One-dimensional hybrid approach to extensive air shower simulation

Astroparticle Physics

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 420-432

  Bergmann, T ^a   Engel, R ^a   Heck, D ^a   Kalmykov, N N ^b   Ostapchenko, S ^a,b   Pierog, T ^a   Thouw, T ^a   Werner, K ^c  

^a KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY   (Russian Federation)

^c UNIVERSITÉ DE NANTES   (France)

Author keywords

Cascade equations; Cosmic rays; Extensive air shower; Simulation

Indexed keywords

ALGORITHMS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ELECTROMAGNETISM; FLUORESCENCE; IONIZATION; MONTE CARLO METHODS;

CASCADE EQUATIONS; ENERGY SUB-SHOWERS; EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER;

HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS;

EID: 33751244551     PISSN: 09276505     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2006.08.005     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. A.M. Hillas, in: Proceedings of 17th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 8, Paris, France, 1981, p. 193.
2. M. Kobal, A. Filipčič, D. Zavrtanik, in: Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 1, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 1999, p. 490.
3. M. Risse, D. Heck, J. Knapp, S.S. Ostapchenko, in: Proceedings of 27th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 2, Hamburg, Germany, 2001, p. 522.
4. Kobal M. Astropart. Phys. 15 (2001) 259
5. L.G. Dedenko, in: Proceedings of 9th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 1, London, UK, 1965, p. 662.
6. M. Hillas, in: Proceedings of 9th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 1, London, UK, 1965, p. 758.
7. Bossard G., Drescher H.J., Kalmykov N.N., Ostapchenko S., Pavlov A.I., Pierog T., Vishnevskaya E.A., and Werner K. Phys. Rev. D63 (2001) 054030. Available from:
8. Kalmykov N.N., and Motova M.V. Yadernaya Fiz. (Russ.) 43 (1986) 630
9. D. Heck, J. Knapp, J. Capdevielle, G. Schatz, T. Thouw, Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 6019, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1998.
10. Stanev T., and Vankov H.P. Astropart. Phys. 2 (1994) 35
11. T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, T. Stanev, in: Proceedings of 25th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 6, Durban, South Africa, 1997, p. 281.
12. Alvarez-Muniz J., Engel R., Gaisser T.K., Ortiz J.A., and Stanev T. Phys. Rev. D66 (2002) 033011. Available from:
13. Drescher H.J., and Farrar G.R. Phys. Rev. D67 (2003) 116001. Available from:
14. W.R. Nelson, H. Hirayama, D.W.O. Rogers, SLAC-265, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 1985.
15. Drescher H.J., Hladik M., Ostapchenko S., Pierog T., and Werner K. Phys. Rep. 350 (2001) 93. Available from:
16. Pierog T., Drescher H.J., Liu F.M., Ostapchenko S., and Werner K. Nucl. Phys. A715 (2003) 895. Available from:
17. Werner K., Liu F.M., Ostapchenko S., and Pierog T. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30 (2003) S211. Available from:
18. Kalmykov N.N., Ostapchenko S.S., and Pavlov A.I. Bull. Russ. Acad. Sci. Phys. 58 (1994) 1966
19. Kalmykov N.N., Ostapchenko S.S., and Pavlov A.I. Nucl. Phys. Proc. 52B Suppl. (1997) 17
20. Ostapchenko S. Nucl. Phys. Proc. 151 Suppl. (2006) 143. Available from:
21. Ostapchenko S. Phys. Rev. D74 (2006) 014026. Available from:
22. S. Ostapchenko, in: Proceedings of INFN Eloisatron Project 44th Workshop on QCD at Cosmic Energies, Erice, Italy, 2004, in press. hep-ph/0501093.
23. Engel R., Gaisser T.K., Stanev T., and Lipari P. Phys. Rev. D46 (1992) 5013
24. Fletcher R.S., Gaisser T.K., Lipari P., and Stanev T. Phys. Rev. D50 (1994) 5710
25. R. Engel, T.K. Gaisser, P. Lipari, T. Stanev, in: Proceedings of 26th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 1, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA, 1999, p. 415.
26. H. Fesefeldt, preprint PITHA-85/02, RWTH Aachen, 1985.
27. Migdal A.B. Phys. Rev. 103 (1956) 1811
28. Konishi E., Adachi A., Takahashi N., and Misaki A. J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 17 (1991) 719
29. D. Heck, J. Knapp, Wissenschaftliche Berichte FZKA 6097, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, 1998.
30. Storm E., and Israel H.I. Nucl. Data Tables A7 (1970) 565
31. Gaisser T.K. Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics (1990), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
32. Sternheimer R.M., Berger M.J., and Seltzer S.M. At. Data Nucl. Data Tabl. 30 (1984) 261
33. Bottai S., and Perrone L. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A459 (2001) 319. Available from:
34. Andreev Y.M., and Bugaev E.V. Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 1233
35. Bezrukov L.B., and Bugaev E.V. Yadernaya Fiz. (Russ.) 33 (1981) 1195
36. Bilokon H., et al. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A303 (1991) 381
37. W. Lohmann, R. Kopp, R. Voss, CERN-85-03, 1985.
38. Erber T. Rev. Mod. Phys. 38 (1966) 626
39. Stanev T., and Vankov H.P. Phys. Rev. D55 (1997) 1365. Available from:
40. Vankov H.P., Inoue N., and Shinozaki K. Phys. Rev. D67 (2003) 043002. Available from:
41. Homola P., et al. Comput. Phys. Commun. 173 (2005) 71. Available from:
42. Stanev T., Gaisser T.K., and Halzen F. Phys. Rev. D32 (1985) 1244
43. Alvarez-Muñiz J., Marques E., Vazquez R.A., and Zas E. Phys. Rev. D67 (2003) 101303. Available from:
44. Nerling F., Blümer J., Engel R., and Risse M. Astropart. Phys. 24 (2006) 421
45. Arciprete F., et al., AirFly Collab. Nucl. Phys. Proc. 150 Suppl. (2006) 186
46. Risse M., and Heck D. Astropart. Phys. 20 (2004) 661. Available from:
47. Barbosa H.M.J., Catalani F., Chinellato J.A., and Dobrigkeit C. Astropart. Phys. 22 (2004) 159
48. Pierog T., et al. Nucl. Phys. Proc. 151 Suppl. (2006) 159. Available from:
49. Abbasi R.U., et al., HiRes Collab. Astrophys. J. 622 (2005) 910. Available from:
50. Abraham J., et al., Pierre Auger Collab. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A523 (2004) 50
51. K. Kasahara et al., TA Collab., (2005). Available from: .
52. Pallavicini M., and EUSO Collab. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A502 (2003) 155
53. T. Pierog et al., in: Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference, vol. 7, Pune, India, 2005, p. 103.