메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 565-579

Thiazolidinedione safety

Author keywords

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) gamma agonists; Pioglitazone; Rosiglitazone; Thiazolidinediones; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ATORVASTATIN; GEMFIBROZIL; INSULIN; METFORMIN; MIDAZOLAM; NIFEDIPINE; PIOGLITAZONE; PLACEBO; RIFAMPICIN; ROSIGLITAZONE; SULFONYLUREA; TRIMETHOPRIM; TROGLITAZONE; WARFARIN;

EID: 84862886329     PISSN: 14740338     EISSN: 1744764X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.691963     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (177)

References (101)
  • 1
    • 34248647627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis
    • Norris S, Carson S, Roberts C. Comparative effectiveness of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: A meta-analysis. Curr Diabetes Rev 2007;3(2):127-40
    • (2007) Curr. Diabetes. Rev. , vol.3 , Issue.2 , pp. 127-140
    • Norris, S.1    Carson, S.2    Roberts, C.3
  • 2
    • 34250212715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes
    • Nissen S, Wolski K. Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes. N Engl J Med 2007 2007;356(24):2457-71
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. 2007 , vol.356 , Issue.24 , pp. 2457-2471
    • Nissen, S.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 3
    • 22244442596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA Drug Safety Communication: Updated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy REMS to Restrict Access to Rosiglitazone-containing Medicines including Avandia, Avandamet, and Avandaryl. FDA Safety Announcement. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington,DC: U.S. Available from Last accessed 20 February 2012
    • FDA Drug Safety Communication: Updated Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) to Restrict Access to Rosiglitazone-containing Medicines including Avandia, Avandamet, and Avandaryl. FDA Safety Announcement. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. Washington,DC: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2011.Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ ucm255005.htm [Last accessed 20 February 2012]
    • (2011) Food and Drug. Administration.
  • 4
    • 84873610222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European medicines agency recommends suspension of Avandia
    • Press release. London: European Medicines Agency. Available from Last accessed 21 November 2010]
    • European Medicines Agency recommends suspension of Avandia, Avandamet and Avaglim. Press release. London: European Medicines Agency. 2010.Available from: http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en-GB/document-library/Press-release/2010/09/ WC500096996.pdf [Last accessed 21 November 2010]
    • (2010) Avandamet and Avaglim
  • 5
    • 79956217900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: Interim report of a longitudinal cohort study
    • Lewis JD, Ferrara A, Peng T, et al. Risk of bladder cancer among diabetic patients treated with pioglitazone: Interim report of a longitudinal cohort study. Diabetes Care 2011;34(4):916-22
    • (2011) Diabetes Care , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 916-922
    • Lewis, J.D.1    Ferrara, A.2    Peng, T.3
  • 6
    • 0038460622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Current clinical evidence
    • Diamant M, Heine R. Thiazolidinediones in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Current clinical evidence. Drugs 2003;63(13):1373-405
    • (2003) Drugs , vol.63 , Issue.13 , pp. 1373-1405
    • Diamant, M.1    Heine, R.2
  • 7
    • 35648972677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective modulation of promoter recruitment and transcriptional activity of PPARgamma
    • Sears DD, Hsiao A, Ofrecio JM et al. Selective modulation of promoter recruitment and transcriptional activity of PPARgamma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007;364(3):515-21
    • (2007) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. , vol.364 , Issue.3 , pp. 515-521
    • Sears, D.D.1    Hsiao, A.2    Ofrecio, J.M.3
  • 8
    • 34250178250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk
    • Psaty B, Furberg C. Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2007;356(24):2522-4
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.356 , Issue.24 , pp. 2522-2524
    • Psaty, B.1    Furberg, C.2
  • 9
    • 34548358435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk
    • Diamond G, Kaul S. Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2007;357(9):938-9
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.357 , Issue.9 , pp. 938-939
    • Diamond, G.1    Kaul, S.2
  • 10
    • 34548320840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk
    • Bracken M. Rosiglitazone and cardiovascular risk. N Engl J Med 2007;357(9):937-8
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.357 , Issue.9 , pp. 937-938
    • Bracken, M.1
  • 11
    • 84873608614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcript for the July 30, 2007 Joint Meeting of the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee. Gaithersburg, Maryland: U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Available from htm#EndocrinologicMetabolic [Last accessed 26 March2011]
    • Cardiovascular ischemic/thrombotic risks of the thiazolidinediones. Transcript for the July 30, 2007 Joint Meeting of the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee. Gaithersburg, Maryland: U. S. Food and Drug Administration Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2007.Available from: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/cder07. htm#EndocrinologicMetabolic [Last accessed 26 March 2011]
    • (2007) Cardiovascular Ischemic Thrombotic Risks of the Thiazolidinediones
  • 12
    • 26244453309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial
    • Dormandy J, Charbonnel B, Eckland D, et al. Secondary prevention of macrovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes in the PROactive Study (PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial in macroVascular Events): A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005;366(9493):1279-89
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.366 , Issue.9493 , pp. 1279-1289
    • Dormandy, J.1    Charbonnel, B.2    Eckland, D.3
  • 13
    • 34548303246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rosiglitazone story-lessons from an FDA Advisory Committee meeting
    • Rosen C. the rosiglitazone story-lessons from an FDA Advisory Committee meeting. N Engl J Med 2007;357(9):844-6
    • (2007) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.357 , Issue.9 , pp. 844-6
    • Rosen, C.1
  • 14
    • 34548580881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: A meta-analysis
    • Singh S, Loke Y, Furberg C. Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: A meta-analysis. JAMA 2007;298(10):1189-95
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.10 , pp. 1189-1195
    • Singh, S.1    Loke, Y.2    Furberg, C.3
  • 15
    • 37149034178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular outcomes in older patients with diabetes
    • Lipscombe L, Gomes T, Levesque L, et al. Thiazolidinediones and cardiovascular outcomes in older patients with diabetes. JAMA 2007;298(22):2634-43
    • (2007) JAMA , vol.298 , Issue.22 , pp. 2634-2643
    • Lipscombe, L.1    Gomes, T.2    Levesque, L.3
  • 16
    • 77954988618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone
    • Graham D, Ouellet-Hellstrom R, MaCurdy T, et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, and death in elderly Medicare patients treated with rosiglitazone or pioglitazone. JAMA 2010;304(4):411-18
    • (2010) JAMA , vol.304 , Issue.4
    • Graham, D.1    Ouellet-Hellstrom, R.2    MaCurdy, T.3
  • 17
    • 56749178443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with diabetes who initiated rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone therapy
    • Winkelmayer W, Setoguchi S, Levin R, Solomon D. Comparison of cardiovascular outcomes in elderly patients with diabetes who initiated rosiglitazone vs pioglitazone therapy. Arch Intern Med 2008;168(21):2368-75
    • (2008) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.168 , Issue.21 , pp. 2368-2375
    • Winkelmayer, W.1    Setoguchi, S.2    Levin, R.3    Solomon, D.4
  • 18
    • 69949096990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: Population based cohort study
    • Juurlink D, Gomes T, Lipscombe L, et al. Adverse cardiovascular events during treatment with pioglitazone and rosiglitazone: population based cohort study. BMJ 2009;339:b2942
    • (2009) BMJ , vol.339
    • Juurlink, D.1    Gomes, T.2    Lipscombe, L.3
  • 19
    • 77649248778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid identification of myocardial infarction risk associated with diabetes medications using electronic medical records
    • Brownstein J, Murphy S, Goldfine A, et al. Rapid identification of myocardial infarction risk associated with diabetes medications using electronic medical records. Diabetes Care 2010;33(3):526-31
    • (2010) Diabetes Care , vol.33 , Issue.3
    • Brownstein, J.1    Murphy, S.2    Goldfine, A.3
  • 20
    • 35649003900 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes
    • Gerrits C, Bhattacharya M, Manthena S, et al. A comparison of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone for hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16(10):1065-71
    • (2007) Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug. Saf. , vol.16 , Issue.10 , pp. 1065-1071
    • Gerrits, C.1    Bhattacharya, M.2    Manthena, S.3
  • 21
    • 74549202936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone and the risk of coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study using a US health insurance database
    • Ziyadeh N, McAfee A, Koro C, et al. the thiazolidinediones rosiglitazone and pioglitazone and the risk of coronary heart disease: A retrospective cohort study using a US health insurance database. Clin Ther 2009;31(11):2665-77
    • (2009) Clin. Ther. , vol.31 , Issue.11 , pp. 2665-2677
    • Ziyadeh, N.1    McAfee, A.2    Koro, C.3
  • 22
    • 77954356742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac safety profile of rosiglitazone: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
    • Mannucci E, Monami M, Di Bari M, et al. Cardiac safety profile of rosiglitazone: A comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Cardiol 2010;143(2):135-40
    • (2010) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.143 , Issue.2 , pp. 135-140
    • Mannucci, E.1    Monami, M.2    Di Bari, M.3
  • 23
    • 34547549434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents
    • McAfee A, Koro C, Landon J, et al. Coronary heart disease outcomes in patients receiving antidiabetic agents. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2007;16(7):711-25
    • (2007) Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug. Saf. , vol.16 , Issue.7 , pp. 711-725
    • McAfee, A.1    Koro, C.2    Landon, J.3
  • 24
    • 50249179853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between serious ischemic cardiac outcomes and medications used to treat diabetes
    • Margolis D, Hoffstad O, Strom B. Association between serious ischemic cardiac outcomes and medications used to treat diabetes. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2008;17(8):753-9
    • (2008) Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug. Saf. , vol.17 , Issue.8 , pp. 753-759
    • Margolis, D.1    Hoffstad, O.2    Strom, B.3
  • 25
    • 33845405222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone metformin or glyburide monotherapy
    • Kahn S, Haffner S, Heise M, et al. Glycemic durability of rosiglitazone, metformin, or glyburide monotherapy. N Engl J Med 2006;355(23):2427-43
    • (2006) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.355 , Issue.23 , pp. 2427-2443
    • Kahn, S.1    Haffner, S.2    Heise, M.3
  • 26
    • 33748748206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial
    • DREAM Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators
    • DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2006;368(9541):1096-105
    • (2006) Lancet , vol.368 , Issue.9541 , pp. 1096-1105
  • 27
    • 67149142042 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease
    • BARI 2D Study Group
    • BARI 2D Study Group. A randomized trial of therapies for type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med 2009;360(24):2503-15
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , Issue.24 , pp. 2503-2515
  • 28
    • 45149131667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group
    • Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group. Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358(24):2545-59
    • (2008) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.358 , Issue.24 , pp. 2545-2559
  • 29
    • 84873610966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between glycemia medications & mortality in ACCORD
    • San Francisco, CA: 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. Available from Last accessed 26 March 2011
    • Miller M. Relationship Between Glycemia Medications & Mortality in ACCORD. Presentation at the 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. San Francisco, CA: 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. 2008.Available from: http://professional. diabetes.org/presentations-details.aspx? session=3121 [Last accessed 26 March 2011]
    • (2008) Presentation at the 68th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association
    • Miller, M.1
  • 30
    • 58149389215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes
    • Duckworth W, Abraira C, Moritz T, et al. Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2009;360(2):129-39
    • (2009) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.360 , Issue.2 , pp. 129-139
    • Duckworth, W.1    Abraira, C.2    Moritz, T.3
  • 31
    • 84873614076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcript for the July 13-14 2010 Joint Meeting of the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee Gaithersburg, MD: FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. Available from Last accessed 26 March 2011]
    • Cardiovascular safety of AVANDIA (rosiglitazone maleate). Transcript for the July 13-14 2010 Joint Meeting of the Endocrinologic and Metabolic Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee. Gaithersburg, MD: FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. 2010.Available from: http://www.fda.gov/advisorycommittees/committeesmeetingmaterials/drugs/ endocrinologicandmetabolic drugsadvisorycommittee/ucm191113 [Last accessed 26 March 2011]
    • (2010) Cardiovascular Safety of AVANDIA Rosiglitazone Maleate
  • 32
    • 67149146438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes RECORD: A multicentre randomised open-label trial
    • Home P, Pocock S, Beck-Nielson H, et al. Rosiglitazone evaluated for cardiovascular outcomes in oral agent combination therapy for type 2 diabetes (RECORD): A multicentre, randomised, open-label trial. Lancet 2009;373(9681):2125-35
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , Issue.9681 , pp. 2125-2135
    • Home, P.1    Pocock, S.2    Beck-Nielson, H.3
  • 33
    • 33847675510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: Results from the PROactive PROactive 05 Study
    • Erdmann E, Dormandy J, Charbonnel B, et al. the effect of pioglitazone on recurrent myocardial infarction in 2,445 patients with type 2 diabetes and previous myocardial infarction: Results from the PROactive (PROactive 05) Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49(17):1772-80
    • (2007) J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. , vol.49 , Issue.17 , pp. 1772-1780
    • Erdmann, E.1    Dormandy, J.2    Charbonnel, B.3
  • 34
    • 77956018353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Revisiting the rosiglitazone story-lessons learned
    • Rosen C. Revisiting the rosiglitazone story-lessons learned. N Engl J Med 2010;363(9):803-6
    • (2010) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.363 , Issue.9 , pp. 803-806
    • Rosen, C.1
  • 35
    • 77955285732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone revisited: An updated meta-analysis of risk for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality
    • Nissen S, Wolski K. Rosiglitazone revisited: An updated meta-analysis of risk for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Arch Intern Med 2010;170(14):1191-201
    • (2010) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.170 , Issue.14 , pp. 1191-1201
    • Nissen, S.1    Wolski, K.2
  • 36
    • 21544466158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia
    • Goldberg R, Kendall D, Deeg M, et al. A comparison of lipid and glycemic effects of pioglitazone and rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 2005;28(7):1547-54
    • (2005) Diabetes. Care , vol.28 , Issue.7 , pp. 1547-1554
    • Goldberg, R.1    Kendall, D.2    Deeg, M.3
  • 38
    • 77955788270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates renin-angiotensin system blockers or insulin: Results from the PROactive study PROactive 20
    • Erdmann E, Spanheimer R, Charbonnel B. Pioglitazone and the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with Type 2 diabetes receiving concomitant treatment with nitrates, renin-angiotensin system blockers, or insulin: Results from the PROactive study (PROactive 20). J Diabetes 2010;2(3):212-20
    • (2010) J. Diabetes , vol.2 , Issue.3 , pp. 212-220
    • Erdmann, E.1    Spanheimer, R.2    Charbonnel, B.3
  • 39
    • 0344304678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione use fluid retention and congestive heart failure: A consensus statement from the american heart association and american diabetes association
    • October 7 2003
    • Nesto R, Bell D, Bonow R, et al. Thiazolidinedione use, fluid retention, and congestive heart failure: A consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association. October 7, 2003. Circulation 2003;108(23):2941-8
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , Issue.23 , pp. 2941-2948
    • Nesto, R.1    Bell, D.2    Bonow, R.3
  • 40
    • 23844472901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARgamma stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption
    • Guan Y, Hao C, Dea C. Thiazolidinediones expand body fluid volume through PPARgamma stimulation of ENaC-mediated renal salt absorption. Nat Med 2005;11(8):861-6
    • (2005) Nat. Med. , vol.11 , Issue.8 , pp. 861-866
    • Guan, Y.1    Hao, C.2    Dea, C.3
  • 41
    • 1642302410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in healthy men
    • Zanchi A, Chiolero A, Maillard M, et al. Effects of the peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone on renal and hormonal responses to salt in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(3):1140-5
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.89 , Issue.3 , pp. 1140-1145
    • Zanchi, A.1    Chiolero, A.2    Maillard, M.3
  • 42
    • 0034898803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinediones peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists regulate endothelial cell growth and secretion of vasoactive peptides
    • Fukunaga Y, Itoh H, Doi K, et al. Thiazolidinediones, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, regulate endothelial cell growth and secretion of vasoactive peptides. Atherosclerosis 2001;158(1):113-19
    • (2001) Atherosclerosis , vol.158 , Issue.1 , pp. 113-119
    • Fukunaga, Y.1    Itoh, H.2    Doi, K.3
  • 43
    • 0035344552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The oral insulin sensitizer thiazolidinedione increases plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Baba T, Shimada K, Neugebauer S, et al. the oral insulin sensitizer, thiazolidinedione, increases plasma vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2001;24(5):953-4
    • (2001) Diabetes Care , vol.24 , Issue.5 , pp. 953-954
    • Baba, T.1    Shimada, K.2    Neugebauer, S.3
  • 44
    • 1242328748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycemic control with glyburide metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized double-blind trial
    • Dailey G, Noor M, Park J, et al. Glycemic control with glyburide/metformin tablets in combination with rosiglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind trial. Am J Med 2004;116(4):223-9
    • (2004) Am. J. Med. , vol.116 , Issue.4 , pp. 223-229
    • Dailey, G.1    Noor, M.2    Park, J.3
  • 45
    • 34347396392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy on glycaemic control, insulin dose requirement and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy
    • Berhanu P, Perez A, Yu S. Effect of pioglitazone in combination with insulin therapy on glycaemic control, insulin dose requirement and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes previously poorly controlled with combination therapy. Diabetes Obes Metab 2007;9(4):512-20
    • (2007) Diabetes. Obes. Metab. , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-520
    • Berhanu, P.1    Perez, A.2    Yu, S.3
  • 46
    • 10344240901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind randomized trial
    • Schernthaner G, Matthews D, Charbonnel B, et al. Efficacy and safety of pioglitazone versus metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A double-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89(12):6068-76
    • (2004) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.89 , Issue.12 , pp. 6068-6076
    • Schernthaner, G.1    Matthews, D.2    Charbonnel, B.3
  • 47
    • 20644453108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose disease is not adequately controlled with insulin therapy: Results of a six-month randomized double-blind prospective multicenter parallel-group study
    • Mattoo V, Eckland D, Widel M. Metabolic effects of pioglitazone in combination with insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus whose disease is not adequately controlled with insulin therapy: Results of a six-month, randomized, double-blind, prospective, multicenter, parallel-group study. Clin Ther 2005;27(5):554-67
    • (2005) Clin. Ther. , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 554-567
    • Mattoo, V.1    Eckland, D.2    Widel, M.3
  • 48
    • 0033754530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: A 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study the pioglitazone 001 study group
    • Aronoff S, Rosenblatt S, Braithwaite S, et al. Pioglitazone hydrochloride monotherapy improves glycemic control in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes: A 6-month randomized placebo-controlled dose-response study. the Pioglitazone 001 Study Group. Diabetes Care 2000;23(11):1605-11
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , Issue.11 , pp. 1605-1611
    • Aronoff, S.1    Rosenblatt, S.2    Braithwaite, S.3
  • 49
    • 0036072223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Miyazaki Y, Mahankali A, Matsuda M, et al. Effect of pioglitazone on abdominal fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87(6):2784-91
    • (2002) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 2784-2791
    • Miyazaki, Y.1    Mahankali, A.2    Matsuda, M.3
  • 50
    • 9644266912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and energy expenditure: A randomized controlled trial
    • Smith S, De Jonge L, Volaufova J. Effect of pioglitazone on body composition and energy expenditure: A randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2005;54(1):24-32
    • (2005) Metabolism , vol.54 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-32
    • Smith, S.1    De Jonge, L.2    Volaufova, J.3
  • 51
    • 84870248203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidity: An analysis of the PROactive study population
    • published online 29 October 2011, 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.039.
    • Doehner W, Erdmann E, Cairns Ret al. Cairns R, et al. Inverse relation of body weight and weight change with mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidity: An analysis of the PROactive study population. Int J Cardiol 2011;published online 29 October 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.09.039.
    • (2011) Int. J. Cardiol.
    • Doehner, W.1    Erdmann, E.2    Cairns, R.3
  • 52
    • 0034919411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Rosenblatt S, Miskin B, Glazer N, et al. the impact of pioglitazone on glycemic control and atherogenic dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Coron Artery Dis 2001;12(5):413-23
    • (2001) Coron. Artery. Dis. , vol.12 , Issue.5 , pp. 413-423
    • Rosenblatt, S.1    Miskin, B.2    Glazer, N.3
  • 53
    • 0038746876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Herz M, Johns D, Reviriego J, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of the effects of pioglitazone on glycemic control and dyslipidemia in oral antihyperglycemic medication-naive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Ther 2003;25(4):1074-95
    • (2003) Clin. Ther. , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 1074-1095
    • Herz, M.1    Johns, D.2    Reviriego, J.3
  • 54
    • 33745986412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein a and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A multicenter randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial
    • Derosa G, Cicero A, D'Angelo A. Effects of 1 year of treatment with pioglitazone or rosiglitazone added to glimepiride on lipoprotein (a) and homocysteine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Clin Ther 2006;28(5):679-88
    • (2006) Clin. Ther. , vol.28 , Issue.5 , pp. 679-688
    • Derosa, G.1    Cicero, A.2    Dangelo, A.3
  • 55
    • 63849148589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: An overview of data from PROactive
    • Dormandy J, Bhattacharya M, van Troostenburg de Bruyn A. Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes: An overview of data from PROactive. Drug Saf 2009;32(3):187-202
    • (2009) Drug. Saf. , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 187-202
    • Dormandy, J.1    Bhattacharya, M.2    Van Troostenburg De Bruyn, A.3
  • 56
    • 84873609306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risque de cancer de la vessie chez les personnes diabetiques traitees par pioglitazone en france : Une etude de cohorte sur les donnees du SNIIRAM et du PMSI
    • Available from Last accessed 4 December 2011
    • Risque de cancer de la vessie chez les personnes diabetiques traitees par pioglitazone en France : une etude de cohorte sur les donnees du SNIIRAM et du PMSI. France: Caisse National d'Assurance Maladie. 2011. Available from: http://www.afssaps.fr/var/afssaps-site/storage/original/application/ b42a6bf9a1b63c3dbec7388d3914687b. pdf [Last accessed 4 December 2011]
    • (2011) France: Caisse National Dassurance Maladie
  • 57
    • 84873612404 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update to ongoing safety review of actos pioglitazone and increased risk of bladder cancer
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services News. Washington, DC: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available from Last accessed 4 December 2011]
    • Update to ongoing safety review of Actos (pioglitazone) and increased risk of bladder cancer. FDA Drug Safety Communication. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services News. Washington, DC: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2011. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm259150.htm [Last accessed 4 December 2011]
    • (2011) FDA Drug Safety Communication
  • 58
    • 12344255130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone impacts negatively on bone by promoting osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis
    • Soroceanu M, Miao D, Bai X, et al. Rosiglitazone impacts negatively on bone by promoting osteoblast/osteocyte apoptosis. J Endocrinol 2004;183(1):203-16
    • (2004) J. Endocrinol. , vol.183 , Issue.1 , pp. 203-216
    • Soroceanu, M.1    Miao, D.2    Bai, X.3
  • 59
    • 0347719481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bone is a target for the antidiabetic compound rosiglitazone
    • Rzonca S, Suva L, Gaddy D, et al. Bone is a target for the antidiabetic compound rosiglitazone. Endocrinology 2004;145(1):401-6
    • (2004) Endocrinology , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 401-406
    • Rzonca, S.1    Suva, L.2    Gaddy, D.3
  • 60
    • 14244250617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rosiglitazone causes bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation
    • Ali A, Weinstein R, Stewart S, et al. Rosiglitazone causes bone loss in mice by suppressing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Endocrinology 2005;146(3):1226-35
    • (2005) Endocrinology , vol.146 , Issue.3 , pp. 1226-1235
    • Ali, A.1    Weinstein, R.2    Stewart, S.3
  • 61
    • 58849094131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis
    • Loke Y, Singh S, Furberg C. Long-term use of thiazolidinediones and fractures in type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. CMAJ 2009;180(1):32-9
    • (2009) CMAJ , vol.180 , Issue.1 , pp. 32-39
    • Loke, Y.1    Singh, S.2    Furberg, C.3
  • 62
    • 33947536050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture risk is a class effect of glitazones
    • Short R. Fracture risk is a class effect of glitazones. BMJ 2007;334(7593):551
    • (2007) BMJ , vol.334 , Issue.7593 , pp. 551
    • Short, R.1
  • 63
    • 34748875916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes drug pioglitazone Actos: Risk of fracture
    • Meymeh R, Wooltorton E. Diabetes drug pioglitazone (Actos): Risk of fracture. CMAJ 2007;177(7):723-4
    • (2007) CMAJ , vol.177 , Issue.7 , pp. 723-724
    • Meymeh, R.1    Wooltorton, E.2
  • 64
    • 72449202060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone
    • Floyd J, Barbehenn E, Lurie P, Wolfe S. Case series of liver failure associated with rosiglitazone and pioglitazone. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009;18(12):1238-43
    • (2009) Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug. Saf. , vol.18 , Issue.12 , pp. 1238-1243
    • Floyd, J.1    Barbehenn, E.2    Lurie, P.3    Wolfe, S.4
  • 65
    • 23944491714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone metformin and gliclazide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes
    • Belcher G, Lambert C, Edwards G, et al. Safety and tolerability of pioglitazone, metformin, and gliclazide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2005;70(1):53-62
    • (2005) Diabetes. Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 53-62
    • Belcher, G.1    Lambert, C.2    Edwards, G.3
  • 66
    • 68849117389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone: Results from a 3-year randomized comparator-controlled study
    • Tolman K, Freston J, Kupfer S, Perez A. Liver safety in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with pioglitazone: Results from a 3-year, randomized, comparator-controlled study. Drug Saf 2009;32(9):787-800
    • (2009) Drug. Saf. , vol.32 , Issue.9 , pp. 787-800
    • Tolman, K.1    Freston, J.2    Kupfer, S.3    Perez, A.4
  • 67
    • 33745782356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetic macular edema associated with glitazone use
    • Ryan E, Han D, Ramsay R, et al. Diabetic macular edema associated with glitazone use. Retina 2006;25(5):562-70
    • (2006) Retina , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 562-570
    • Ryan, E.1    Han, D.2    Ramsay, R.3
  • 68
    • 62649174048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glitazone use associated with diabetic macular edema
    • Fong D, Contreras R. Glitazone use associated with diabetic macular edema. Am J Ophthalmol 2009;147(4):583-6
    • (2009) Am. J. Ophthalmol. , vol.147 , Issue.4 , pp. 583-586
    • Fong, D.1    Contreras, R.2
  • 69
    • 34547882402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin following pioglitazone treatment is not hemodilutional in type II diabetes mellitus
    • Berria R, Glass L, Mahankali A, et al. Reduction in hematocrit and hemoglobin following pioglitazone treatment is not hemodilutional in Type II diabetes mellitus. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007;82(3):275-81
    • (2007) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.82 , Issue.3 , pp. 275-281
    • Berria, R.1    Glass, L.2    Mahankali, A.3
  • 70
    • 0029847076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation by thiazolidinediones induces adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells
    • Gimble J, Robinson C, Wu X, et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation by thiazolidinediones induces adipogenesis in bone marrow stromal cells. Mol Pharmacol 1996;50(5):1087-94
    • (1996) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.50 , Issue.5 , pp. 1087-1094
    • Gimble, J.1    Robinson, C.2    Wu, X.3
  • 71
    • 0037243056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile
    • Hayashi Y, Miyachi N, Takeuchi T, et al. Clinical evaluation of pioglitazone in patients with type 2 diabetes using alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and examination of its efficacy profile. Diabetes Obes Metab 2003;5(1):58-65
    • (2003) Diabetes Obes. Metab. , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-65
    • Hayashi, Y.1    Miyachi, N.2    Takeuchi, T.3
  • 72
    • 84873610987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential signals of serious risksnew safety information identified by the adverse event reporting system AERS between july-september 2010
    • Washington, DC: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Available from Last accessed 26 March 2011
    • Potential Signals of Serious Risks/New Safety Information Identified by the Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) between July - September 2010. Adverse Event Reporting System Quarterly Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Food and Drug Administration. 2010. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/drugs/ guidancecomplianceregulatory information/surveillance/adversedrugeffects/ ucm237585.htm [Last accessed 26 March 2011]
    • (2010) Adverse Event Reporting System Quarterly Report
  • 73
    • 1642385604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Rajagopalan R, Perez A, Ye Z, et al. Pioglitazone is effective therapy for elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Drugs Aging 2004;21(4):259-71
    • (2004) Drugs. Aging , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-271
    • Rajagopalan, R.1    Perez, A.2    Ye, Z.3
  • 74
    • 33746082061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of pioglitazone on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post hoc analysis of four randomized trials
    • Rajagopalan R, Xu Y, Abbadessa M. the effect of pioglitazone on glycemic and lipid parameters and adverse events in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post hoc analysis of four randomized trials. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2006;4(2):123-33
    • (2006) Am. J. Geriatr. Pharmacother. , vol.4 , Issue.2 , pp. 123-133
    • Rajagopalan, R.1    Xu, Y.2    Abbadessa, M.3
  • 75
    • 33751415019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
    • Zdravkovic V, Hamilton J, Daneman D, Cummings E. Pioglitazone as adjunctive therapy in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr 2006;149(6):845-9
    • (2006) J. Pediatr , vol.149 , Issue.6 , pp. 845-849
    • Zdravkovic, V.1    Hamilton, J.2    Daneman, D.3    Cummings, E.4
  • 76
    • 17044422916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental transfer of rosiglitazone in the first trimester of human pregnancy
    • Chan L, Yeung J, Lau T. Placental transfer of rosiglitazone in the first trimester of human pregnancy. Fertil Steril 2005;83(4):955-8
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.83 , Issue.4 , pp. 955-958
    • Chan, L.1    Yeung, J.2    Lau, T.3
  • 77
    • 34547220401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: A paradigm shift
    • Feig D, Briggs G, Koren G. Oral antidiabetic agents in pregnancy and lactation: A paradigm shift? Ann Pharmacother 2007;41(7):1174-80
    • (2007) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 1174-1180
    • Feig, D.1    Briggs, G.2    Koren, G.3
  • 78
    • 51449098145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Successful pregnancies treated with pioglitazone in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
    • Ota H, Goto T, Yoshioka T, Ohyama N. Successful pregnancies treated with pioglitazone in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2008;90(3):709-13
    • (2008) Fertil Steril , vol.90 , Issue.3 , pp. 709-713
    • Ota, H.1    Goto, T.2    Yoshioka, T.3    Ohyama, N.4
  • 79
    • 0038746657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in patients with impaired renal function
    • Budde K, Neumayer H, Fritsche L, et al. the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone in patients with impaired renal function. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003;55(4):368-74
    • (2003) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.55 , Issue.4 , pp. 368-374
    • Budde, K.1    Neumayer, H.2    Fritsche, L.3
  • 80
    • 0037705723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thiazolidinedione safety and efficacy in ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis
    • Manley H, Allcock N. Thiazolidinedione safety and efficacy in ambulatory patients receiving hemodialysis. Pharmacotherapy 2003;23(7):861-5
    • (2003) Pharmacotherapy , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 861-865
    • Manley, H.1    Allcock, N.2
  • 81
    • 77953634420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis
    • Abe M, Okada K, Maruyama T, et al. Clinical effectiveness and safety evaluation of long-term pioglitazone treatment for erythropoietin responsiveness and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetic patients on hemodialysis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2010;11(10):1611-20
    • (2010) Expert. Opin Pharmacother. , vol.11 , Issue.10 , pp. 1611-1620
    • Abe, M.1    Okada, K.2    Maruyama, T.3
  • 82
    • 43049156532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of pioglitazone on type 2 diabetic patients with hemodialysis
    • Abe M, Kikuchi F, Okada K, et al. Efficacy of pioglitazone on type 2 diabetic patients with hemodialysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2008;80(3):432-8
    • (2008) Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. , vol.80 , Issue.3 , pp. 432-438
    • Abe, M.1    Kikuchi, F.2    Okada, K.3
  • 83
    • 33745703773 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: Potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors
    • Jaakkola T, Laitila J, Neuvonen P, Backman J. Pioglitazone is metabolised by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 in vitro: potential for interactions with CYP2C8 inhibitors. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2006;99(1):44-51
    • (2006) Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 44-51
    • Jaakkola, T.1    Laitila, J.2    Neuvonen, P.3    Backman, J.4
  • 84
    • 33646772501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suspected suppression of the INR by thiazolidinediones: Interaction between warfarin and TZDs
    • Hoffmann T, Parker D, Buch H, Balusu P. Suspected suppression of the INR by thiazolidinediones: Interaction between warfarin and TZDs. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40(5):994-6
    • (2006) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.40 , Issue.5 , pp. 994-996
    • Hoffmann, T.1    Parker, D.2    Buch, H.3    Balusu, P.4
  • 85
    • 33644893387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone
    • Jaakkola T, Backman J, Neuvonen M, et al. Effect of rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2006;61(1):70-8
    • (2006) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.61 , Issue.1 , pp. 70-78
    • Jaakkola, T.1    Backman, J.2    Neuvonen, M.3
  • 86
    • 19144370649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of gemfibrozil itraconazole and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone
    • Jaakkola T, Backman J, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen P. Effects of gemfibrozil, itraconazole, and their combination on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2005;77(5):404-14
    • (2005) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.77 , Issue.5 , pp. 404-414
    • Jaakkola, T.1    Backman, J.2    Neuvonen, M.3    Neuvonen, P.4
  • 87
    • 28344441475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone
    • Deng L, Wang F, Li H. Effect of gemfibrozil on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2005;61(11):831-6
    • (2005) Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.61 , Issue.11 , pp. 831-836
    • Deng, L.1    Wang, F.2    Li, H.3
  • 88
    • 37549040583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimethoprim and the CYP2C8 3 allele have opposite effects on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone
    • Tornio A, Niemi M, Neuvonen P, Backman J. Trimethoprim and the CYP2C8.*3 allele have opposite effects on the pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone. Drug Metab Dispos 2008;36(1):73-80
    • (2008) Drug. Metab. Dispos. , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 73-80
    • Tornio, A.1    Niemi, M.2    Neuvonen, P.3    Backman, J.4
  • 89
    • 77649091668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American association of clinical endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus
    • Rodbard H, Blonde L, Braithwaite S, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists medical guidelines for clinical practice for the management of diabetes mellitus. Endocr Pract 2007;13(Suppl 1):1-68
    • (2007) Endocr. Pract. , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-68
    • Rodbard, H.1    Blonde, L.2    Braithwaite, S.3
  • 90
    • 60449089649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: A consensus statement of the american diabetes association and the european association for the study of diabetes
    • Nathan D, Buse J, Davidson M. Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: A consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: A consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009;32(1):193-203
    • (2009) Diabetes. Care , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 193-203
    • Nathan, D.1    Buse, J.2    Davidson, M.3
  • 91
    • 0033857387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists
    • Olefsky J. Treatment of insulin resistance with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists. J Clin Invest 2000;106(4):467-72
    • (2000) J. Clin. Invest. , vol.106 , Issue.4 , pp. 467-472
    • Olefsky, J.1
  • 92
    • 77952492038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery and development of selective PPAR gamma modulators as safe and effective antidiabetic agents
    • Doshi L, Brahma M, Bahirat U, et al. Discovery and development of selective PPAR gamma modulators as safe and effective antidiabetic agents. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2010;19(4):489-512
    • (2010) Expert. Opin Investig. Drugs. , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 489-512
    • Doshi, L.1    Brahma, M.2    Bahirat, U.3
  • 93
    • 77954941113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARgamma by Cdk5
    • Choi J, Banks A, Estall J, et al. Anti-diabetic drugs inhibit obesity-linked phosphorylation of PPARgamma by Cdk5. Nature 2010;466(7305):451-6
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , Issue.7305 , pp. 451-456
    • Choi, J.1    Banks, A.2    Estall, J.3
  • 94
    • 10644293716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzoyl 2-methyl indoles as selective PPARgamma modulators
    • Acton Jr, Black R, Jones A, et al. Benzoyl 2-methyl indoles as selective PPARgamma modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005;15(2):357-62
    • (2005) Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. , vol.15 , Issue.2 , pp. 357-362
    • Acton, Jr.1    Black, R.2    Jones, A.3
  • 95
    • 77954911499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obesity: New life for antidiabetic drugs
    • Houtkooper R, Auwerx J. Obesity: new life for antidiabetic drugs. Nature 2010;466(7305):443-4
    • (2010) Nature , vol.466 , Issue.7305 , pp. 443-444
    • Houtkooper, R.1    Auwerx, J.2
  • 96
    • 42249084078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urothelial carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats treated with naveglitazar a gamma-dominant PPAR alpha gamma agonist: Lack of evidence for urolithiasis as an inciting event
    • Long GG, Reynolds VL, Lopez-Martinez A, et al. Urothelial carcinogenesis in the urinary bladder of rats treated with naveglitazar, a gamma-dominant PPAR alpha/gamma agonist: lack of evidence for urolithiasis as an inciting event. Toxicol Pathol 2008;36:218-31
    • (2008) Toxicol. Pathol. , vol.36 , pp. 218-231
    • Long, G.G.1    Reynolds, V.L.2    Lopez-Martinez, A.3
  • 97
    • 34250213233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists
    • Chang F, Jaber LA, Berlie HD, O'Connell MBet al. Evolution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists. Ann Pharmacother 2007;41(6):973-83
    • (2007) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.41 , Issue.6 , pp. 973-983
    • Chang, F.1    Jaber, L.A.2    Berlie, H.D.3    Oconnell, M.B.4
  • 98
    • 28144451163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Nissen SE, Wolski K, , Topol EJ. Effect of muraglitazar on death and major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. JAMA 2005;294(20):2581-6
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , Issue.20 , pp. 2581-2586
    • Nissen, S.E.1    Wolski, K.2    Topol, E.J.3
  • 99
    • 67649839953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha gamma agonist aleglitazar on risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes SYNCHRONY: A phase II randomised dose-ranging study
    • Henry RR, Lincoff AM, Mudaliar S, et al. Effect of the dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha/gamma agonist aleglitazar on risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes (SYNCHRONY): A phase II, randomised, dose-ranging study. Lancet 2009;374(9684):126-35
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , Issue.9684 , pp. 126-325
    • Henry, R.R.1    Lincoff, A.M.2    Mudaliar, S.3
  • 100
    • 79956066099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of high dose aleglitazar on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Herz M, Gaspari F, Perico N, et al. Effects of high dose aleglitazar on renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Cardiol 2011;151(2):136-42
    • (2011) Int. J. Cardiol. , vol.151 , Issue.2 , pp. 136-142
    • Herz, M.1    Gaspari, F.2    Perico, N.3
  • 101
    • 84873608819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ClinicalTrials.gov Registry. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health. Available from Last accessed 10 December 2011
    • A Study With Aleglitazar in Patients With a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ClinicalTrials.gov Registry. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health. 2011.Available from: http://clinicaltrials. gov/ct2/show/study/NCT01042769? term=aleglitazar &rank=6&show-locs= Y#locn [Last accessed 10 December 2011]
    • (2011) A Study With Aleglitazar in Patients With a Recent Acute Coronary Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.