Finding risk-based switchover points for response decisions for environmental exposure to Bacillus anthracis

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Volumn 17, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 489-509

  Mitchell Blackwood, Jade ^a   Gurian, Patrick L ^a   O'Donnell, Cara ^b  

^a Drexel University   (United States)

^b Science and Technology Policy Institute   (United States)

Author keywords

Bacillus anthracis; Bioterrorism; Cost benefit analysis; Decision model; Response strategies; Risk threshold

Indexed keywords

BACILLUS ANTHRACIS;

EID: 79956344247     PISSN: 10807039     EISSN: 15497860     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10807039.2011.552401     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Arrow KJ, Cropper ML, Eads GC, et al. 1996. Is there a role for benefit-cost analysis in environmental, health, and safety regulation? Science 272(5259):221-222
2. Baccam P and Boechler M. 2007. Public health response to an anthrax attack: An evaluation of vaccination policy options. Biosecur Bioterror 5(1):26-34
3. Bartrand TA, Weir MH, and Haas CN. 2008. Dose-response models for inhalation of bacillus anthracis spores: Interspecies comparisons. Risk Anal 28(4):1115-1124
4. Blomqvist Ñ. 2002. Defining the value of a statistical life: A comment. J Health Econ 21(1):169-175
5. Braithwaite RS, Fridsma D, and Roberts MS. 2006. The cost-effectiveness of strategies to reduce mortality from an intentional release of aerosolized anthrax spores. Med Decis Mak 26(2):182-193
6. Bravata DM, Zaric GS, Holty JEC, et al. 2006. Reducing mortality from anthrax bioterrorism: Strategies for stockpiling and dispensing medical and pharmaceutical supplies. Biosecur Bioterror 4(3):244-262
7. Brookmeyer R, Johnson E, and Bollinger R. 2004. Public health vaccination policies for containing an anthrax outbreak. Nature 432(7019):901-904
8. Burns WJ and Slovic P. 2007. The diffusion of fear: Modeling community response to a terrorist strike. J Defense Modeling Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 4(4):426-445
9. Canter DA. 2005 Remediating anthrax-contaminated sites: Learning from the past to protect the future. Chem Health Safety 12(4):13-19
10. Canter DA, Gunning D, Rodgers P, et al. 2005. Remediation of Bacillus anthracis contamination in the U.S. Department of Justice Mail Facility. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 3(2):119-27
11. Clemen RT and Reilly T. 2001. Making Hard Decisions, 2nd edit. Duxbury Thomson Learning, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
12. Craft DL, Wein LM, and Wilkins AH. 2005. Analyzing bioterror response logistics: The case of anthrax. Manage Sci 51(5):679-94
13. Dockins C, Maguire K, Simon N, et al. 2004. Value of Statistical Life Analysis and Environmental Policy: A White Paper. Prepared by the National Center for Environmental Economics, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, for Presentation to the Environmental Economics Advisory Committee of the Science Advisory Board. Available at http://yosemite.epa.gov/ee/epa/eerm.nsf/vwFUS/41DD6DBAE46D241B85256E89005C2989
14. Fowler RA, Sanders GD, Bravata DM, et al. 2005. Cost-effectiveness of defending against bioterrorism: A comparison of vaccination and antibiotic prophylaxis against anthrax. Ann Intern Med 142(8):601-610
15. Friedlander AM, Pittman PR, and Parker GW. 1999. Anthrax vaccine-Evidence for safety and efficacy against inhalational anthrax. JAMA 282(22):2104-2106
16. GAO (Government Accountability Office). 2003. Capitol Hill Anthrax Incident EPA's Cleanup Was Successful; Opportunities Exist to Enhance Contract Oversight. GAO-03-686. Washington, DC, USA
17. Grabenstein JD. 2008. Vaccines: Countering anthrax: Vaccines and immunoglobulins. Clin Infecti Dis 46(1):129-36
18. Graham JD and Vaupel JW. 1981. Value of a life: What difference does it make? Risk Anal 1(1):89-95
19. Heyman DA, Achterberg J, and Laszlo J. 2002. Lessons from the Anthrax Attacks: Implications for U.S. Bioterrorism Preparedness: A Report on a National Forum on Biodefense. Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC, USA
20. Hong T. 2009. Estimating Risk of Exposure to Bacillus Anthracis Based on Environmental Concentrations. Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
21. Huang Y, Hong, T, Bartrand TA, et al. 2010. How sensitive is safe? Risk-based targets for ambient monitoring of pathogens. IEEE Sensors J 10(3):668-673
22. Joellenbeck LM, Zwanziger LL, Durch JS, et al. 2002. The Anthrax Vaccine. Is It Safe? Does It Work? National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA
23. Johansson P-O. 2001. Is there a meaningful definition of the value of a statistical life? J Health Econ 20(1):131-139
24. Kaufmann AF, Meltzer MI, and Schmid GP. 1997. The economic impact of a bioterrorist attack: Are prevention and post attack intervention programs justifiable? Emerg Infect Dis 3(2):83-94
25. Lustig N, Spargo K, Carver W, et al. 2001. Update: Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax-Connecticut. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 50(48):1077
26. Martin GB. 2008. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. Personal Communication, February 2008
27. Milke JA and Caro TC. 1997. Survey of occupant load factors in contemporary office buildings. J Fire Protect Engineer 8(4):169-182
28. Moran GJ, Talan DA, and Abrahamian FM. 2008. Biological terrorism. Infectious disease clinics of North America 22(1):145-187
29. Price PN., Hamachi, K, McWilliams, J, and Sohn, M. 2009. Anthrax Sampling and Decontamination: Technology Trade-Offs, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBNL Paper LBNL-1519E. Available at http://www.osti.gov/bridge/purl.cover.jsp;jsessionid= 5343ABED8EB6C655FBA158F9C43AF58F?purl=/948503-9AToks/
30. Reissman DB, Whitney EAS, Taylor TH, Jr, et al. 2004. One-year health assessment of adult survivors of bacillus anthracis infection. JAMA 291(16):1994-1998
31. Rose AZ. 2009. A framework for analyzing the total economic impacts of terrorist attacks and natural disasters. J Homel Secur Emerg Manag 6(1) DOI: 10.2202/1547-7355.1399 Available at http://www.bepress.com/jhsem/vol6/iss1/9
32. Schmitt B, Dobrez D, Parada JP, et al. 2007. Responding to a small-scale bioterrorist anthrax attack-Cost-effectiveness analysis comparing pre attack vaccination with post attack antibiotic treatment and vaccination. Arch Intern Med 167(7):655-662
33. Shepard CW, Soriano-Gabarro M, Zell ER, et al. 2002. Antimicrobial Post exposure prophylaxis for anthrax: Adverse events and adherence. Emerg Infect Dis 8(10):1124-1132
34. US Census Bureau 2009. The 2009 Statistical Abstract, Table 101. Average Number of Years of Life Remaining by Sex and Age: 1989 to 2005. Available at http://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/cats/birthsdeathsmarriagesdivorces/life expectancy.html
35. USEPA (US Environmental Protection Agency). 1999. Analytical Guidance Documents, Chapter 8: Methodological Issues, 8.3 Discounting Costs and Benefits. Available at http://www.epa.gov/ttnecas1/econdata/Rmanual2/8.3.html (accessed August 20, 2009)
36. USEPA. 2000. Guidelines for Preparing Economic Analyses. EPA-240-R-00-003. Washington, DC, USA
37. Viscusi WK. 2004. The value of life: Estimates with risks by occupation and industry. Economic Inquiry 4229-4248
38. Viscusi W. 2008. How to value a life. J Econ Finance 32(4):311-323
39. Wallin A, Lukšiene Ž, Žagminas K, et al. 2007. Public health and bioterrorism: Renewed threat of anthrax and smallpox. Medicina (Kaunas) 43(4):278-284
40. Webb GF. 2003. A silent bomb: The risk of anthrax as a weapon of mass destruction. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(8):4355-4356
41. Wein LM and Craft DL. 2005. Evaluation of public health interventions for anthrax: A report to the Secretary's Council on Public Health Preparedness. Biosecur Bioterror 3(4):348-356
42. Wein LM, Craft DL, and Kaplan EH. 2003. Emergency response to an anthrax attack. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100(7):4346-4351
43. Wein LM, Liu YF, and Leighton TJ. 2005. HEPA/vaccine plan for indoor anthrax remediation. Emerg Infect Dis 11(1):69-76
44. Weiss MM, Weiss PD, and Weiss JB. 2007. Anthrax vaccine and public health policy. Am J Public Health 97(11):1945-51
45. Zaric GS, Bravata DM, Holty JEC, et al. 2008. Modeling the logistics of response to anthrax bioterrorism. Med Decis Mak 28(3):332-350
46. Zeckhauser R. 1975. Procedures for valuing lives. Public Policy 23(4):419