Description of atmospheric conditions at the Pierre Auger Observatory using the Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS)

Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 35, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 591-607

  Abreu, P ^bd   Aglietta, M ^aq   Ahlers, M ^ch   Ahn, E J ^bv   Albuquerque, I F M ^k   Allard, D ^x   Allekotte, I ^a   Allen, J ^bz   Allison, P ^cb   Almela, A ^f,g   Alvarez Castillo, J ^aw   Alvarez Muniz J ^bn   Ambrosio, M ^an   Aminaei, A ^ax   Anchordoqui, L ^ci   Andringa, S ^bd   Anticic T ^s   Aramo, C ^an   Arganda, E ^d,bk   Arqueros, F ^bk   Asorey, H ^a   Assis, P ^bd   Aublin, J ^z   Ave, M ^ae   Avenier, M ^aa   Avila, G ^h   Backer T ^ai   Badescu, A M ^bg   Balzer, M ^ad   Barber, K B ⁱ   Barbosa, A F ^j   Bardenet, R ^y   Barroso, S L C ⁿ   Baughman, B ^cb,ck   Bauml J ^ad   Beatty, J J ^cb   Becker, B R ^cg   Becker, K H ^ac   Belletoile A ^ab   Bellido, J A ⁱ   Benzvi, S ^ch   Berat, C ^aa   Bertou, X ^a   Biermann, P L ^af   Billoir, P ^z   Blanco, F ^bk   Blanco, M ^z,bl   Bleve, C ^ac   Blumer H ^ad,ae   Bohacova M ^u   Boncioli, D ^ao   Bonifazi, C ^q,z   Bonino, R ^aq   Borodai, N ^bb   Brack, J ^bt   Brancus, I ^be   Brogueira, P ^bd   Brown, W C ^bu   Bruijn, R ^bp,cl   Buchholz, P ^ai   Bueno, A ^bm   Burton, R E ^br   Caballero Mora, K S ^cc   Caccianiga, B ^al   Caramete, L ^af   Caruso, R ^ap   Castellina, A ^aq   Catalano, O ^ar   Cataldi, G ^am   Cazon, L ^bd   Cester, R ^aq   Chauvin, J ^aa   Cheng, S H ^cc   Chiavassa, A ^aq   Chinellato, J A ^l   Chirinos Diaz, J ^by   Chudoba, J ^u   Clay, R W ⁱ   Coluccia, M R ^am   Conceiao R ^bd   Contreras, F ^h   Cook, H ^bp   Cooper, M J ⁱ   Coppens, J ^ax,az   Cordier, A ^y   Coutu, S ^cc   Covault, C E ^br   Creusot, A ^x   Criss, A ^cc   Cronin, J ^ce   Curutiu, A ^af   Dagoret Campagne, S ^y   Dallier, R ^ab   Daniel, B ^l   Dasso, S ^c,e   Daumiller, K ^ad   Dawson, B R ⁱ   De Almeida, R M ^r   De Domenico, M ^ap   De Donato, C ^aw   De Jong, S J ^ax,az   De La Vega, G ^g   De Mello Junior, W J M ^l   De Mello Neto, J R T ^q   De Mitri, I ^am   De Souza, V ^k   De Vries, K D ^ay   Del Peral, L ^bl   Del Rio M ^h,ao   Deligny, O ^w   Dembinski, H ^ae   Dhital, N ^by   Di Giulio, C ^ak,ao   Diaz Castro M L ^j   Diep, P N ^cj   Diogo, F ^bd   Dobrigkeit, C ^l   Docters, W ^ay   D'Olivo, J C ^aw   Dong, P N ^w,cj   Dorofeev, A ^bt   Dos Anjos, J C ^j   Dova, M T ^d   D'Urso, D ^an   Dutan, I ^af   Ebr, J ^u   Engel, R ^ad   Erdmann, M ^ag   Escobar, C O ^l,bv   Espadanal, J ^bd   Etchegoyen, A ^f,g   Facal San Luis, P ^ce   Fajardo Tapia, I ^aw   Falcke, H ^ax,ba   Farrar, G ^bz   Fauth, A C ^l   Fazzini, N ^bv   Ferguson, A P ^br   Fick, B ^by   Filevich, A ^f   Filipcic A ^bh,bi   Fliescher, S ^ag   Fracchiolla, C E ^bt   Fraenkel, E D ^ay   Fratu, O ^bg   Frohlich U ^ai   Fuchs, B ^ae   Gaior, R ^z   Gamarra, R F ^f   Gambetta, S ^aj   Garcia B ^g   Garcia Roca, S T ^bn   Garcia Gamez, D ^y   Garcia Pinto, D ^bk   Gascon, A ^bm   Gemmeke, H ^ad   Ghia, P L ^z   Giaccari, U ^am   Giller, M ^bc   Glass, H ^bv   Gold, M S ^cg   Golup, G ^a   Gomez Albarracin, F ^d   Gomez Berisso M ^a   Gomez Vitale P F ^h   Gonalves, P ^bd   Gonzalez, D ^ae   Gonzalez, J G ^ad   Gookin, B ^bt   Gorgi, A ^aq   Gouffon, P ^k   Grashorn, E ^cb   Grebe, S ^ax,az   Griffith, N ^cb   Grigat, M ^ag   Grillo, A F ^as   Guardincerri, Y ^c   Guarino, F ^an   Guedes, G P ^m   Guzman, A ^aw   Hansen, P ^d   Harari, D ^a   Harrison, T A ⁱ   Harton, J L ^bt   Haungs, A ^ad   Hebbeker, T ^ag   Heck, D ^ad   Herve, A E ⁱ   Hojvat, C ^bv   Hollon, N ^ce   Holmes, V C ⁱ   Homola, P ^bb   Horandel J R ^ax   Horneffer, A ^ax   Horvath, P ^v   Hrabovsky M ^u,v   Huber, D ^ae   Huege, T ^ad   Insolia, A ^ap   Ionita, F ^ce   Italiano, A ^ap   Jarne, C ^d   Jiraskova, S ^ax   Josebachuili, M ^f   Kadija, K ^s   Kampert, K H ^ac   Karhan, P ^t   Kasper, P ^bv   Kegl B ^y   Keilhauer, B ^ad   Keivani, A ^bx   Kelley, J L ^ax   Kemp, E ^l   Kieckhafer, R M ^by   Klages, H O ^ad   Kleifges, M ^ad   Kleinfeller, J ^h,ad   Knapp, J ^bp   Koang, D H ^aa   Kotera, K ^ce   Krohm, N ^ac   Kromer O ^ad   Kruppke Hansen, D ^ac   Kuehn, F ^bv   Kuempel, D ^ac,ai   Kulbartz, J K ^ah   Kunka, N ^ad   La Rosa, G ^ar   Lachaud, C ^x   Lahurd, D ^br   Latronico, L ^aq   Lauer, R ^cg   Lautridou, P ^ab   Le Coz, S ^aa   Leao M S A B ^p   Lebrun, D ^aa   Lebrun, P ^bv   Leigui De Oliveira, M A ^p   Letessier Selvon, A ^z   Lhenry Yvon, I ^w   Link, K ^ae   Lopez R ^at   Lopez Aguera A ^bn   Louedec, K ^y,aa   Lozano Bahilo, J ^bm   Lu, L ^bp   Lucero, A ^f   Ludwig, M ^ae   Lyberis, H ^q,w   MacCarone, M C ^ar   MacOlino, C ^z   Maldera, S ^aq   Mandat, D ^u   Mantsch, P ^bv   Mariazzi, A G ^d   Marin, J ^h,aq   Marin, V ^ab   Maris, I C ^z   Marquez Falcon, H R ^av   Marsella, G ^am   Martello, D ^am   Martin, L ^ab   Martinez, H ^au   Martinez Bravo O ^at   Mathes, H J ^ad   Matthews, J ^bx,cd   Matthews, J A J ^cg   Matthiae, G ^ao   Maurel, D ^ad   Maurizio, D ^aq   Mazur, P O ^bv   Medina Tanco, G ^aw   Melissas, M ^ae   Melo, D ^f   Menichetti, E ^aq   Menshikov, A ^ad   Mertsch, P ^bo   Meurer, C ^ag   Mi'Canovi'C, S ^s   Micheletti, M I ^b   Minaya, I A ^bk   Miramonti, L ^al   Molina Bueno, L ^bm   Mollerach, S ^a   Monasor, M ^ce   Monnier Ragaigne, D ^y   Montanet, F ^aa   Morales, B ^aw   Morello, C ^aq   Moreno, E ^at   Moreno, J C ^d   Mostafa M ^bt   Moura, C A ^p   Muller, M A ^l   Muller G ^ag   Munchmeyer M ^z   Mussa, R ^aq   Navarra, G ^aq   Navarro, J L ^b   Navas, S ^bm   Necesal, P ^u   Nellen, L ^aw   Nelles, A ^ax,az   Neuser, J ^ac   Nhung, P T ^cj   Niechciol, M ^ai   Niemietz, L ^ac   Nierstenhoefer, N ^ac   Nitz, D ^by   Nosek, D ^t   Nozka L ^u   Oehlschlager J ^ad   Olinto, A ^ce   Ortiz, M ^bk   Pacheco, N ^bl   Pakk Selmi Dei, D ^l   Palatka, M ^u   Pallotta, J ^b   Palmieri, N ^ae   Parente, G ^bn   Parizot, E ^x   Parra, A ^bn   Pastor, S ^bj   Paul, T ^ca   Pech, M ^u   Pekala J ^bb   Pelayo, R ^at,bn   Pepe, I M ^o   Perrone, L ^am   Pesce, R ^aj   Petermann, E ^cf   Petrera, S ^ak   Petrinca, P ^ao   Petrolini, A ^aj   Petrov, Y ^bt   Pfendner, C ^ch   Piegaia, R ^c   Pierog, T ^ad   Pieroni, P ^c   Pimenta, M ^bd   Pirronello, V ^ap   Platino, M ^f   Ponce, V H ^a   Pontz, M ^ai   Porcelli, A ^ad   Privitera, P ^ce   Prouza, M ^u   Quel, E J ^b   Querchfeld, S ^ac   Rautenberg, J ^ac   Ravel, O ^ab   Ravignani, D ^f   Revenu, B ^ab   Ridky, J ^u   Riggi, S ^bn   Risse, M ^ai   Ristori, P ^b   Rivera, H ^al   Rizi, V ^ak   Roberts, J ^bz   Rodrigues De Carvalho, W ^bn   Rodriguez, G ^bn   Rodriguez Martino, J ^h   Rodriguez Rojo, J ^h   Rodriguez Cabo, I ^bn   Rodriguez Frias M D ^bl   Ros, G ^bl   Rosado, J ^bk   Rossler, T ^v   Roth, M ^ad   Rouille D'Orfeuil B ^ce   Roulet, E ^a   Rovero, A C ^e   Ruhle C ^ad   Saftoiu, A ^be   Salamida, F ^w   Salazar, H ^at   Salesa Greus, F ^bt   Salina, G ^ao   Sanchez F ^f   Santo, C E ^bd   Santos, E ^bd   Santos, E M ^q   Sarazin, F ^bs   Sarkar, B ^ac   Sarkar, S ^bo   Sato, R ^h   Scharf, N ^ag   Scherini, V ^al   Schieler, H ^ad   Schiffer, P ^ag,ah   Schmidt, A ^ad   Scholten, O ^ay   Schoorlemmer, H ^ax,az   Schovancova, J ^u   Schovanek P ^u   Schroder F ^ad   Schulte, S ^ag   Schuster, D ^bs   Sciutto, S J ^d   Scuderi, M ^ap   Segreto, A ^ar   Settimo, M ^ai   Shadkam, A ^bx   Shellard, R C ^j   Sidelnik, I ^f   Sigl, G ^ah   Silva Lopez, H H ^aw   Sima, O ^bf   'Smialkowski A ^bc   Smida R ^ad   Snow, G R ^cf   Sommers, P ^cc   Sorokin, J ⁱ   Spinka, H ^bq,bv   Squartini, R ^h   Srivastava, Y N ^ca   Stanic, S ^bi   Stapleton, J ^cb   Stasielak, J ^bb   Stephan, M ^ag   Stutz, A ^aa   Suarez, F ^f   Suomijarvi T ^w   Supanitsky, A D ^e   Susa T ^s   Sutherland, M S ^bx   Swain, J ^ca   Szadkowski, Z ^bc   Szuba, M ^ad   Tapia, A ^f   Tartare, M ^aa   Tacu, O ^ac   Tavera Ruiz, C G ^aw   Tcaciuc, R ^ai   Thao, N T ^cj   Thomas, D ^bt   Tiffenberg, J ^c   Timmermans, C ^ax,az   Tkaczyk, W ^bc   Todero Peixoto, C J ^k   Toma, G ^be   Tomankova, L ^u   Tome B ^bd   Tonachini, A ^aq   Travnicek, P ^u   Tridapalli, D B ^k   Tristram, G ^x   Trovato, E ^ap   Tueros, M ^bn   Ulrich, R ^ad   Unger, M ^ad   Urban, M ^y   Valdes Galicia J F ^aw   Valino I ^bn   Valore, L ^an   Van Den Berg, A M ^ay   Varela, E ^at   Vargascardenas B ^aw   Vazquez J R ^bk   Vazquez R A ^bn   Veberic D ^bh,bi   Verzi, V ^ao   Vicha, J ^u   Videla, M ^g   Villasenor L ^av   Wahlberg, H ^d   Wahrlich, P ⁱ   Wainberg, O ^f,g   Walz, D ^ag   Watson, A A ^bp   Weber, M ^ad   Weidenhaupt, K ^ag   Weindl, A ^ad   Werner, F ^ad   Westerhoff, S ^ch   Whelan, B J ⁱ   Widom, A ^ca   Wieczorek, G ^bc   Wiencke, L ^bs   Wilczynska B ^bb   Wilczynski H ^bb   Will, M ^ad   Williams, C ^ce   Winchen, T ^ag   Wommer, M ^ad   Wundheiler, B ^f   Yamamoto, T ^ce,cm   Yapici, T ^by   Younk, P ^ai,bw   Yuan, G ^bx   Yushkov, A ^bn   Zamorano, B ^bm   Zas, E ^bn   Zavrtanik, D ^bh,bi   Zavrtanik, M ^bh,bi   Zaw, I ^bz,cn   Zepeda, A ^au   Zhu, Y ^ad   Zimbres Silva, M ^l,ac   Ziolkowski, M ^ai   more..

^a CENTRO ATÓMICO BARILOCHE   (Argentina)

^b CONICET ^*  (Argentina)

^c UNIVERSIDAD DE BUENOS AIRES   (Argentina)

^d UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA   (Argentina)

^e INSTITUTO DE ASTRONOMÍA Y FÍSICA DEL ESPACIO   (Argentina)

^f UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN MARTÍN   (Argentina)

^g UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA NACIONAL   (Argentina)

^h OBSERVATORIO PIERRE AUGER   (Argentina)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

^j CENTRO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS FÍSICAS   (Brazil)

^k UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^l UNIVERSITY OF CAMPINAS   (Brazil)

^m DEPARTAMENTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS   (Brazil)

ⁿ UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DO SUDOESTE DA BAHIA   (Brazil)

^o FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF BAHIA   (Brazil)

^p UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO ABC   (Brazil)

^q FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO   (Brazil)

^r FLUMINENSE FEDERAL UNIVERSITY   (Brazil)

^s Rudjer Bo kovi'c Institute   (Croatia)

^t CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^u INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS   (Czech Republic)

^v PALACKÝ UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^w UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SACLAY   (France)

^x UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^y UNIVERSITÉ PARIS SUD   (France)

^z UNIVERSITÉ PARIS DIDEROT   (France)

^aa UNIVERSITÉ JOSEPH FOURIER GRENOBLE 1   (France)

^ab UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

^ac UNIVERSITY OF WUPPERTAL   (Germany)

^ad KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^ae UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE   (Germany)

^af MAX PLANCK INSTITUT FÜR RADIOASTRONOMIE   (Germany)

^ag RWTH AACHEN UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^ah UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG   (Germany)

^ai UNIVERSITY OF SIEGEN   (Germany)

^aj INFM   (Italy)

^ak UNIVERSITY OF L'AQUILA   (Italy)

^al UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^am UNIVERSITY OF SALENTO   (Italy)

^an UNIVERSITY OF NAPLES FEDERICO II   (Italy)

^ao UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA   (Italy)

^ap UNIVERSITY OF CATANIA   (Italy)

^aq UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^ar INAF IASF PALERMO   (Italy)

^as LABORATORI NAZIONALI DEL GRAN SASSO   (Italy)

^at BENEMÉRITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA   (Mexico)

^au DEPARTAMENTO DE FÍSICA   (Mexico)

^av UNIVERSIDAD MICHOACANA DE SAN NICOLÁS DE HIDALGO   (Mexico)

^aw UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

^ax RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

^ay UNIVERSITY OF GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^az NIKHEF   (Netherlands)

^ba ASTRON   (Netherlands)

^bb INSTITUTE OF NUCLEAR PHYSICS   (Poland)

^bc UNIVERSITY OF LODZ   (Poland)

^bd LIP   (Portugal)

^be HORIA HULUBEI NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND NUCLEAR ENGINEERING   (Romania)

^bf UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST   (Romania)

^bg UNIVERSITY POLITEHNICA OF BUCHAREST   (Romania)

^bh JO EF STEFAN INSTITUTE   (Slovenia)

^bi UNIVERSITY OF NOVA GORICA   (Slovenia)

^bj UNIVERSITY OF VALENCIA   (Spain)

^bk UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID   (Spain)

^bl UNIVERSITY OF ALCALÁ   (Spain)

^bm UNIVERSITY OF GRANADA   (Spain)

^bn UNIVERSITY OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA   (Spain)

^bo UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^bp UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS   (United Kingdom)

^bq ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^br CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bs Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering   (United States)

^bt Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

^bu Malik and Seeme Hasan School of Business   (United States)

^bv FERMI NATIONAL ACCELERATOR LABORATORY   (United States)

^bw LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

^bx LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^by MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^bz NEW YORK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ca NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^cb OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^cc PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^cd SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^ce UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^cf UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA LINCOLN   (United States)

^cg UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^ch UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

^ci UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^cj VIETNAM ATOMIC ENERGY INSTITUTE   (Viet Nam)

^ck UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND   (United States)

^cl UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE   (Switzerland)

^cm KOBE UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^cn NEW YORK UNIVERSITY ABU DHABI   (United Arab Emirates)

more..

Author keywords

Atmospheric models; Atmospheric monitoring; Cosmic rays; Extensive air showers

Indexed keywords

AIR SHOWERS; ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC MONITORING; EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; GLOBAL DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS; NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY; STATE VARIABLES; WEATHER STATIONS;

AUGERS; BUILDINGS; COSMIC RAYS; OBSERVATORIES;

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY;

EID: 84862801144     PISSN: 09276505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2011.12.002     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. J. Abraham Properties and performance of the prototype instrument for the Pierre Auger Observatory Nucl. Instrum. Methods A523 2004 50 95 (Pubitemid 350167048)
2. J. Abraham The fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory Nucl. Instrum. Methods A620 2010 227 251 10.1016/j.nima.2010.04.023
3. J. Abraham A study of the effect of molecular and aerosol conditions in the atmosphere on air fluorescence measurements at the Pierre Auger Observatory APh 33 2010 108 129
4. J. Abraham Atmospheric effects on extensive air showers observed with the surface detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory APh 32 2009 89 99
5. K. Louedec, The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Atmospheric monitoring at the pierre auger observatory - status and update, in: Proc. 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China, 2011, .
6. B. Keilhauer, and The Pierre Auger Collaboration The balloon-the-shower programme of the Pierre Auger Observatory Astrophys. Space Sci. Trans. 6 2010 27 30
7. F. Arqueros, J. Hörandel, and B. Keilhauer Air fluorescence relevant for cosmic-ray detection - summary of the 5th fluorescence workshop, El Escorial 2007 Nucl. Instrum. Methods A597 2008 1 22
8. M. Ave Temperature and humidity dependence of air fluorescence yield measured by AIRFLY Nucl. Instrum. Methods A597 2008 50 54
9. M. Boháčová, The AIRFLY Collaboration, Temperature and humidity dependence of air fluorescence yield, in: 6th Air Fluorescence Workshop, L'Aquila, Italy, 2009.
10. M. Nagano New measurement on photon yields from air and the application to the energy estimation of primary cosmic rays APh 22 2004 235 248
11. J.C. Owens Temperature and composition Appl. Opt. 6 1967 51 59
12. 2O, and refractivity virials Appl. Opt. 41 2002 2292 2298 (Pubitemid 34771586)
13. K. Birch, and M. Downs An updated Edlén equation for the refractive index of air Metrologia 30 1993 155 162
14. C. Tomasi Improved algorithm for calculations of Rayleigh-scattering optical depth in standard atmospheres Appl. Opt. 44 2005 3320 3341 (Pubitemid 40844333)
15. B. Keilhauer et al., The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Rapid atmospheric monitoring after the detection of high-energy showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory, in: Proc. 31st ICRC, Łódź, Poland, 2009, .
16. P. Müller, and H. von Storch Computer Modeling in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences 2004 Springer Verlag
17. W. Wergen Datenassimilation - ein Überblick Promet 27 3/4 2002 142 149 (in German)
18. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory (ARL), Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS1) Archive Information, Tech. rep., < http://ready.arl.noaa.gov/gdas1. php >, 2004.
19. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), US Standard Atmosphere 1976, NASA-TM-X-74335, 1976.
20. National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), GFS/G DAS Changes Since 1991, Tech. rep., , 2010.
21. B. Stunder, NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, private communication, 2011.
22. M. Mahoney, A Discussion of Various Measures of Altitude, Tech. rep., < http://mtp.mjmahoney.net/www/notes/altitude/altitude.html >, 2008.
23. B. Bodhaine On Rayleigh optical depth calculations J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech. 16 1999 1854 1861 (Pubitemid 30127926)
24. S. Argir The offline software framework of the Pierre Auger Observatory Nucl. Instrum. Methods A580 2007 1485 1496
25. M. Ave The AIRFLY Collaboration Measurement of the pressure dependence of air fluorescence emission induced by electrons APh 28 2007 41 57 (Pubitemid 47361744)
26. R. Pesce et al., The Pierre Auger Collaboration, Energy calibration of data recorded with the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory: an update, in: Proc. 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China, 2011, .
27. B. Keilhauer, J. Blümer, R. Engel, and H. Klages Altitude dependence of fluorescence light emission by extensive air showers Nucl. Instrum. Methods A597 2008 99 104
28. T. Bergmann One-dimensional hybrid approach to extensive air shower simulation APh 26 2007 420 432 (Pubitemid 44793106)
29. S. Ostapchenko QGSJET-II: towards reliable description of very high energy hadronic interactions Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl. 151 2006 143 146 (Pubitemid 43019379)
30. B. Keilhauer, M. Unger, Fluorescence emission induced by extensive air showers in dependence on atmospheric conditions, in: Proc. 31st ICRC, Łódź, Poland, 2009, .