Exploring health and social well-being in Late Roman Britain: An intercemetery approach

American Journal of Archaeology

Volumn 116, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 253-276

  Pitts, Martin ^a   Griffin, Rebecca ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EXETER   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84862938768     PISSN: 00029114     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3764/aja.116.2.0253     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Allason-Jones, L. 1999. "Health Care in the Roman North." Britannia 30:133-46.
2. Barber, B., and D. Bowsher. 2000. The Eastern Cemetery of Roman London: Excavations 1983-1990. Museum of London Archaeology Service Monograph 4. London: Museum of London Archaeology Service.
3. Bauman, Z. 1998. Globalization: The Human Consequences. Cambridge: Polity Press.
4. Bonfiglioli, B., P. Brasili, and M. G. Belcastro. 2003. "Dento-Alveolar Lesions and Nutritional Habits of a Roman Imperial Age Population (1st-4th c. AD): Quadrella (Molise, Italy)." Homo 54:36-56.
5. Booth, P. M., J. Evans, and J. Hiller. 2001. Excavations in the Extramural Settlement of Roman Alchester, Oxfordshire, 1991. Oxford Archaeology Monograph 1. Oxford: Oxford Archaeological Unit.
6. Boylston, A., C. J. Knüsel, and C. Roberts. 2000. "Investigation of a Romano-British Rural Ritual in Bedford, England." JAS 27:241-54.
7. Buikstra, J., and D. H. Ubelaker. 1994. Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains: Proceedings of a Seminar at the Field Museum of Natural History, Organized by Jonathan Haas. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archaeological Survey.
8. Chambers, R. A. 1987. "The Late-and Sub-Roman Cemetery at Queenford Farm, Dorchester-on-Thames, Oxon. " Oxoniensia 52:35-69.
9. Chambers, R., and E. McAdam. 2007. Excavations at Barrow Hills, Radley, Oxfordshire, 1983-5. Vol. 2, The Romano-British Cemetery and Anglo-Saxon Settlement. Oxford: Published for the Oxford Archaeological Unit by Oxford University Committee for Archaeology.
10. Chenery, C., G. Müldner, J. Evans, H. Eckardt, and M. Lewis. 2010. "Strontium and Stable Isotope Evidence for Diet and Mobility in Roman Gloucester, UK." JAS 37:150-63.
11. Clarke, C. P. 1998. Excavations to the South of Chignall Roman Villa, Essex, 1977-81. Chelmsford: Archaeology Section, Essex County Council.
12. Clarke, G. 1979. The Roman Cemetery at Lankhills. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
13. Crummy, N., P. Crummy, and C. Crossan. 1993. Excavations of Roman and Later Cemeteries, Churches and Monastic Sites in Colchester, 1971-88. Colchester Archaeological Report 9. Colchester: Colchester Archaeological Trust.
14. Davison, C. 2000. "Gender Imbalances in Romano-British Cemetery Populations: A Re-evaluation of the Evidence." In Burial, Society and Context in the Roman World, edited by J. Pearce, M. Millett, and M. Struck, 231-37. Oxbow: Oxford.
15. Dawson, M. 2004. Archaeology in the Bedford Region. BAR-BS 373. Oxford: Archaeopress.
16. Deaton, A. 1997. Analysis of Household Surveys: A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
17. Duncan-Jones, R. 1982. The Economy of the Roman Empire: Quantitative Studies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Eckardt, H. 2002. Illuminating Roman Britain. Monographies instrumentum 23. Montagnac: Editions Monique Mergoil.
19. Esmonde Cleary, A. S. 1987. Extra-mural Areas of Romano-British Towns. BAR-BS 169. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
20. -. 2004. "Britain in the Fourth Century." In A Companion to Roman Britain, edited by M. Todd, 409-27. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing.
21. Evans, J. 2001. "Material Approaches to the Identification of Different Romano-British Site Types." In Britons and Romans: Advancing an Archaeological Agenda, edited by S. James and M. Millett, 26-35. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 125. York: Council for British Archaeology.
22. Farwell, D. E., and T. L. Molleson. 1993. Excavations at Poundbury, 1966-80. Vol. 2, The Cemeteries. Dorchester: Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society.
23. Fitzpatrick-Matthews, K. J., and G. Burleigh. Forthcoming. Excavations at Baldock 1978-1994: Fieldwork by Gil Burleigh. Norwich: East Anglian Archaeology.
24. Fulford, M. G. 2004. "Economic Structures." In A Companion to Roman Britain, edited by M. Todd, 309-26. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishing.
25. Garnsey, P. 1999. Food and Society in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
26. Gower, G. C. 1971. "A General Coefficient of Similarity and Some of Its Properties." Biometrics 27:857-71.
27. Gowland, R. 2004. "The Social Identity of Health in Late Roman Britain. " In TRAC 2003: Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Which Took Place at the University of Leicester 3-6 April 2003, edited by B. Croxford, H. Eckardt, J. Meade, and J. Weekes, 135-46. Oxford: Oxbow.
28. Haines, M. R. 2004. "Growing Incomes, Shrinking People-Can Economic Development Be Hazardous to Your Health?" Social Science History 28:249-70.
29. Hillson, S. 2000. "Dental Pathology." In Biological Anthropology of the Human Skeleton, edited by M. A. Katzenberg and S. R. Saunders, 249-86. New York: Wiley.
30. -. 2001. "Recording Dental Caries in Archaeological Human Remains." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 11:249-89.
31. Hope, V. M. 2001. Co nstructing Identity: The Roman Funerary Monuments of Aquileia, Mainz and Nimes. BAR-IS 960. Oxford: Archaeopress.
32. Huck, P. 1995. "Infant Mortality and Living Standards of English Workers During the Industrial Revolution. " Journal of Economic History 55:531-47.
33. Jackson, R. 2005. "Holding on to Health? Bone Surgery and Instrumentation in the Roman Empire." In Health in Antiquity, edited by H. King, 97-119. London: Routledge.
34. Jongman, W. 2007. "The Early Roman Empire: Consumption. " In The Cambridge Economic History of the Greco-Roman World, edited by W. Scheidel, I. Morris, and R. Saller, 592-618. New York: Cambridge University Press.
35. King, A. C. 1978. "A Comparative Survey of Bone Assemblages from Roman Sites in Britain. " BIALond 15:207-32.
36. -. 1984. "Animal Bones and the Dietary Identity of Military and Civilian Groups in Roman Britain, Gaul and Germany." In Military and Civilian in Roman Britain: Cultural Relationships in a Frontier Province, edited by T. F. C. Blagg and A. C. King, 187-217. BAR-IS 136. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
37. Komlos, J. 1985. "Stature and Nutrition in the Habsburg Monarchy: The Standard of Living and Economic Development in the Eighteenth Century." AHR 90:1149-61.
38. -. 1998. "Shrinking in a Growing Economy? The Mystery of Physical Stature During the Industrial Revolution. " Journal of Economic History 58:779-802.
39. Kruskal, J., and M. Wish. 1978. Multidimensional Scaling. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage Publications.
40. Larsen, C. 1997. Bioarchaeology: Interpreting Behavior from the Human Skeleton. Cambridge Studies in Biological Anthropology 21. New York: Cambridge University Press.
41. Leach, P. 1982. Ilchester. Vol. 1, Excavations, 1974-1975. Sheffield Excavation Reports 2. Bristol: Western Archaeological Trust.
42. Leach, S., M. Lewis, C. Chenery, G. Müldner, and H. Eckardt. 2009. "Migration and Diversity in Roman Britain: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Identification of Immigrants in Roman York." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 140:546-61.
43. Leech, R. 1981. "The Excavation of a Romano-British Farmstead and Cemetery on Bradley Hill, Somerset." Britannia 12:177-252.
44. MacKinnon, M. 2007. "Osteological Research in Classical Archaeology." AJA 111(3):473-504.
45. MacMullen, R. 1974. Roman Social Relations, 50 B. C. to A. D. 284. New Haven: Yale University Press.
46. Manzi, G., L. Salvadei, A. Vienna, and P. Passarello. 1999. "Discontinuity of Life Conditions at the Transition from the Roman Imperial Age to the Early Middle Ages: Example from Central Italy Evaluated by Pathological Dento-Alveolar Lesions." American Journal of Human Biology 11:327-41.
47. Marmot, M. G., G. Rose, M. Shipley, and P. J. Hamilton. 1978. "Employment Grade and Coronary Heart Disease in British Civil Servants." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 32:244-49.
48. Marmot, M. G., S. Stansfield, C. Patel, F. North, J. Head, I. White, E. Brunner, A. Feeney, and G. Davey Smith. 1991. "Health Inequalities Among British Civil Servants: The Whitehall II Study." The Lancet 337:1387-93.
49. Matthews, C. L. 1981. "A Romano-British Inhumation Cemetery at Dunstable: Bedfordshire." ArchJ 15:1-73.
50. Mattingly, D. J. 2006. An Imperial Possession: Britain in the Roman Empire, 54 BC-AD 409. London and New York: Allen Lane.
51. -. 2010. Imperialism, Power, and Identity: Experiencing the Roman Empire. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
52. Mays, S. 2006. "Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis, and Lumbro-Sacral Morphology in a Medieval English Skeletal Population. " American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131:352-62.
53. McGavin, N. 1980. "A Roman Cemetery and Trackway at Stanton Harcourt." Oxoniensia 45:112-23.
54. McWhirr, A., A. L. Viner, and C. Wells. 1982. Romano-British Cemeteries at Cirencester. Cirencester Excavations 2. Cirencester: Cirencester Excavation Committee, Corinium Museum.
55. Millett, M. 1990. The Romanization of Britain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
56. Morley, N. 2005. "The Salubriousness of the Roman City." In Health in Antiquity, edited by H. King, 192-204. London: Routledge.
57. Morris, I. 1992. Death-Ritual and Social Structure in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Müldner, G., and M. P. Richards. 2007. "Stable Isotope Evidence for 1500 Years of Human Diet at the City of York, UK." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 133:682-97.
59. Parker Pearson, M. 2003. The Archaeology of Death and Burial. Stroud: Sutton.
60. Pechenkina, E., and M. Delgado. 2006. "Dimensions of Health and Social Structure in the Early Intermediate Period Cemetery at Villa El Salvador, Peru." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 131:218-35.
61. Perring, D. 1991. "Spatial Organisation and Social Change in Roman Towns." In City and Country in the Ancient World, edited by J. Rich and A. Wallace-Hadrill, 273-93. Leicester-Nottingham Studies in Ancient Society 2. Routledge: London.
62. -. 2002a. The Roman House in Britain. London: Routledge.
63. -. 2002b. Town and Country in England: Frameworks for Archaeological Research. Council for British Archaeology Research Report 134. York: Council for British Archaeology Research.
64. Petts, D. 2003. Christianity in Roman Britain. Stroud: Tempus.
65. Philpott, R. 1991. Burial Practices in Roman Britain: A Survey of Grave Treatment and Furnishing, A. D. 43-410. BAR-BS 219. Oxford: Tempus Reparatum.
66. Pitts, M. 2008. "Globalizing the Local in Roman Britain: An Anthropological Approach to Social Change." JAnth-Arch 27:493-506.
67. Quensel-von-Kalben, L. 2000. "Putting Late Roman Burial Practice in Britain into Context." In Burial, Society and Context in the Roman World, edited by J. Pearce, M. Millett, and M. Struck, 217-30. Oxford: Oxbow.
68. Redfern, R. 2008. "A Bioarchaeological Investigation of Cultural Change in Dorset, England (Mid-to-Late Fourth Century B. C. to the End of the Fourth Century A. D.)." Britannia 39:161-91.
69. Redfern, R., and C. Roberts. 2005. "Health in Romano-British Urban Communities: Reflections from the Cemeteries." In Fertile Ground: Papers in Honour of Susan Limbrey, edited by D. Smith, M. Brickley, and W. Smith, 115-29. Symposia of the Association of Environmental Archaeology 22. Oxford: Oxbow.
70. Reece, R. 1993. "British Sites and Their Roman Coins." Antiquity 67:863-69.
71. Roberts, C., and M. Cox. 2003. Health and Disease in Britain: From Prehistory to the Present Day. Stroud: Sutton.
72. Roberts, C., and K. Manchester. 2005. The Archaeology of Disease. 3rd ed. Stroud: Sutton.
73. Sahlins, M. 1972. Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine-Atherton.
74. Scheidel, W., and S. J. Friesen. 2009. "The Size of the Economy and the Distribution of Income in the Roman Empire." JRS 99:61-91.
75. Scobie, A. 1986. "Slums, Sanitation, and Mortality in the Roman World." Klio 68:399-433.
76. Toynbee, J. M. C. 1971. Death and Burial in the Roman World. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
77. Ucko, P. J. 1969. "Ethnography and Archaeological Interpretation of Funerary Remains." WorldArch 1:262-80.
78. van der Veen, M., A. Livarda, and A. Hill. 2008. "New Plant Foods in Roman Britain: Dispersal and Social Access." Environmental Archaeology 13:11-36.
79. Walker, P. L., R. R. Bathurst, R. Richman, T. Gjerdrum, and V. A. Andrushko. 2009. "The Causes of Porotic Hyperostosis and Cribra Orbitalia: A Reappraisal of the Iron-Deficiency-Anemia Hypothesis." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 139:109-25.
80. Watts, D. 1991. Christians and Pagans in Roman Britain. London: Routledge.
81. Webster, J. 2008. "Less Beloved: Roman Archaeology, Slavery and the Failure to Compare." Archaeological Dialogues 15:103-23.
82. Whytehead, R. 1986. "The Excavation of an Area Within a Roman Cemetery at West Tenter Street, London E1." Transactions of the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society 37:23-124.
83. Wilkinson, R. G. 2005. The Impact of Inequality. London: Routledge.
84. Wilkinson, R. G., and K. Pickett. 2010. The Spirit Level. London: Penguin.
85. Wood, J. W., G. R. Milner, H. C. Harpending, and K. M. Weiss. 1992. "The Osteological Paradox: Problems of Inferring Prehistoric Health from Skeletal Samples." CurrAnthr 33:343-70.