howes, G. G., J. M. Tenbarge, W. Dorland, E. Quataert, A. A. Schekochihin, R. Numata, and T. Tatsuno (2011), Gyrokinetic simulations of solar wind turbulence from ion to electron scales, Phys. Rev. Lett., 107(3), 035004, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.107.035004.
37. Hu, Y. Q., S. R. Habbal, and X. Li (1999), On the cascade process of Alfván waves in the fast solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 24, 819-24, 834, doi:10.1029/1999JA900340.
38. Isenberg, P. A. (1990), Investigations of a turbulence-driven solar wind model, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 6437-6442, doi:10.1029/JA095iA05p06437.
39. Isenberg, P. A. (2001), The kinetic shell model of coronal heating and acceleration by ion cyclotron waves: 2. Inward and outward propagating waves, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29, 249-29, 260, doi:10.1029/2001JA000176. (Pubitemid 33729765)
40. Kasper, J. C., A. J. Lazarus, and S. P. Gary (2008), Hot solar-wind helium: Direct evidence for local heating by Alfván-cyclotron dissipation, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101(26), 261103, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101. 261103.
41. Leamon, R. J., C. W. Smith, N. F. Ness, and H. K. Wong (1999), Dissipation range dynamics: Kinetic Alfván waves and the importance of be, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22, 331-22, 344, doi:10.1029/1999JA900158.
42. Leamon, R. J., W. H. Matthaeus, C. W. Smith, G. P. Zank, D. J. Mullan, and S. Oughton (2000), MHD-driven kinetic dissipation in the solar wind and corona, Astrophys. J., 537, 1054-1062, doi:10.1086/309059.
43. Lengyel-Frey, D., R. A. Hess, R. J. MacDowall, R. G. Stone, N. Lin, A. Balogh, and R. Forsyth (1996), Ulysses observations of whistler waves at interplanetary shocks and in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 27, 555-27, 564.
44. Li, H., S. P. Gary, and O. Stawicki (2001), On the dissipation of magnetic fluctuations in the solar wind, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1347-1350, doi:10.1029/2000GL012501. (Pubitemid 32576044)
45. Li, X., and S. R. Habbal (2001), Damping of fast and ion cyclotron oblique waves in the multi-ion fast solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 10, 669-10, 680, doi:10.1029/2000JA000420. (Pubitemid 33726956)
46. Li, X., S. R. Habbal, J. V. Hollweg, and R. Esser (1999), Heating and cooling of protons by turbulence-driven ion cyclotron waves in the fast solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2521-2536, doi:10.1029/1998JA900126.
47. Liewer, P. C., M. Velli, and B. E. Goldstein (2001), Alfván wave propagation and ion cyclotron interactions in the expanding solar wind: Onedimensional hybrid simulations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29, 261-29, 282, doi:10.1029/2001JA000086.
48. Lin, N., P. J. Kellogg, R. J. MacDowall, E. E. Scime, A. Balogh, R. J. Forsyth, D. J. McComas, and J. L. Phillips (1998), Very low frequency waves in the heliosphere: Ulysses observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 12, 023-12, 036, doi:10.1029/98JA00764.
49. Lin, N., P. J. Kellogg, R. J. MacDowall, D. J. McComas, and A. Balogh (2003), VLF wave activity in the solar wind and the photoelectron effect in electric field measurements: Ulysses observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(19), 8029, doi:10.1029/2003GL017244.
50. MacBride, B. T., C. W. Smith, and M. A. Forman (2008), The turbulent cascade at 1 AU: Energy transfer and the third-order scaling for MHD, Astrophys. J., 679, 1644-1660, doi:10.1086/529575.
51. Marsch, E. (1991a), MHD turbulence in the solar wind, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere, vol. 2, Particles, Waves and Turbulence, Phys. Chem. Space: Space Sol. Phys., vol. 21, edited by R. Schwenn and E. Marsch, pp. 159-241, Springer, Berlin.
52. Marsch, E. (1991b), Kinetic physics of the solar wind plasma, in Physics of the Inner Heliosphere, vol. 2, Particles, Waves and Turbulence, Phys. Chem. Space: Space Sol. Phys., vol. 21, edited by R. Schwenn and E. Marsch, pp. 45-133, Springer, Berlin.
53. Marsch, E. (1999), Dissipation and wave-ion interaction in the solar wind: Links between fluid and kinetic theory, Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 6, 149-160. (Pubitemid 30112973)
54. Marsch, E. (2006), Kinetic physics of the solar corona and solar wind [online], Living Rev. Sol. Phys., 3, 1. [Available at http://www.livingreviews. org/lrsp-2006-1.]
55. Marsch, E., and T. Chang (1983), Electromagnetic lower hybrid waves in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 88, 6869-6880, doi:10.1029/ JA088iA09p06869. (Pubitemid 14471842)
56. Marsch, E., and C.-Y. Tu (2001), Evidence for pitch angle diffusion of solar wind protons in resonance with cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8357-8362, doi:10.1029/2000JA000414.
57. Marsch, E., C. K. Goertz, and K. Richter (1982), Wave heating and acceleration of solar wind ions by cyclotron resonance, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 5030-5044, doi:10.1029/JA087iA07p05030.
58. Marsch, E., C. Vocks, and C.-Y. Tu (2003), On ion-cyclotron-resonance heating of the corona and solar wind, Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 10, 101-112. (Pubitemid 36720396)
59. Marsch, E., X.-Z. Ao, and C.-Y. Tu (2004), On the temperature anisotropy of the core part of the proton velocity distribution function in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A04102, doi:10.1029/2003JA010330.
60. Marsch, E., L. Zhao, and C. Tu (2006), Limits on the core temperature anisotropy of solar wind protons, Ann. Geophys., 24, 2057-2063, doi:10.5194/angeo-24-2057-2006.
61. Matthaeus, W. H., and M. Velli (2011), Who needs turbulence? A review of turbulence effects in the heliosphere and on the fundamental process of reconnection, Space Sci. Rev., 160, 145-168, doi:10.1007/s11214-011- 9793-9.
62. Matthaeus, W. H., G. P. Zank, C. W. Smith, and S. Oughton (1999a), Turbulence, spatial transport, and heating of the solar wind, Phys. Rev. Lett., 82, 3444-3447. (Pubitemid 129689987)
63. Matthaeus, W. H., G. P. Zank, R. J. Leamon, C. W. Smith, D. J. Mullan, and S. Oughton (1999b), Fluctuations, dissipation and heating in the corona, Space Sci. Rev., 87, 269-275, doi:10.1023/A:1005125223740.
64. Matthaeus, W. H., D. J. Mullan, P. Dmitruk, L. Milano, and S. Oughton (2003a), MHD turbulence and heating of the open field-line solar corona, Nonlinear Processes Geophys., 10, 93-100. (Pubitemid 36720395)
65. Matthaeus, W. H., P. Dmitruk, S. Oughton, and D. Mullan (2003b), Turbulent dissipation in the solar wind and corona, in Solar Wind Ten, edited by M. Velli, R. Bruno, and F. Malara, AIP Conf. Proc., 679, 427-432, doi:10.1063/1.1618627.
66. Ng, C. S., A. Bhattacharjee, D. Munsi, P. A. Isenberg, and C. W. Smith (2010), Kolmogorov versus Iroshnikov-Kraichnan spectra: Consequences for ion heating in the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 115, A02101, doi:10.1029/ 2009JA014377.
67. Ono, M. (1993), Ion Bernstein wave heating research, Phys. Fluids B, 5, 241-280, doi:10.1063/1.860569.
68. Oughton, S., W. H. Matthaeus, P. Dmitruk, L. J. Milano, G. P. Zank, and D. J. Mullan (2001), A reduced magnetohydrodynamic model of coronal heating in open magnetic regions driven by reflected low-frequency Alfván waves, Astrophys. J., 551, 565-575, doi:10.1086/320069.
69. Oughton, S., W. H. Matthaeus, C. W. Smith, B. Breech, and P. A. Isenberg (2011), Transport of solar wind fluctuations: A two-component model, J. Geophys. Res., 116, A08105, doi:10.1029/2010JA016365.
70. Parashar, T. N., M. A. Shay, P. A. Cassak, and W. H. Matthaeus (2009), Kinetic dissipation and anisotropic heating in a turbulent collisionless plasma, Phys. Plasmas, 16(3), 032310, doi:10.1063/1.3094062.
71. Parashar, T. N., S. Servidio, M. A. Shay, W. H. Matthaeus, and P. A. Cassak (2010), Orszag Tang vortex-Kinetic study of a turbulent plasma, AIP Conf. Proc., 1216, 304-307, doi:10.1063/1.3395861.
72. Podesta, J. J. (2010), Transient growth in stable linearized Vlasov-Maxwell plasmas, Phys. Plasmas, 17, 122101, doi:10.1063/1.3525092.
73. Podesta, J. J., J. E. Borovsky, and S. P. Gary (2010), A kinetic Alfván wave cascade subject to collisionless damping cannot reach electron scales in the solar wind at 1 AU, Astrophys. J., 712, 685-691.
74. Quataert, E. (1998), Particle heating by Alfvánic turbulence in hot accretion flows, Astrophys. J., 500, 978-991, doi:10.1086/305770.
75. Rappazzo, A. F., M. Velli, G. Einaudi, and R. B. Dahlburg (2008), Nonlinear dynamics of the Parker scenario for coronal heating, Astrophys. J., 677, 1348-1366, doi:10.1086/528786.
76. Sahraoui, F., and M. L. Goldstein (2011), Electron scale solar wind turbulence: Cluster observations and theoretical modeling, AIP Conf. Proc., 1320, 160-165, doi:10.1063/1.3544320.
77. Sahraoui, F., M. L. Goldstein, P. Robert, and Y. V. Khotyaintsev (2009), Evidence of a cascade and dissipation of solar-wind turbulence at the electron gyroscale, Phys. Rev. Lett., 102(23), 231102, doi:10.1103/ PhysRevLett.102. 231102.
78. Sahraoui, F., M. L. Goldstein, K. Abdul-Kader, G. Belmont, L. Rezeau, P. Robert, and P. Canu (2011), Observation and theoretical modeling of electron scale solar wind turbulence, C. R. Phys., 12, 132-140, doi:10.1016/j.crhy.2010. 11.008.
79. Schekochihin, A. A., S. C. Cowley, and W. Dorland (2007), Interplanetaryand interstellar plasma turbulence, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 49, A195, doi:10.1088/0741-3335/49/5A/S16. (Pubitemid 46522444)
80. Schekochihin, A. A., S. C. Cowley, W. Dorland, G. W. Hammett, G. G. Howes, G. G. Plunk, E. Quataert, and T. Tatsuno (2008), Gyrokinetic turbulence: A nonlinear route to dissipation through phase space, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 50, 124024, doi:10.1088/0741-3335/ 50/12/124024.
81. Schekochihin, A. A., S. C. Cowley, W. Dorland, G. W. Hammett, G. G. Howes, E. Quataert, and T. Tatsuno (2009), Astrophysical gyrokinetics: Kinetic and fluid turbulent cascades in magnetized weakly collisional plasmas, Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser., 182, 310-377, doi:10.1088/0067-0049/182/1/310.
82. Smith, C. W., W. H. Matthaeus, G. P. Zank, N. F. Ness, S. Oughton, and J. D. Richardson (2001), Heating of the low-latitude solar wind by dissipation of turbulent magnetic fluctuations, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8253-8272, doi:10.1029/2000JA000366.
83. Smith, C. W., K. Hamilton, B. J. Vasquez, and R. J. Leamon (2006), Dependence of the dissipation range spectrum of interplanetary magnetic fluctuations on the rate of energy cascade, Astrophys. J., 645, L85-L88, doi:10.1086/506151. (Pubitemid 44199755)
84. Smith, C. W., B. J. Vasquez, K. Hamilton, B. T. MacBride, J. A. Tessein, M. A. Forman, and R. J. Leamon (2007), Turbulence spectrum of interplanetary magnetic fluctuations and the rate of energy cascade, AIP Conf. Proc., 932, 96-101.
85. Stawarz, J. E., C. W. Smith, B. J. Vasquez, M. A. Forman, and B. T. MacBride (2009), The turbulent cascade and proton heating in the solar wind at 1 AU, Astrophys. J., 697, 1119-1127, doi:10.1088/ 0004-637X/697/2/1119.
86. Stawicki, O., S. P. Gary, and H. Li (2001), Solar wind magnetic fluctuation spectra: Dispersion versus damping, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 8273-8282, doi:10.1029/2000JA000446.
87. Stix, T. H. (1992), Waves in Plasmas, Am. Inst. of Phys., New York.
88. Svidzinski, V. A., H. Li, H. A. Rose, B. J. Albright, and K. J. Bowers (2009), Particle in cell simulations of fast magnetosonic wave turbulence in the ion cyclotron frequency range, Phys. Plasmas, 16(12), 122310, doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3274559.
89. Swanson, D. G. (2003), Plasma Waves, 2nd ed., Inst. of Phys., Bristol, U. K.
90. Tanaka, M. (1985), Simulations of heavy ion heating by electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves driven by proton temperature anisotropies, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6459-6468, doi:10.1029/JA090iA07p06459.
91. Tu, C. (1988), The damping of interplanetary Alfvánic fluctuations and the heating of the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 7-20.
92. Tu, C., and E. Marsch (2002), Anisotropy regulation and plateau formation through pitch angle diffusion of solar wind protons in resonance with cyclotron waves, J. Geophys. Res., 107(A9), 1249, doi:10.1029/2001JA000150.
93. Tu, C., Z. Pu, and F. Wei (1984), The power spectrum of interplanetary Alfvánic fluctuations: Derivation of the governing equation and its solution, J. Geophys. Res., 89, 9695-9702. (Pubitemid 15423978)
94. Tu, C.-Y., and E. Marsch (1995), MHD structures, waves and turbulence in the solar wind: Observations and theories, Space Sci. Rev., 73, 1-210, doi:10.1007/BF00748891.
95. Usmanov, A. V., W. H. Matthaeus, B. A. Breech, and M. L. Goldstein (2011), Solar wind modeling with turbulence transport and heating, Astrophys. J., 727, 1-13, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/727/2/84.
96. Valentini, F., P. Veltri, F. Califano, and A. Mangeney (2008), Cross-scale effects in solar-wind turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101(2), 025006, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.025006.
97. Valentini, F., F. Califano, and P. Veltri (2011), The kinetic nature of turbulence at short scales in the solar wind, Planet. Space Sci., 59, 547-555, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2009.11.007.
98. van Ballegooijen, A. A., M. Asgari-Targhi, S. R. Cranmer, andE. E. DeLuca (2011), Heating of the solar chromosphere and corona by Alfván wave turbulence, Astrophys. J., 736, 1-27, doi:10.1088/ 0004-637X/736/1/3.
99. Vasquez, B. J., C. W. Smith, K. Hamilton, B. T. MacBride, and R. J. Leamon (2007), Evaluation of the turbulent energy cascade rates from the upper inertial range in the solar wind at 1 AU, J. Geophys. Res., 112, A07101, doi:10.1029/2007JA012305.
100. Velli, M. (2003), MHD turbulence and the heating of astrophysical plasmas, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion, 45(26), A205, doi:10.1088/0741-3335/ 45/12A/014.
101. Verdini, A., and M. Velli (2007), Alfván waves and turbulence in the solar atmosphere and solar wind, Astrophys. J., 662, 669-676, doi:10.1086/ 510710.
102. Verdini, A., M. Velli, W. H. Matthaeus, S. Oughton, and P. Dmitruk (2010), A turbulence-driven model for heating and acceleration of the fast wind in coronal holes, Astrophys. J. Lett., 708, L116-L120, doi:10.1088/ 2041-8205/708/2/L116.
103. Verma, M. K., D. A. Roberts, and M. L. Goldstein (1995), Turbulent heating and temperature evolution in the solar wind plasma, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 19, 839-19, 850, doi:10.1029/95JA01216.
104. Xie, H., L. Ofman, and A. Viñas (2004), Multiple ions resonant heating and acceleration by Alfván/cyclotron fluctuations in the corona and the solar wind, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A08103, doi:10.1029/2004JA010501.
105. Zank, G. P., W. H. Matthaeus, C. W. Smith, and S. Oughton (1999), Heating of the solar wind beyond 1 AU by turbulent dissipation, in Solar Wind Nine, edited by S. R. Habbal et al., AIP Conf. Proc., 471, 523-526.
106. Zhang, Y., H. Matsumoto, and H. Kojima (1998), Bursts of whistler mode waves in the upstream of the bow shock: Geotail observations, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 20, 529-20, 540. (Pubitemid 128665193)