Preparation and properties of flame retardant polypropylene with an intumescent system encapsulated by thermoplastic polyurethane

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 35-47

  Lai, Xuejun ^a   Zeng, Xingrong ^a   Li, Hongqiang ^a   Liao, Feng ^a   Zhang, Haili ^a   Yin, Changyu ^a  

^a SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

encapsulation; intumescent flame retardant; polypropylene; thermal stability; thermoplastic polyurethane; water resistance

Indexed keywords

ESTERIFICATION REACTIONS; FLAME RETARDANCY; FLAME-RETARDANT POLYPROPYLENE; INTUMESCENT FLAME RETARDANT; INTUMESCENT SYSTEMS; PP MATRIX; PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES; THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANE; THERMOPLASTIC POLYURETHANES; WATER-RESISTANCES;

ENCAPSULATION; ESTERIFICATION; FLAME RESISTANCE; FLAME RETARDANTS; LEACHING; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; MELAMINE FORMALDEHYDE RESINS; POLYURETHANES; REINFORCED PLASTICS; THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THERMOPLASTICS;

POLYPROPYLENES;

EID: 84863037376     PISSN: 00222348     EISSN: 1525609X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2011.564099     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Bourbigot, S.; Le Bras, M.; Duquesne, S.; Rochery, M. Recent advances for intumescent polymers. Macromol. Mater. Eng. 2004, 289, 499-511.
2. Almeras, X.; Le Bras, A.; Bourbigot, S.; Hornsby, P.;Marosi, G.;Anna, P.; Poutch, F. Intumescent PP blends. Polym. Polym. Compos. 2003, 11, 691-702.
3. Bourbigot, S.; LeBras, M.; Delobel, R.; Breant, P.; Tremillon, J.M. 4A zeolite synergistic agent in new flame retardant intumescent formulations of polyethylenic polymers: Study of the effect of the constituent monomers. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1996, 54, 275-287. (Pubitemid 126410874)
4. Demir,H.; Arkis, E.; Balkose,D.; Ulku, S. Synergistic effect of natural zeolites on flame retardant additives. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 89, 478-483. (Pubitemid 40785702)
5. Almeras, X.; Le Bras, M.; Hornsby, P.; Bourbigot, S.; Marosi, G.; Keszei, S.; Poutch, F. Effect of fillers on the fire retardancy of intumescent polypropylene compounds. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2003, 82, 325-331.
6. Nie, S.B.; Hu, Y.; Song, L.; He, S.Q.; Yang, D.D. Study on a novel and efficient flame retardant synergist-nanoporous nickel phosphates VSB-1 with intumescent flame retardants in polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 489-495.
7. Chen, X.C.; Ding, Y.P.; Tang, T. Synergistic effect of nickel formate on the thermal and flameretardant properties of polypropylene. Polym. Int. 2005, 54, 904-908. (Pubitemid 40707122)
8. Atikler, U.; Demir, H.; Tokath, F.; Tihminlioglu, F.; Balkose, D.; Ulku, S. Optimisation of the effect of colemanite as a new synergistic agent in an intumescent system. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2006, 91, 1563-1570.
9. Li, Y.; Yin, B.; Yang, M.B.; Feng, J.M. Effect of ultrafine full-vulcanized powdered rubber on the properties of the intumescent fire retardant polypropylene. J. Macromol. Sci. Phys. 2010, 49, 143-154.
10. Wang, J.J.;Wang, L.; Xiao, A.G. Recent research progress on the flame-retardant mechanism of halogen-free flame retardant polypropylene. Polym. Plast. Technol. 2009, 48, 297-302.
11. Delobela,R.; LeBrasa, M.;Leroya, J.M. Fire retardance of polypropylene: Action of diammonium pyrophosphate-pentaerythritol intumescent mixture. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 1989, 23, 349-357.
12. Chiu, S.H.; Wang, W.K. Dynamic flame retardancy of polypropylene filled with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine additives. Polymer 1998, 39, 1951-1955.
13. Ma, Z.L.; Gao, J.G.; Niu, H.J.; Ding, H.T.; Zhang, J. Polypropylene-intumescent flame-retardant composites based on meleated polypropylene as a coupling agent. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2002, 85, 257-262. (Pubitemid 34554907)
14. Chen, Y.H.; Wang, Q. Reaction of melamine phosphate with pentaerythritol and its products for flame retardation of polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2007, 18, 587-600. (Pubitemid 47272438)
15. Liu, M.F.; Liu, Y.;Wang, Q. Flame-retarded poly(propylene) with melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol/ polyurethane composite charring agent. Macromol.Mater. Eng. 2007, 292, 206-213. (Pubitemid 46996298)
16. Chen, Y.H.; Liu, Y.;Wang, Q.; Yin, H.A.; Aelmans, N.; Kierkels, R. Performance of intumescent flame retardant master batch synthesized through twin-screw reactively extruding technology: Effect of component ratio. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2003, 81, 215-224.
17. Wang, Q.; Chen, Y.H.; Liu, Y.; Yin, H.; Aelmans, N.; Kierkeis, R. Performance of an intumescent-flame-retardant master batch synthesized by twin-screw reactive extrusion: Effect of the polypropylene carrier resin. Polym. Int. 2004, 53, 439-448. (Pubitemid 38423464)
18. Ni, J.X.; Song, L.; Hu, Y.; Zhang, P.; Xing, W.Y. Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane shell by in situ polymerization and its flame retardance in polyurethane. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2009, 20, 999-1005.
19. Giraud, S.; Bourbigot, S.; Rochery, M.; Vroman, I.; Tighzert, L.; Delobel, R. Microencapsulation of phosphate: Application to flame retarded coated cotton. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2002, 77, 285-297. (Pubitemid 34772654)
20. Wang, J.C.; Chen, Y.H. Microencapsulation of intumescent flame-retardant agent: Application to flame-retardant natural rubber composite. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2007, 104, 1828-1838.
21. Wu, K.;Wang, Z.Z.; Liang, H.J. Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardance in polypropylene. Polym. Compos. 2008, 29, 854-860.
22. Wu, K.; Song, L.; Wang, Z.Z.; Hu, Y. Microencapsulation of ammonium polyphosphate with PVA-melamine-formaldehyde resin and its flame retardance in polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1914-1921.
23. Ni, J.X.; Tai, Q.L.; Lu, H.D.; Hu, Y.; Song, L. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane shell: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardance in polyurethane. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2010, 21, 392-400.
24. Zhou, S.; Lu, H.D.; Song, L.; Wang, Z.Z.; Hu, Y.; Ni, J.X.; Xing, W.Y. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane shell: Application to flame retarded polypropylene/ethylene-propylene diene terpolymer blends. J.Macromol. Sci. Pure Appl. Chem. 2009, 46, 136-144.
25. Wu, K.; Wang, Z.Z.; Hu, Y. Microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with urea-melamineformaldehyde shell: Preparation, characterization, and its flame retardance in polypropylene. Polym. Adv. Technol. 2008, 19, 1118-1125.
26. Saihi, D.;Vroman, I.;Giraud, S.;Bourbigot, S.Microencapsulation of ammonium phosphate with a polyurethane shell part 1: Coacervation technique. React. Funct. Polym. 2005, 64, 127-138. (Pubitemid 41260424)
27. Saihi, D.; Vroman, I.; Giraud, S.; Bourbigot, S. Microencapsulation of ammonium phosphate with a polyurethane shell. Part II. Interfacial polymerization technique. React. Funct. Polym. 2006, 66, 1118-1125. (Pubitemid 44331665)
28. LeBras, M.; Bugajny, M.; Lefebvre, J.M.; Bourbigot, S. Use of polyurethanes as char-forming agents in polypropylene intumescent formulations. Polym. Int. 2000, 49, 1115-1124.
29. Jiao, Y.H.; Wang, X.L.; Wang, Y.Z.; et al. Thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of flame-retardant polypropylene/thermoplastic polyurethane blends. J.Macromol. Sci. Phys. 2009, 48, 889-909.
30. Liu, Y.; Liu, M.F.; Xie, D.Y.; Wang, Q. Thermoplastic polyurethane-encapsulated melamine phosphate flame retardant polyoxymethylene. Polym. Plast. Technol. 2008, 47, 330-334. (Pubitemid 351338333)
31. Nie, S.B.; Song, L.; Hu, Y.; Cai, Y.B.; Zhan, J.; Guo, Y.Q. The catalyzing carbonization properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS)/rare earth oxide (La2O3)/organophilic montmorillonite (OMT) nanocomposites. J. Polym. Res. 2010, 17, 83-88.
32. Chen, X.L.; Jiao, C.M. Synergistic effects of hydroxy silicone oil on intumescent flame retardant polypropylene system. J. Polym. Res. 2009, 16, 537-543.
33. Lv, P.; Wang, Z.Z.; Hu, K.L.; Fan, W.C. Flammability and thermal degradation of flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol derivatives. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 2005, 90, 523-534. (Pubitemid 41376418)