Shear-Stress Partitioning in Live Plant Canopies and Modifications to Raupach's Model

Boundary-Layer Meteorology

Volumn 144, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 217-241

  Walter, Benjamin ^a,b   Gromke, Christof ^a   Lehning, Michael ^a,b  

^a WSL INSTITUTE FOR SNOW AND AVALANCHE RESEARCH SLF   (Switzerland)

^b EPFL   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Boundary layer flow; Drag partitioning; Irwin sensor; Shear stress ratio; Vegetation canopy; Wind tunnel

Indexed keywords

ACCURATE PREDICTION; FLUID STRESS; LOLIUM PERENNE; MODEL PARAMETERS; PARTICLE ENTRAINMENT; PLANT CANOPIES; PLANT SPECIES; ROUGHNESS DENSITY; ROUGHNESS ELEMENTS; SAND EROSION; SHAPE DIFFERENCE; SHEAR-STRESS RATIO; SURFACE SHEAR; VEGETATION CANOPY; WIND VELOCITIES; WOODEN BLOCKS;

BOUNDARY LAYER FLOW; DRAG; VEGETATION; WIND TUNNELS;

SHEAR STRESS;

BOUNDARY LAYER; CANOPY; DRAG; MODELING; SHEAR STRESS; SURFACE ROUGHNESS; VEGETATION; WIND TUNNEL;

LOLIUM PERENNE;

EID: 84863102114     PISSN: 00068314     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10546-012-9719-4     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Arya SPS (1975) A drag partition theory for determining the large-scale roughness parameter and wind stress on the Arctic pack ice. J Geophys Res 80: 3447-3454.
2. Bagnold R (1941) The physics of blown sand and desert dunes. Meghuen, London 265 pp.
3. Brown S, Nickling WG, Gillies JA (2008) A wind tunnel examination of shear stress partitioning for an assortment of surface roughness distributions. J Geophys Res. doi: 10. 1029/2007JF000790.
4. Burri K, Gromke C, Graf F (2011a) Mycorrhizal fungi protect the soil from wind erosion: a wind tunnel study. Land Degrad Dev. doi: 10. 1002/ldr. 1136.
5. Burri K, Gromke C, Lehning M, Graf F (2011b) Aeolian sediment transport over vegetation canopies: a wind tunnel study with live plants. Aeolian Res 3: 205-213.
6. Clifton A, Lehning M (2008) Improvement and validation of a snow saltation model using wind tunnel measurements. Earth Surface Process Landf 33: 2156-2173. doi: 10. 1002/Esp. 1673.
7. Clifton A, Ruedi JD, Lehning M (2006) Snow saltation threshold measurements in a drifting-snow wind tunnel. J Glaciol 52(179): 585-596.
8. Clifton A, Manes C, Ruedi JD, Guala M, Lehning M (2008) On shear-driven ventilation of snow. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 126: 249-261.
9. Crawley DM, Nickling WG (2003) Drag partition for regularly-arrayed rough surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 107: 445-468.
10. Gillies JA, Nickling WG, King J (2002) Drag coefficient and plant form response to wind speed in three plant species: burning Bush (Euonymus alatus), Colorado Blue Spruce (Picea pungens glauca.), and Fountain Grass (Pennisetum setaceum). J Geophys Res. doi: 10. 1029/2001JD001259.
11. Gillies JA, Nickling WG, King J (2007) Shear stress partitioning in large patches of roughness in the atmospheric inertial sublayer. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 122: 367-396.
12. Gromke C, Ruck B (2008) Aerodynamic modelling of trees for small-scale wind tunnel studies. Forestry 81: 243-258.
13. Gromke C, Manes C, Walter B, Lehning M, Guala M (2011) Aerodynamic roughness length of fresh snow. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. doi: 10. 1007/s10546-011-9623-3.
14. Guala M, Manes C, Clifton A, Lehning M (2008) On the saltation of fresh snow in a wind tunnel: profile characterization and single particle statistics. J Geophys Res Earth Surf 113: F03024.
15. Irwin HPAH (1981) A simple omnidirectional sensor for wind-tunnel studies of pedestrian-level winds. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 7: 219-239.
16. King J, Nickling WG, Gillies JA (2006) Aeolian shear stress ratio measurements within mesquite-dominated landscapes of the Chihuahuan Desert, New Mexico, USA. Geomorphology 82: 229-244.
17. Lyles L, Allison BE (1975) Wind erosion: uniformly spacing nonerodible elements eliminates effects of wind direction variability. J Soil Water Conserv 30: 225-226.
18. Marshall JK (1971) Drag measurements in roughness arrays of varying density and distribution. Agric Meteorol 8: 269-292.
19. Musick HB, Gillette DA (1990) Field evaluation of relationships between a vegetation structural parameter and sheltering against wind erosion. Land Deg Rehabil 2: 87-94.
20. Musick HB, Trujillo SM, Truman CR (1996) Wind-tunnel modelling of the influence of vegetation structure on saltation threshold. Earth Surf Process Landf 21: 589-605.
21. Raupach MR (1992) Drag and drag partition on rough surfaces. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 60: 375-395.
22. Raupach MR, Antonia RA, Rajagopalan S (1991) Rough-wall turbulent boundary layers. Appl Mech Rev 44: 1-25.
23. Raupach MR, Gillette DA, Leys JF (1993) The effect of roughness elements on wind erosion threshold. J Geophys Res 98: 3023-3029.
24. Schlichting H (1936) Experimental investigations of the problem of surface roughness. NASA technical memorandum 823, Washington, DC.
25. Shao Y, Yang Y (2005) A scheme for drag partition over rough surfaces. Atmos Environ 39: 7351-7361.
26. Shao Y, Yang Y (2008) A theory for drag partition over rough surfaces. J Geophys Res 113: F02S05.
27. Walter B, Gromke C, Lehning M (2009) The SLF boundary layer wind tunnel-an experimental facility for aerodynamical investigations of living plants. In: 2nd international conference on wind effects on trees, Freiburg, Germany.
28. Walter B, Gromke C, Leonard K, Clifton A, Lehning M (2012a) Spatially resolved skin friction velocity measurements using Irwin sensors: a calibration and accuracy analysis. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn. doi: 10. 1016/j. jweia. 2012. 02. 018.
29. Walter B, Gromke C, Leonard K, Manes C, Lehning M (2012b) Spatio-temporal surface shear stress variability in live plant canopies and cube arrays. Boundary-Layer Meteorol. doi: 10. 1007/s10546-011-9690-5.
30. Wolfe SA, Nickling WG (1996) Shear stress partitioning in sparsely vegetated desert canopies. Earth Surf Process Landf 21: 607-619.
31. Wooding RA, Bradley EF, Marshall JK (1973) Drag due to regular arrays of roughness elements of varying geometry. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 5: 285-308.
32. Wyatt VE, Nickling WG (1997) Drag and shear stress partitioning in sparse desert creosote communities. Can J Earth Sci 34: 1486-1498.