A comparison of the atmospheric conditions at Eureka, Canada, and Barrow, Alaska (2006-2008)

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 117, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Rowe, Penny M ^a   Cox, Christopher J ^a   Walden, Von P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IDAHO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUDGET CONTROL; CLIMATE CHANGE; SEA ICE;

AIR MASS; ARCTIC OCEAN; ARCTIC SEA ICE; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAMS; BROADBAND MEASUREMENTS; CLOUD PROPERTIES; DOWN-WELLING; DRY AIR; GREENLAND ICE SHEET; GROUND BASED MEASUREMENT; INDEPENDENT MEASUREMENT; INFRARED RADIANCES; LONG WAVES; LONG-WAVE RADIATION; METEOROLOGICAL CONDITION; PYRGEOMETERS; REANALYSIS; SEA ICE EXTENT; SURFACE ENERGY BUDGET;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;

AIR MASS; AIR TEMPERATURE; CLIMATE CHANGE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; ENERGY BUDGET; GROUND-BASED MEASUREMENT; HUMIDITY; INFRARED RADIATION; LONGWAVE RADIATION; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; SEA ICE; SURFACE ENERGY; WIND PROFILE;

ALASKA; ARCTIC OCEAN; BARROW; CANADA; ELLESMERE ISLAND; EUREKA; NUNAVUT; QUEEN ELIZABETH ISLANDS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84863005552     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JD017164     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Allan, R. P. (2000), Evaluation of simulated clear-sky longwave radiation using ground-based observations, J. Clim., 13, 1951-1964, doi:10.1175/1520- 0442(2000)0132.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 30491701)
2. Bekryaev, R. V., I. V. Polyakov, and V. A. Alexeev (2010), Role of polar amplification in long-term surface air temperature variations and modern Arctic warming, J. Clim., 23, 3888-3906, doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3297.1.
3. Bromwich, D. H., and S.-H. Wang (2005), Evaluation of the NCEP-NCAR and ECMWF 15-and 40-yr reanalyses using rawinsonde data from two independent Arctic field experiments, Mon. Weather Rev., 133, 3562-3578, doi:10.1175/MWR3043.1. (Pubitemid 43141748)
4. Bromwich, D. H., R. L. Fogt, K. I. Hodges, and J. E. Walsh (2007), A tro-pospheric assessment of the ERA-40, NCEP, and JRA-25 global reanalyses in the polar regions, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10111, doi:10.1029/2006JD007859. (Pubitemid 47193614)
5. Clark, J. V., and J. E. Walsh (2010), Observed and reanalysis cloud fraction, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D23121, doi:10.1029/2009JD013235.
6. Clough, S. A., and M. J. Iacono (1995), Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: 2. Application to carbon dioxide, ozone, methane, nitrous oxide, and the halocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D8), 16,519-16,535, doi:10.1029/95JD01386.
7. Clough, S. A., M. J. Iacono, and J.-L. Moncet (1992), Line-by-line calculations of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D14), 15,761-15,785, doi:10.1029/92JD01419.
8. Cox, C. J. (2009), Atmospheric and cloud conditions over Barrow, Alaska and Eureka Canada: Flux calculations using atmospheric emitted radiance interferometers (AERI), MS thesis, Dep. of Geogr., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow.
9. Crane, R. G., and M. R. Anderson (1984), Satellite discrimination of snow/cloud surfaces, Int. J. Remote Sens., 5(1), 213-223, doi:10.1080/ 01431168408948799.
10. Curry, J. A., W. B. Rossow, D. Randall, and J. L. Schramm (1996), Overview of Arctic cloud and radiation characteristics, J. Clim., 9, 1731-1764, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1996)0092.0.CO;2.
11. de Boer, G., E. W. Eloranta, and M. D. Shupe (2009), Arctic mixed-phase stratiform cloud properties from multiple years of surface-based measurements at two high-latitude locations, J. Atmos. Sci., 66, 2874-2887, doi:10.1175/2009JAS3029.1.
12. Delamere, J. S., S. A. Clough, V. H. Payne, E. J. Mlawer, D. D. Turner, and R. R. Gamanche (2010), A far-infrared radiative closure study in the Arctic: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D17106, doi:10.1029/ 2009JD012968.
13. Dong, X., and G. G. Mace (2003), Arctic stratus cloud properties and radiative forcing derived from ground-based data collected at Barrow, Alaska, J. Clim., 16, 445-461, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)0162.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 37164432)
14. Dong, X., B. Xi, K. Crosby, C. N. Long, R. S. Stone, and M. D. Shupe (2010), A 10 year climatology of Arctic cloud fraction and radiative forcing at Barrow, Alaska, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D17212, doi:10.1029/2009JD013489.
15. Doran, J. C., J. C. Barnard, and W. J. Shaw (2006), Modification of summertime Arctic cloud characteristics between a coastal and inland site, J. Clim., 19, 3207-3219, doi:10.1175/JCLI3782.1. (Pubitemid 44177915)
16. Downing, H. D., and D. Williams (1975), Optical constants of water in the infrared, J. Geophys. Res., 80(12), 1656-1661, doi:10.1029/JC080i012p01656.
17. Durre, I., R. S. Vose, and D. B. Wuertz (2006), Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive, J. Clim., 19, 53-68, doi:10.1175/JCLI3594. 1.
18. Francis, J. A., and E. Hunter (2006), New insight into the disappearing Arctic sea ice, Eos Trans. AGU, 87(46), 509-524, doi:10.1029/2006EO460001.
19. Francis, J. A., and E. Hunter (2007), Changes in the fabric of the Arctic's greenhouse blanket, Environ. Res. Lett., 2, 045011, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/2/4/045011.
20. Francis, J. A., E. Hunter, J. R. Key, and X. Wang (2005), Clues to variability in Arctic minimum sea ice extent, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L21501, doi:10.1029/2005GL024376. (Pubitemid 43000743)
21. Graversen, R. G., and M. Wang (2009), Polar amplification in a coupled climate model with locked albedo, Clim. Dyn., 33, 629-643, doi:10.1007/s00382- 009-0535-6.
22. Intrieri, J. M., C. W. Fairall, M. D. Shupe, P. O. G. Persson, E. L. Andreas, P. S. Guest, and R. E. Moritz (2002), An annual cycle of Arctic surface cloud forcing at SHEBA, J. Geophys. Res., 107(C10), 8039, doi:10.1029/ 2000JC000439.
23. Kalnay, E., et al. (1996), The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 437-471, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)0772.0.CO;2.
24. Kanamitsu, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter (2002), NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2), Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 1631-1643, doi:10.1175/BAMS-83-11-1631.
25. Kay, J. E., T. L'Ecuyer, A. Gettelman, G. Stephens, and C. O'Dell (2008), The contribution of cloud and radiation anomalies to the 2007 Arctic sea ice extent minimum, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L08503, doi:10.1029/2008GL033451.
26. Key, E. L., P. J. Minnett, and R. A. Jones (2004), Cloud distributions over the coastal Arctic Ocean: Surface-based and satellite observations, Atmos. Res., 72, 57-88, doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.03.029. (Pubitemid 39499808)
27. Knuteson, R. O., et al. (2004a), Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). Part I: Instrument design, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1763-1776, doi:10.1175/JTECH-1662.1. (Pubitemid 40177623)
28. Knuteson, R. O., et al. (2004b), Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI). Part II: Instrument performance, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 21, 1777-1789, doi:10.1175/JTECH-1663.1. (Pubitemid 40177624)
29. Liljegren, J. C., and B. M. Lesht (1996), Measurements of integrated water vapor and cloud liquid water from microwave radiometers at the DOE ARM cloud and radiation testbed in the U.S. Southern Great Plains, paper presented at International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, IEEE, Lincoln, Nebr., doi:10.1109/IGARSS.1996.516767.
30. Liu, J., J. A. Curry, W. B. Rossow, J. R. Key, and X. Wang (2005), Comparison of surface radiative flux data sets over the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C02015, doi:10.1029/2004JC002381. (Pubitemid 40763123)
31. Long, C. N., and D. D. Turner (2008), A method for continuous estimation of clear-sky downwelling longwave radiative flux developed using ARM surface measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D18206, doi:10.1029/2008JD009936.
32. Lubin, D., and A. S. Simpson (1997), Measurement of surface radiation fluxes and cloud optical properties during the 1994 Arctic Ocean Section, J. Geophys. Res., 102(D4), 4275-4286, doi:10.1029/96JD03215.
33. McClatchey, R. A., R. W. Fenn, J. E. A. Selby, F. E. Volz, and J. S. Garing (1972), Optical properties of the atmosphere, 3rd ed., Tech. Rep. AFCRL-72-0497, 108 pp., Air Force Geophys. Lab., Hanscom AFB, Mass.
34. Mesinger, F., et al. (2006), North American Regional Reanalysis, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 87, 343-360, doi:10.1175/BAMS-87-3-343.
35. Minnett, P. J., K. A. Maillet, J. A. Hanafin, and B. J. Osborne (2005), Infrared interferometric measurements of near-surface air temperature over the oceans, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 22, 1019-1032, doi:10.1175/JTECH1756.1. (Pubitemid 41535047)
36. Morison, J., et al. (1993), The LeadEx Experiment, Eos Trans. AGU, 74(35), 393-400, doi:10.1029/93EO00341.
37. Ogi, M., and J. M. Wallace (2007), Summer minimum Arctic sea ice extent and the associated summer atmospheric circulation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12705, doi:10.1029/2007GL029897. (Pubitemid 351193209)
38. Overland, J. E., M. Wang, and S. Salo (2008), The recent Arctic Warm Period, Tellus, Ser. A, 60, 589-597, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00327.x.
39. Paatero, J., P. Vaattovaara, M. Vestenius, O. Meinander, U. Makkonen, R. Kivi, A. Hyvärinen, E. Asmi, M. Tjernström, and C. Leck (2009), Finnish contribution to the Arctic Summer Cloud Ocean Study (ASCOS) expedition, Arctic Ocean 2008, Geophysica, 45(1-2), 119-146.
40. Perovich, D. K., J. A. Richter-Menge, K. F. Jones, and B. Light (2008), Sunlight, water, and ice: Extreme Arctic sea ice melt during the summer of 2007, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L11501, doi:10.1029/2008GL034007.
41. Philipona, R., et al. (2001), Atmospheric longwave irradiance uncertainty: Pyrgeometers compared to an absolute sky-scanning radiometer, Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer, and radiative transfer model calculations, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D22), 28,129-28,141, doi:10.1029/ 2000JD000196.
42. Porter, D. F., J. J. Cassano, M. C. Serreze, and D. N. Kindig (2010), New estimates of the large-scale Arctic atmospheric energy budget, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D08108, doi:10.1029/2009JD012653.
43. Pritchard, R. S., et al. (1990), CEAREX drift experiment, Eos Trans. AGU, 71(40), 1115-1118, doi:10.1029/90EO00311.
44. Ramanathan, V., R. D. Cess, E. F. Harrison, P. Minnis, B. R. Barkstrom, E. Ahmad, and D. Hartmann (1989), Cloud-radiative forcing and climate: Results from the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, Science, 243, 57-63, doi:10.1126/science.243.4887.57. (Pubitemid 19304702)
45. Rathke, C., S. Neshyba, M. D. Shupe, P. Rowe, and A. Rivers (2002), Radiative and microphysical properties of Arctic stratus clouds from multiangle downwelling infrared radiances, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4703, doi:10.1029/2001JD001545. (Pubitemid 43197283)
46. Rothman, L. S., et al. (2005), The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectro-scopic database, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 96, 139-204, doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.008. (Pubitemid 41056933)
47. Rowe, P. M., L. M. Miloshevich, D. D. Turner, and V. P. Walden (2008), Dry bias in Vaisala RS90 radiosonde humidity profiles over Antarctica, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 25, 1529-1541, doi:10.1175/2008JTECHA1009.1.
48. Schweiger, A. J., R. W. Lindsay, S. Vavrus, and J. A. Francis (2008a), Relationships between Arctic sea ice and clouds during autumn, J. Clim., 21, 4799-4810, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2156.1.
49. Schweiger, A. J., J. Zhang, R. W. Lindsay, and M. Steele (2008b), Did unusually sunny skies help drive the record sea ice minimum of 2007?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L10503, doi:10.1029/2008GL033463.
50. Serreze, M. C., J. R. Key, J. E. Box, J. A. Maslanik, and K. Steffen (1998), A new monthly climatology of global radiation for the Arctic and comparisons with NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis and ISCCP-C2 fields, J. Clim., 11, 121-136, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(1998)0112.0.CO;2.
51. Shi, X., M. Wild, and D. P. Lettenmaier (2010), Surface radiative fluxes over the pan-Arctic land region: Variability and trends, J. Geophys. Res., 115, D22104, doi:10.1029/2010JD014402.
52. Shupe, M. D. (2011), Clouds at Arctic atmospheric observatories. Part II: Thermodynamic phase characteristics, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50, 645-661, doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2468.1.
53. Shupe, M. D., and J. M. Intrieri (2004), Cloud radiative forcing of the Arctic surface: The influence of cloud properties, surface albedo, and solar zenith angle, J. Clim., 17, 616-628, doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2004)0172.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 38381891)
54. Shupe, M. D., V. P. Walden, E. Eloranta, T. Uttal, J. R. Campbell, S. M. Starkweather, and M. Shiobara (2011), Clouds at Arctic atmospheric observatories. Part I: Occurrence and macrophysical properties, J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol., 50, 626-644, doi:10.1175/2010JAMC2467.1.
55. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, and D. Dee (2007a), Update on ERA-Interim, ECMWF Newsl., 111, 5.
56. Simmons, A., S. Uppala, D. Dee, and S. Kobayashi (2007b), ERA-Interim: New ECMWF reanalysis products from 1989 onwards, ECMWF Newsl., 110, 25-35.
57. Stamnes, K., S.-C. Tsay, W. Wiscombe, and K. Jayaweera (1988), A numerically stable algorithm for discrete-ordinate-method radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media, Appl. Opt., 27, 2502-2509, doi:10.1364/AO.27.002502.
58. Stoffel, T. (2005), Solar Infrared Radiation Station (SIRS) handbook, Tech. Rep. ARM TR-025, 29 pp., Atmos. Radiat. Measure. Program, U.S. Dep. of Energy, Washington, D. C. [Available at http://www.arm.gov/publications/tech/ reports/handbooks/sirs/handbook.pdf?id=37.]
59. Town, M. S., V. P. Walden, and S. G. Warren (2005), Spectral and broadband longwave downwelling radiative fluxes, cloud radiative forcing, and fractional cloud cover over the South Pole, J. Clim., 18, 4235-4252, doi:10.1175/JCLI3525.1. (Pubitemid 41701406)
60. Turner, D. D. (2005), Arctic mixed-phase cloud properties from AERI lidar observations: Algorithm and results from SHEBA, J. Appl. Meteorol., 44, 427-444, doi:10.1175/JAM2208.1. (Pubitemid 40717062)
61. Turner, D. D. (2008), Ground-based infrared retrievals of optical depth, effective radius, and composition of airborne mineral dust about the Sahel, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D00E03, doi:10.1029/2008JD010054.
62. Turner, D. D., B. M. Lesht, S. A. Clough, J. C. Liljegren, H. E. Revercomb, and D. C. Tobin (2003a), Dry bias and variability in Vaisala RS80-H radiosondes: The ARM experience, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 20, 117-132, doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)0202.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 37164267)
63. Turner, D. D., S. A. Ackerman, B. A. Baum, H. E. Revercomb, and P. Yang (2003b), Cloud phase determination using ground-based AERI observations at SHEBA, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 701-715, doi:10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<0701: CPDUGA>2.0.CO;2. (Pubitemid 36821893)
64. Turner, D. D., S. A. Clough, J. C. Liljegren, E. E. Clothiaux, K. E. Cady-Pereira, and K. L. Gaustad (2007), Retrieving liquid water path and precipitable water vapor from Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) microwave radiometers, IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 45, 3680-3690, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.903703. (Pubitemid 350025465)
65. Uppala, S. M., D. Dee, S. Kobayashi, P. Berrisford, and A. Simmons (2008), Towards a climate data assimilation system: Status update of ERA-Interim, ECMWF Newsl., 115, 12-18.
66. Uttal, T., and J. Drummond (2006), International arctic systems for observing the atmosphere (IASOA), Geophys. Res. Abstr., 8, 09936.
67. Uttal, T., et al. (2002), Surface heat budget of the Arctic Ocean, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 83, 255-275, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(2002)0832.3.CO;2. (Pubitemid 34325722)
68. Walsh, J. E., W. L. Chapman, and D. H. Portis (2009), Arctic cloud fraction and radiative fluxes in atmospheric reanalyses, J. Clim., 22, 2316-2334, doi:10.1175/2008JCLI2213.1.
69. Wang, J., J. Zhang, E. Watanabe, M. Ikeda, K. Mizobata, J. E. Walsh, X. Bai, and B. Wu (2009), Is the Dipole Anomaly a major driver to record lows in Arctic summer sea ice extent?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L05706, doi:10.1029/2008GL036706.
70. Wang, X., and J. R. Key (2005), Arctic surface, cloud, and radiation properties based on the AVHRR Polar Pathfinder dataset. Part II: Recent trends, J. Clim., 18, 2575-2593, doi:10.1175/JCLI3439.1. (Pubitemid 41460953)
71. Warren, S. G., and R. E. Brandt (2008), Optical constants of ice from the ultraviolet to the microwave: A revised compilation, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D14220, doi:10.1029/2007JD009744.
72. Winton, M. (2006), Does the Arctic sea ice have a tipping point?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L23504, doi:10.1029/2006GL028017. (Pubitemid 47407874)
73. Zhang, J., R. Lindsay, M. Steele, and A. Schweiger (2008a), What drove the dramatic retreat of Arctic sea ice during summer 2007?, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L11505, doi:10.1029/2008GL034005.
74. Zhang, X., A. Sorteberg, J. Zhang, R. Gerdes, and J. C. Comiso (2008b), Recent radical shifts of atmospheric circulations and rapid changes in Arctic climate system, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22701, doi:10.1029/2008GL035607.
75. Zwink, A. B., and D. D. Turner (2012), Using a neural network to determine the hatch status of the AERI at the ARM North Slope of Alaska Site, DOE/SC-ARM-TR-107, Atmos. Radiat. Measure. Program, U.S. Dep. of Energy, Washington, D. C. [Available at http://www.arm.gov/publications/tech/reports/ doe-sc-arm-tr-107.pdf?id=100.]