Prioritizing risks and uncertainties from intentional release of selected category A pathogens

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 3, 2012, Pages

  Hong, Tao ^a   Gurian, Patrick L ^b   Huang, Yin ^c   Haas, Charles N ^b  

^a U S ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY   (United States)

^b Drexel University   (United States)

^c CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AIR CONDITIONING; ARTICLE; BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; DECISION MAKING; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; INGESTION; LASSA VIRUS; MONTE CARLO METHOD; NONHUMAN; RISK ASSESSMENT; SMALLPOX VIRUS; STANDARD; YERSINIA PESTIS; EATING; EXPOSURE; HUMAN; RISK; THEORETICAL MODEL; UNCERTAINTY;

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS; VARIOLA; YERSINIA PESTIS;

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS; EATING; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; INHALATION EXPOSURE; MODELS, THEORETICAL; RISK; UNCERTAINTY; YERSINIA PESTIS;

EID: 84863229625     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032732     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Waterer GW, Robertson H, (2009) Bioterrorism for the respiratory physician. Respirology 14: 5-11.
2. Pohanka M, Skladal P, (2009) Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis. The most important bacterial warfare agents- review. Folia Microbiologica 54: 263-272.
3. Webb GF, (2003) A silent bomb: The risk of anthrax as a weapon of mass destruction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100: 4355-4356.
4. Sabelnikov A, Zhukov V, Kempf CR, (2006) Airborne exposure limits for chemical and biological warfare agents: Is everything set and clear? International Journal of Environmental Health Research 16: 241-253.
5. Block SM, (2002) The growing threat of biological weapons. Molecular Biology of the Cell 13: 3-11.
6. Lesperance A, (2008) Catastrophic Incident Recovery: Long-Term Recovery from an Anthrax Event Symposium Richland, WA Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
7. CLTV website. Cleanup of anthrax will cost hundreds of millions of dollars. Available:http://cltv.trb.com/entertainment/bal-te.anthrax18dec18,1,1593731.story.
8. Hong T, (2009) Estimating Risk of Exposure to Bacillus Anthracis based on Environmental Concentration Philadelphia Drexel.
9. Sextro RG, Lorenzetti DM, Sohn MD, Thatcher TL, (2002) Modeling the spread of anthrax in buildings. Proceedings of the Indoor Air 2002 Conference Monterey, CA pp. 506-511.
10. Sinclair R, Boone SA, Greenberg D, Keim P, Gerba CP, (2008) Persistence of category A select agents in the environment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 74: 555-563.
11. Price PN, Sohn MD, Lacommare KSH, McWilliams JA, (2009) Framework for evaluating anthrax risk in buildings. Environmental Science & Technology 43: 1783-1787.
12. Hong T, Gurian PL, Ward NFD, (2010) Setting Risk-Informed Environmental Standards for Bacillus Anthracis Spores. Risk Analysis 30: 1602-1622.
13. Tellier R, (2009) Aerosol transmission of influenza A virus: a review of new studies. Journal of the Royal Society Interface 6: S783-S790.
14. Wein LM, Atkinson MP, (2009) Assessing Infection Control Measures for Pandemic Influenza. Risk Analysis 29: 949-962.
15. Atkinson MP, Wein LM, (2008) Quantifying the routes of transmission for pandemic influenza. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 70: 820-867.
16. Nicas M, Gang S, (2006) An integrated model of infection risk in a health-care environment. Risk Analysis 26: 1085-1096.
17. Nicas M, Best D, (2008) A study quantifying the hand-to-face contact rate and its potential application to predicting respiratory tract infection. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5: 347-352.
18. Weber TP, Stilianakis NI, (2008) Inactivation of influenza A viruses in the environment and modes of transmission: A critical review. Journal of Infection 57: 361-373.
19. Aledort J, Lurie N, Wasserman J, Bozzette S, (2007) Non-pharmaceutical public health interventions for pandemic influenza: an evaluation of the evidence base. Bmc Public Health 7: 208.
20. Smieszek T, (2009) A mechanistic model of infection: why duration and intensity of contacts should be included in models of disease spread. Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling 6: 25.
21. Julian TR, Canales RA, Leckie JO, Boehm AB, (2009) A Model of Exposure to Rotavirus from Nondietary Ingestion Iterated by Simulated Intermittent Contacts. Risk Analysis 29: 617-632.
22. Ferguson AC, Canales RA, Beamer P, Auyeung W, Key M, et al. (2006) Video methods in the quantification of children's exposures. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 16: 287-298.
23. Lathem WW, Crosby SD, Miller VL, Goldman WE, (2005) Progression of primary pneumonic plague: A mouse model of infection, pathology, and bacterial transcriptional activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102: 17786-17791.
24. Titball RW, Sjostedt A, (2003) Francisella tularensis: an overview. Asm News 69: 558-563.
25. Djavani M, Yin C, Xia L, Lukashevich IS, Pauza CD, et al. (2000) Murine immune responses to mucosally delivered Salmonella expressing Lassa fever virus nucleoprotein. Vaccine 18: 1543-1554.
26. Roman S, (2008) Advanced Linear Algebra New York Springer.
27. Nazaroff WW, Cass GR, (1989) Mathemtical-modeling of indoor aerosol dynamics. Environmental Science & Technology 23: 157-166.
28. Xu MD, Nematollahi M, Sextro RG, Gadgil AJ, Nazaroff WW, (1994) Deposition of tobacco-smoke particles in a low ventilation room. Aerosol Science and Technology 20: 194-206.
29. Lai ACK, Nazaroff WW, (2000) Modeling indoor particle deposition from turbulent flow onto smooth surfaces. Journal of Aerosol Science 31: 463-476.
30. Haas CN, Rose JB, Gerba CP, (1999) Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment New York Wiley.
31. Haas CN, (2002) Conditional dose-response relationships for microorganisms: Development and application. Risk Analysis 22: 455-463.
32. Bartrand TA, Weir MH, Haas CN, (2008) Dose-response models for inhalation of Bacillus anthracis spores: Interspecies comparisons. Risk Analysis 28: 1115-1124.
33. Lim DV, Simpson JM, Kearns EA, Kramer MF, (2005) Current and developing technologies for monitoring agents of bioterrorism and biowarfare. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 18: 583-607.
34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases. Available: http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp. Accessed 2012 Feb 8.
35. Morgan MG, Henrion M, Morris SC, Amaral DAL, (1985) Uncertainty in risk assessment. Environmental Science & Technology 19: 662-667.
36. Mitchell-Blackwood J, Gurian PL, (2010) Finding Risk-Based Switchover Points for Response Decisions for Environmental Exposure to Bacillus anthracis (in press). Human and Ecological Risk Assessment.
37. Huang Y, Hong T, Bartrand TA, Gurian PL, Haas CN, et al. (2010) How sensitive is safe? Risk-based targets for ambient monitoring of pathogens. Sensors Journal, IEEE 10: 668-673.
38. West JS, Atkins SD, Emberlin J, Fitt BDL, (2008) PCR to predict risk of airborne disease. Trends in Microbiology 16: 380-387.
39. Dorevitch S, Ashbolt NJ, Ferguson CM, Fujioka R, McGee CD, et al. (2010) Meeting Report: Knowledge and Gaps in Developing Microbial Criteria for Inland Recreational Waters. Environ Health Perspect 118: 871-876.
40. Bae S, Wuertz S, (2009) Discrimination of Viable and Dead Fecal Bacteroidales Bacteria by Quantitative PCR with Propidium Monoazide. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75: 2940-2944.
41. Ruijter JM, Ramakers C, Hoogaars WMH, Karlen Y, Bakker O, et al. (2009) Amplification efficiency: linking baseline and bias in the analysis of quantitative PCR data. Nucleic Acids Research 37: e45.
42. Bushon RN, Kephart CM, Koltun GF, Francy DS, Schaefer FW, et al. (2010) Statistical assessment of DNA extraction reagent lot variability in real-time quantitative PCR. Letters in Applied Microbiology 50: 276-282.
43. Busson B, (1911) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Lebensdauer von Bacterium coli und Milzbrandsporen. pp. 58.
44. Mitscherlich E, Marth EH, (1984) Microbial survival in the environment: bacteria and rickettsiae important in human and animal health Berlin, Germany Springer-Verlag.
45. Graham-Smith GS, (1930) The longevity of dry spores of B. anthracis. Journal of Hydrology 30: 213-215.
46. Novel R, Reh T, (1947) De la longevite des spores du Bacillus anthracis et de la conservation des pouvoirs pathogene et antigene. Schweiz Z Pathol Bakteriol 10: 180-192.
47. Szekely AV, (1903) Beitrag zur Lebensdauer der Milzbrandsporen. Z Hyg Infectionskrankh 44: 359-363.
48. Won WD, Ross H, (1966) Effect of diluent and relative humidity on apparent viability of airborne pasteurella pestis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 14: 742-745.
49. Rose LJ, Donlan R, Banerjee SN, Arduino MJ, (2003) Survival of Yersinia pestis on environmental surfaces. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69: 2166-2171.
50. Wilkinson TR, (1966) Survival Of Bacteria On Metal Surfaces. Applied Microbiology 14: 303-307.
51. Cox CS, Goldberg LJ, (1972) Aerosol Survival Of Pasteurella-Tularensis And Influence Of Relative Humidity. Applied Microbiology 23: 1-3.
52. Cox CS, (1971) Aerosol Survival Of Pasteurella-Tularensis Disseminated From Wet And Dry States. Applied Microbiology 21: 482-486.
53. Ehrlich R, Miller S, (1973) Survival Of Airborne Pasteurella-Tularensis At Different Atmospheric Temperatures. Applied Microbiology 25: 369-372.
54. Harper GJ, (1961) Airborne Micro-Organisms-Survival Tests With 4 Viruses. Journal of Hygiene 59: 479-486.
55. Harper GJ, (1963) The influence of environment on the survival of airborne virus particles in the laboratory. Arch Gesamte Virusforsch 13: 64-71.
56. Mahl MC, Sadler C, (1975) Virus Survival On Inanimate Surfaces. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 21: 819-823.
57. Stephenson EH, Larson EW, Dominik JW, (1984) Effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced lassa virus infection. Journal of Medical Virology 14: 295-303.
58. Hardestam J, Simon M, Hedlund KO, Vaheri A, Klingstom J, et al. (2007) Ex vivo stability of the rodent-borne hantaan virus in comparison to that of arthropod-borne members of the Bunyaviridae family. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73: 2547-2551.
59. Altboum Z, Gozes Y, Barnea A, Pass A, White M, et al. (2002) Postexposure prophylaxis against anthrax: Evaluation of various treatment regimens in intranasally infected guinea pigs. Infection and Immunity 70: 6231-6241.
60. Day WC, Berendt RF, (1972) Experimental tularemia in Macaca mulatta: relationship of aerosol particle size to the infectivity of airborne Pasteurella tularensis. Infect Immun 5: 77-82.
61. Marshall RG, Gerone PJ, (1961) Susceptibility of suckling mice to variola virus. J Bacteriol 82: 15-19.
62. @RISK website. Available: http://www.palisade.com. Accessed 2011 Oct 10.